【同步练习】译林版初三英语上册 Unit 7 Films（单词语法讲义）（无答案）.doc

Unit7 知识考点—单词语法讲义 ★重点短语 have a rest 休息一下 in silence 沉默地 think of 想象到 after a while 过了一会 come along 出现 turn sth over 使翻转 what a pity 真可惜 trick sb into doing sth 诱使某人做某事 go on doing 不停地做 ★重点单词讲解 1. adventure n.[C]冒险；冒险经历 I wish to hear the details of your adventure. adj. adventurous 爱冒险的 adventurer n. 冒险者 2. novel n.小说 novelist n.小说家 He spent two whole years writing the novel. 3. congratulations n.祝贺；恭贺 congratulation on… 祝贺…;恭贺… Congratulations on your success. 祝贺你成功。 congratulate v.祝贺 4. sympathy n.同情 have sympathy for… 对……表示同情 I have much sympathy for those homeless people. 5. humorous adj. 滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的 The film is both humorous and moving. humor/ humour n.幽默 a sense of humor 幽默感 6. survey 及物动词，意为：查看，审视 【拓展】 survey 作动词，还可意为：调查；作名词，意为：调查，测量 7.progress 不可数名词，意为：进展 make progress 取得进展 make great progress取得很大进步 练一练： (1)He （make） great progress in English since he came into the college. 8.rest 名词，意为：休息 have/take a rest 休息一下 rest作名词，还意为：剩余部分，余下的人或物 the rest of 剩余的.... rest也可作动词，意为：休息 The workers stopped to have a rest. We rested for an hour after lunch. The rest of the apples have gone bad. 9.pity名词，意为：可惜，遗憾 近：shame 遗憾The pity is that you are not a prophet. It is a great pity that all students in the city cannot have the same chances. 【拓展】 pity还可做不可谓数名词，意为：怜悯，同情心 take pity on sb.同情某人I felt pity for the poor old man. 10. silence n.沉默；缄默；寂静 adj. silent 安静的 adv. silently 安静地 in silence 意为：沉默地，无声地 The students are waiting for their teacher in silence. 11. deal n.交易 [短] make a deal 达成协议 [口语] No deal! 没得商量！ That’s a deal! 成交！ v. (dealt, dealt) 应付；处理 [短] deal with 处理；应付 I’ll try to make a deal with him. 12. celebrated adj.著名的；闻名的 近：famous/ well-known adj.著名的 He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England. 13. lazy adj.(lazier, laziest) 懒惰的 [反] hard-working adj.勤奋的 派：lazily adv.懒惰地 laziness n.懒惰 14. pretend v.假装；佯装 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 Please don’t pretend that you know everything. ★重难点讲解 1.On Saturday morning,every boy in the town was happy,except Tom Sawyer. except在此处用作介词，意为：除......之外，表示同类事物之间的关系，不能放在句首。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语和动词不定式。 We have classes every day except Sunday. 辨析：except, besides, but与except for except 除去...,除...之外 强调从整体中除去部分，except后面的部分不包括在整体内。 besides 除...之外还有 强调除去一部分还有另外一部分，besides后的部分包括在整体内。 but 除了 多与on one, nobody, all, who等连用，其余情况下可与except互换。 except for 除去...之外 表示对一个人或者事物先进行一个整体评价，再就局部或细节提出看法或修正，前后不同类。 练一练： Everyone was tired _________ John. 除了约翰之外，大家都累了。 You can come any day _________ Thursday. 除了周四以外，你哪天来都行。 The street was empty ____________ a few cars. 除了几辆汽车外，这条街空空荡荡的。 We have lots of things in common __________ music. 除了音乐以外，我们还有很多共同点。 I know nothing about him __________ that he lives next door. 2.Tom began to think of the games that he wanted to play.  think of 意为：想象到，想出，考虑。后面接名词、代词或动名词。  Can you think of any other way to do it? We’re thinking of moving house. 【拓展】think of 还可意为：认为  What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film? 相关短语：think about 考虑 think over 仔细考虑 3.He knew the boys who were free would soon come along and make fun of him.  come along 意为：出现，来到 Do you want to come along? Take any job opportunity that comes along. There's a barbecue tonight and you're very welcome 今晚有个烧烤野餐，非常欢迎你一起来。 4.He picked up his brush and went back to work.  pick up 意为：拾起，捡起 He picked up his cap from the floor . 【拓展】pick up还有“（开车）接/取，搭载；（不费力/无意）学会，获得”之意。 5.What a pity! pity 近义词：shame n.遗憾感叹句: what+a/an+可数名词单数 拓展：what/how 引起的感叹句： (一)由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种： (1). 可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。  What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！ (2). 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。 What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！ (2). 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！ (二)由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种： (1).可用句型：“ How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如： How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！ (2). 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。 How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！ (3). 可用句型：“ How ＋主语＋谓语！”。如： How time flies! 光阴似箭！ 6.Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day? chance此处用作名词：机会,可能性 take a chance 冒险，碰运气 have/get a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事 Don't take a chance to cheat in the exam. 7.Then he went on painting. go on doing sth.意为：不停地做某事，继续做某事 近义短语：continue doing sth= continue to do sth.继续做某事go on to do sth.意为：接着做另一件事 go on with sth.意为：继续做某事 （前后做同一件事，但中间有暂停情况） 8.After a while, he said, “Tom, will you let me do some painting?” 1)while 在此处用作名词，意为：一会儿，一段时间  2)do some painting 该短语中v-ing为动名词，这是一个常见的固定结构。 例如：do some cleaning do so shopping do some cooking 9.Aunt Polly warned me to do it well. warn动词，意为：警告，提醒 warn sb. of /about sth. 警告某人某事 warn sb. (not) to do sth. They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone. 练一练： (1).He warned me (not,tell) others his secrets. (2).The public to be careful of false appeals. 但广大民众已被提醒要小心虚假的声援。 10.I’ll give you half my apple. half 此处用作形容词，意为：一半的。一般放在冠词，物主代词或指示代词之前。 Half the workers come from Shandong. 【拓展】  1）half还可做名词，意为：一半。  2）half of...意为：半数的 11.Without making a noise or sound. without介词,意为：无，没有。后接名词，代词或动名词。 Fish can’t live without water. He left without saying a word. 12.trick other boys in doing the work for him. trick 此处用作动词，意为：欺骗，哄骗 trick sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事 They tricked me into making a great mistake. 【拓展】trick作名词，意为：诡计，花招 play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人 13.The cave looked like a frozen waterfall. frozen形容词，意为：被冻结的，被冷却的 freeze动词，意为：冻结，结冰 freezing形容词，意为：冰冻的，严寒的 14.so he took Becky’s hand to hurry her away,but one of the bats followed and put out Becky’s candle with its wings..  1）hurry away 意为：匆忙离开  I must hurry away to catch the train.  2) put out 意为：扑灭，熄灭  We put out all the ship's lights.  Careless people forget to put out their barbecue fires. 15. ......and at last they got away from the bats.  get away from 意为：逃离，远离  Grammar定语从句的用法 关系代词的用法； 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。 【图示】
考向一: 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 考向二: 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 考向三: 关系代词的基本用法 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。 The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。 【典例】I don’t know the teacher ______________ is talking with Miss Wang. A. what B. whom C. which D. who 【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。 He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。 He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。 2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which： （1）先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。 That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。 【典例】—Is that all? —Yes. That’s all ______________ I want to take. A. which B. that C. who D. whose （2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.。 He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。 Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。 （3）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。 Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ （4）先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。 This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 （5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 （6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 It’s a book that w