人教版高中英语(2019)必修第一册
Unit 5 Language around the World
一、词汇
1、识记
billion, native, attitude, reference, system, despite, factor, based, bone, symbol, carve, dynasty, variety, major, dialect, means, classic, regard, character, calligraphy, global, affair, appreciate, specific, struggle, tongue, semester, gas, petrol, subway, apartment, beg, equal, gap, demand, vocabulary, description, relate, point of view, *predict
2、词形变化
refer v. 提到,谈及;查阅,参考
(referable adj. 可与……相关的
reference n. 谈及,说道(或写到)的事,参考,查阅,征询,(为方便查询所用的)标记,标识,编号;推荐信,推荐人;参考书目v. 查阅,参考,给(书等)附参考资料
vary v. (大小、形状等)相异,不同,有别,(根据情况)变化,变更
( various adj. 各种各样的
variously adv. 以各种方式
variety n. (同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样;多样化,多变性;(植物、语言等的)变种,变体;综艺节目
major adj. 主要的n.主修学业 v. 主修
( majority n. 大部分,大多数,多数票
majorly adv. (用于形容词前)非常地,极端地
classic adj.最优秀的,第一流的,典型的;(风格或设计)典雅的,传统的,有趣的,愚蠢的(或令人讨厌)而又不足为奇的 n. (书、电影或歌曲的)经典作品,杰作
(classical adj. 古典的,经典的,传统的,(语言)文言的,古文的,有没得额,朴实美观的
classically adv.
claasicism n. 古典主义,古典风格
classicist n. 古希腊文学研究者,古典学者,拉丁文学研究者,(艺术或文学的)古典主义者
appreciate v. 欣赏,赏识,重视,感激,理解,意识到,增值,升值
(appreciation n. 欣赏,理解,体谅,同情,感谢,增值,(尤指文学艺术方面的)鉴定,评估
appreciative adj. 感激的,欣赏的,赏识的
appreciable adj.(大得)可以觉察到的,足以认为重要的,可观的,
appreciably adv.
specific adj. 明确的,具体的,特定的,独有的,独特的
(specifially adv. 明确地,具体地,特意,专门地,确切地说
specify v. 具体说明,明确规定,详述
description n. 描写(文字);形容,说明,类型
(describe v. 描述,形容, 把……称为。做……运动,画出……图形
descriptive adj. 描写的,叙述的,说明的,(语言)描写性的 ;(描述语言的实际应用而非使用规则)
communicate v. (与某人)交流信息(或消息、意见等);沟通传达,传递(想法、感情、思想等)
communication n. 表达,交际,传递,通讯
communicative adj. 健谈的,乐于提供信息的,语言交际能力的(尤指用外语)
communicator n. 交际者,交流者
3、应用
1. refer v.
(1)refer to sb./sth. (as sth.) 提到,谈及,说起
Her mother never referred to him again.
她的母亲再也没有提起过他。
I promised not to refer to the matter again.
我答应过再也不提这事了。
She always referred Ben as “that nice man”.
她总是称本为“那个大好人”。
(2)描绘,涉及,与……有关
This paragraph refers to the events of last year.
这一段说的是去年发生的事。
(3)查阅,参考,征询
You may refer to your note if you want.
如果需要,可以查阅笔记。
refer sb./sth. to sb./sth. 将……送交给(以求获得帮助等)
My doctor referred me to a specialist.
我的一生让我去找一位专家诊治。
The case was referred to the court of Appeal.
这个案子被送交到上诉法院。
拓展:
reference
n. reference (to sb./sht.)说道(或写到)的事,提到,谈及,涉及
The book is full of references to growing up in India.
这本书谈到许多在印度怎样长大的事。
She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.
她没有提到她的病,只说了说她未来的计划。
n.参考,查阅,查询
I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference.
我记下了这家酒店的名字,以后也许用得着。
The library contains many popular works of reference.
这家图书馆藏有许多常用的参考书。
n. reference to sb./sth.(帮助或意见的)征求,征询
The emergency nurse can treat minor injuries without reference to a doctor.
急救护士在不必征求医生的意见就可以处理轻伤。
Cn.(为了方便查询所用的)标记,标识,编号
Please quote your reference number when making an enquiry.
查询时请报出编号。
Cn.推荐信,介绍信
We will take up reference after the interview.
我们在面试之后收推荐信。
Cn.推荐人,介绍人
My previous boss will act as a reference for me.
我的前任上司将做我的推荐人。
Cn.参考书目
There is a list of reference at the end of each chapter.
每一章的后面都有一组参考书目。
vt.(书)查阅,参考,给(书等)附参考资料
Each chapter is referenced, citing literature up to 1999.
每一章都附有参考资料,引用文献截止到1999年。
拓展:
in/with reference to (所述内容)关于
with reference ot your letter of july 22 …
关于你7月22日的来信……
reference book n. 参考书,工具书
reference library n. 参考图书馆,工具书阅览室(藏书仅供查阅,不外借)
reference point n. 参比点,参照标准
referable adj. (referable to sth.)可与……相关的
These symptons may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites.
这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的,而与寄生虫无关。
referee
n. 裁判,裁判员,介绍人,推荐人,仲裁员,调解人,(专业性文章的)审阅人,鉴定专家
n. 担任裁判,裁判,审阅,鉴定(专业性文章)
2. communicate
v. communicate with sb. (与某人)交流信息(或消息、意见扥等);沟通
They communicated in sign language.
他们用手语沟通。
Dolphins use sound to communicate with each other.
海豚用声音相互沟通。
v. 传达,传递(想法、感情、思想等)
He was eager to communicate his idea to the group.
他急于把他的想法传给小组。
v.沟通communicate with sb.
The novel is about a family who can’t communicate with each other.
这部小说写的是成员彼此无法沟通的家庭。
v.传染,传播(疾病)
The disease is communicated through dirty drinking water.
这种疾病通过不干净的饮用水传播。
v.想通,相连
a communitating door
连通门
拓展
communication
Cn. 表达,交流,交际,传递
Speech is the fastest method of communication between people.
说话是人与人之间交流最快捷的方法。
Un. (=communications)通讯,联络
The new airport will improve communications between the islands.
新机场将改善岛屿间的通讯联系。
Cn.信息,书信,电话
a communication from the leader of the party
来自政党领袖的信息
communicative
adj.爱说话的,健谈的,乐于提供信息的
I don’t find him very communicative.
我发现他不太爱说话。
adj. 语言交际能力的(尤指用外语)
communicative skills
语言交际能力
communicator n.交际者,交流者
a skilled communicator
熟练的交际者
3. appreciate
vt. 欣赏,赏识,重现
You can’t really appreciate foreign literature in translation.
看翻译作品不能真正欣赏外国文学原著的美妙之处。
His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.
他的才干在那家公司未受到充分赏识。
vt.(通常不用于进行时)感激,感谢,欢迎
I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. (it充当形式宾语)
假如你支付现金的话,我会不胜感激。
I’d appreciate some help.
如果有人帮忙, 我会/将十分感谢。
We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems.
如有任何问题,请告诉我们。
v.(不用于进行)理解,意识到,领会
What I failed to appreciate was the distance between the two cities.
我没有意识到这两座城市间的距离。
I don’t think you appreciate how expensive it will be.
我想你不了解它会有多珍贵。
v.增值,升值
Their investments have appreciated over the years.
他们的投资这些年来已经增值。
appreciation
Un. 欣赏
She shows little appreciation of good music.
她感受不到美好音乐的妙处。
Un. appreciation of sth.理解,体谅,同情
I have no appreciation of the problems they faced.
我没有体谅到他们面临的困难。
Un. (appreciation of/for sth.)感激,感谢
Please accept this gift in appreciation of/for all you’ve done for us.
承蒙鼎力相助,不胜感激,谨备薄礼,敬请笑纳。
Un. appreciation of sth. (尤指艺术方面的)鉴定,评价,评估
appreciative
adj. appreciative of sth.感谢的,感激的
The company was very appreciative of my efforts.
公司对我的努力十分欣赏。
adj.欣赏的,赏识的
an appreciative audience/smile
有欣赏力的观众,会意的微笑
4. struggle
v. struggle for sth.奋斗,努力,争取
a country struggling for independence
为独立而奋斗的国家
They stuggled just to pay their bills.
他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。
v.艰难地行进,吃力地进行
I struggled up the hill with the heavy bags.
我背着几个沉重的包吃力地爬上山去。
v.struggle against/with sb./sth.斗争,抗争
He struggled agains cancer for two years.
他同癌症抗争了两年。
v.struggle with sb.搏斗,扭打,挣扎脱身
James was hit in the mouth as he struggled with the raiders.
詹姆斯在同几个劫匪搏斗时嘴上挨了打。
v.struggle with sb. for sth.争论,辩论
rival leaders struggling for power
互相对立的领导人争夺权力
n.struggle with sb. for/against sth.
struggle with sb. to do sth.斗争,奋斗,努力
struggle between A and B
Cn. 搏斗,扭打,(尤指)抢夺,挣扎,脱身
n.struggle to do sth.难事
It was a real struggle to be ready on time.
要按时做好准备确非易事。
struggle along.on在困难中坚持,勉力维持
Life is hard but we all have to struggle along.
虽说世路多艰,但我们全都得勉力向前。
5.equal
adj. (be) equal to sb./sth. (大小、价值、数据等)相同的,同样的相等的
There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.
这个班男女生人数相等。
One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.
一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。
adj. 平等的,同等的
The company has an equal opportunities policy.
这家公司的政策是人人机会均等。
adj. equal to something (力气、勇气、能力等)相当地,能胜任的,能应付的
I hope that