高中虚拟语气学案

1语法讲解虚拟语气英语中有三种不同的语气陈述语气祈使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反或不可能发生的情况一虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中假设种类虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反If主语动词的过去式动词be用were主语shouldwouldmightcould动词原形与过去相反If主语had过去分词主语shouldwouldmightcouldhave过去分词与将来相反1If主语动词过去式2If主语weretodo3If主语shoulddo主语shouldwouldmightcould动词原形1表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生IfwehavetimenowwereaditagainIfIbeyouIworkhard2表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生IfhehadtakenmyadvicehewouldhavesucceededinthetestIfIknowyourtelephonenumberthenIcallyou3表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生IfitsnowtomorrowtheynotgooutPS虚拟条件句的特殊情况1混合错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时称为错综条件句动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整IfyoufollowmyadviceyoubebetternowIfIbeyouItakehisadvice从句是现在主句是过去2省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有wereshouldhad时则可以把这三个词置于句首省略if采用倒装语序IfitshouldhappenwhatwouldyoudowhatwouldyoudoIfhehadrecognizedmehewouldhavecomeoverhewouldhavecomeover3含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来而是通过一个介词短语连词或其他形式表示常用的词或短语有withoutwithbutfor要是没有otherwiseorbut等WithoutyourhelpIfwehadnothadyourhelpwecouldnothavesucceededButforelectricityIftherewerenoelectricitytherewouldbenomodernindustryHefeltverytiredyesterdayorotherwiseheattendtheparty二虚拟语气用于从句中should可以省略的情况1在表示建议命令要求等动词后的从句要用should动词原形此类动词有suggestadviseproposedemandrequireinsist要求orderprefercommandaskrequestTheteacherorderedthatallthebooksshouldbehandedinontimePS当suggest表示暗示说明之意insist表示坚持认为坚持说之意时从句不用虚拟用正常的陈述语气HesuggestedthatweofferourhelptothemHispuzzledexpressionsuggestedthathenotunderstandwhattheAmericanmeantIinsistedthattheboywashhishandsbeforehavingsupperIinsistedthatItaketheearlytrainthatmorning2表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议命令要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用should动词原形常见名词有advicedesirerequestdemandproposalsuggestionpreferencerequirementorderHisproposalisthatweshouldgetridofthebadhabits表语从句Weareallfortheproposalthattweshouldgetridofthebadhabits同位语从句3主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在itis形容词名词过去分词that主语should动词原形should可以省略这种结构中常见的这类形容词有surprisingnaturalnecessarystrangeimportantregretful常见的这类过去分词有decideddemandedrecommendedrequesteddesiredrequiredorderedsuggested常见的这类名词有dutypitynosurprisenowonderregretshameItwassuggestedthathejointheclubactivitiesItisstrangesurprisingdisappointingthatsheshouldnothavebeeninvitedItisapitythatheshouldrefusetoaccepttheoffer三从句中虚拟时态后移的结构wishifonly后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气意为要是但愿就好了其形式主要有三种表示对现在情况的虚拟wish后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟wish后接过去完成时表示对将来情况的虚拟wish后接wouldcould动词原形HewishhebuythedictionarylastSundayIwishIflytothemooninaspaceshiponedayHowIwishInothavesomuchhomeworkIfonlyIbeaflyingbirdIfonlyIseethefilm2在asifasthough引导的状语从句中若从句与事实相反则要用虚拟语气其形式如下主语asifthough主语一般过去时从句的动作与主句同时发生主语asifthough主语wouldcould动词原形从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生2主语asifthough主语过去完成时从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前HetalksasifheknowallaboutitShespeaksEnglishwellasifhespeakinAmericaHelearnsEnglishsohardasifhegoabroad3在itishightimethat句型中也用虚拟语气从句常用过去式有时也用should动词原形表示早该做而没做的事含建议的意味ItistimethatwegohomePS此句型中注意与ItThisisthe序数词timethat现在完成式的区别ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere4wouldrather后接动词原形但接从句时要用虚拟语气宁愿但愿wouldrather主语表示与现在或将来相反wouldrather主语表示与过去相反IdratherhedidntgonowIdratheryouhadntdoneityesterday5动词hopeintendmeanplanwantthink等词用过去完成的形式表示的意思为本想本打算本认为Hehadmeanttobuythefurniturelastweekbutitrained他上周本打算去买那件家具但却下雨了PartA1Ifpeopledrivemoreslowlytherewouldntbesomanyaccidents2Ifyouhadworkedcarefullyyounotmakesomanymistakes3Theboatwouldnthavedriftedawayifwetieitup4IfIhadknownyoualreadyhaveatypewriterInotbuyoneforyourbirthday5IfhebeherethisafternoonIwouldgowithhim6Ifitweretoraintomorrowthematchpostpone7Butforyourhelpwenotbeabletofinishtheworkintime8IfitnotbefortheleadershipofthePartywewouldnothaveachievedsomuch9IwishIstudyhardwhileIwasyoung10Itisabouttimethatfencemend11Myrequestisthatweholdanothersessiontodiscusstheproblem12Itisstrangethatthecarbreakdownatexactlythesameplacewhereitbreakdownyesterday13Thebabysmiledasifheunderstandwhathismothersay14HetalkedasifhedoalltheworkhimselfbutinfactTomandIdomostofit15IfonlywehaveaphoneImtiredofqueuingoutsidethepublicphonebox1645454545Canwecomeinlatetomorrow45454545Idratheryoucomeinontime17Helooksasifhebeillforalongtime18Healwaystalksasthoughheaddressapublicmeeting19Ifametalheatitwillexpand20IstayhomeifitrainsthiseveningPartB1Shewouldcallyouimmediatelyifsheneedhelp2IfIhadseenthemovieItellyouallaboutitnow3Ifhedecideearlierhecouldhaveleftontheafternoonflight4ItakemyumbrellawithmewhenIcomeoutthismorningInotbesowetnow5Ifyouhadlistenedtomeyounotbeinsuchtroublenow6IwishtheystopmakingsomuchnoisesothatIcouldconcentrateonmywork7ItisinconceivablethathenotseemethatdayforIwavetoher8Whatapitythathegaveordersthatallthoselovelytreescutdown9MrJoneswouldratherstayhomelastnight10Henrywouldratherthathisbrotherworkinthesamedepartmentashedoes11Electriccurrentflowsthroughaconductorasthoughitbeafluid12Weinvitehertothepartybutwedidntknowthatshealreadycomebackfromabroad13Todaysindustrialproductionbeimpossiblewithoutthecontributionmadebythescienceofphysics14IhatedrivingIdmuchratheryoudrive15Theguestsarrivelastnightbutthereisstillnonewsaboutthem16MotherfeelanxiousifIcamehomelate17EvenifIbewithyouthenIcannotdomuchforyou18Alessconscientiousmannottrysohardtogetthisjobdone19Doyouwishthatyouhaveasisterlikeher20Isntitsurprisingthathehavetwocaraccidentsduringthepastweek3虚拟语气练习题精选1TheteacherdemandedthattheexambeforeelevenAmustfinishBwouldbefinishedCbefinishedDmustbefinished2ShemadethedemandthatthejournalistsatonceIraqAleaveforBleavetoClefttoDtobeleftfor3HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhethereAhadbeenBhasbeenCwasDhasgone4TheyoungmaninsistedthathenothingwrongandfreeAdidsetBhaddoneshouldbesetCshoulddobesetDhaddonemustbeset5IsuggestedtherebeakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduseAcanitBCwoulditDmay6ThesuggestionhasbeenmadethebasketballgameputoffAfortoBthatbeCwhichshouldbeDtobeing7TheordercamethatthemedicalsuppliestoBeijingfortheSarssoonAwouldbesentBshouldsendCbesentDmustbesent48ItisimportantthatwewildanimalsAwillprotectBshouldprotectCshallprotectDareprotecting9HadyoulistenedtothedoctoryouallrightnowAareBwereCwouldbeDwouldhavebeen10todayhewouldgettherebyFridayAWouldheleaveBWasheleavingCWerehetoleaveDIfheleave11ShoulditrainthecropsAwouldbesavedBwouldhavebeensavedCwillbesavedDhadbeensaved12YoucomeearlierThebusleftamomentagoAwouldBshouldhaveCmayDhave13HetreatedmeasthoughasifhisownsonAIamBIwouldbeCIwasDIwere14AfewminutesearlierandwetherainAhavecaughtBhadcaughtCcouldhavecaughtDweretocatch154545HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing4545NobutIwishIAhaveBwillCdoDhad16ImgladIwentoverallmynotesotherwiseAImayhavefailedBIdfailCIdhavefailedDIllhavefailed174545Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday4545IdontknowbutitshightimesomethingAImdecidingBIlldecideCIdecidedDIdecide18WhatshouldwedoifittomorrowAshouldsnowBwouldsnowCsnowDwillsnow19ButfortheirhelpwetheprogramintimeAcannotfinishBwillnotfinishChandnotfinishedDcouldnothavefinished20HedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthatheitdifferentlyAcouldexpressBwouldexpressCcouldhaveexpressedDmusthaveexpressed21ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacherIthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetitionAwouldnotwinBwouldnotwonCwouldwinDwouldhavewon22IftherewerenosubjunctivemoodEnglishmucheasierAwillbeBwouldhavebeenCcouldhavebeenDwouldbe23IfshehadworkedhardersheAwouldsucceedBhadsucceededCshouldsucceedDwouldhavesucceeded24IfhehethatfoodLuckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediatelyAwaswarnedwouldnottakeBhadbeenwarnedwouldnothavetakenCwouldbewarnedhadnottakenDwouldhavebeenwarnedhadnottaken25IfhemehistelephonenumberyesterdayIabletoringhimupnowAtoldwouldbeBhadtoldwouldbeChadtoldwouldhavebeenDtoldam26IfIyouItoAustraliawithMrSmithAhadbeenwouldgoBwerehadgoneCwerewouldhavegoneDamwillgo27WithoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifferenttodayAisBwillbeCwouldhavebeenDwouldbe28OurmonitorwasabsentOtherwiseIthechairAwouldnottakeBdidnttakeChadnttakenDwouldnthavetaken29TheexperimenthasfailedIsuggestthatyouagain5AtryBtryingCwilltryDwouldtry30HissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathetoyourplanAdidntagreeBhadntagreedCwouldntagreeDnotagree31ThefatherinsistedhisdaughterarichmanAwouldbeengagedtoBbeengagedtoCshouldengagetoDmustbeengagedto32SheinsistedthatsheillofhimbehindhimbuthedidntbelieveAhadntspokenBshouldntspeakCwouldntspeakDnotspeak33IwasreallyanxiousaboutyouYouhomewithoutawordAmustntleaveBshouldnthaveleftCcouldnthaveleftDneedntleave34TherewasplentyoftimeSheAmustnthavehurriedBneednthavehurriedCmustnothurryDcouldnthavehurried35IfmylawyerherelastSaturdayhemefromgoingAhadbeenwouldhavepreventedBhadbeenwouldpreventCwerewouldpreventDwerewouldhaveprevented36IfitforthesnowwethemountainyesterdayAwerenotcouldhaveclimbedBwerenotcouldclimbChadnotbeencouldhaveclimbedDhadnotbeencouldclimb37ItoldSallyhowtogettherebutperhapsIforherAhadtowriteitoutBmusthavewrittenitoutCshouldhavewrittenitoutDoughttowriteitout38IdidntseeyoursisteratthemeetingIfsheshewouldhavemetmybrotherAhascomeBdidcomeCcameDhadcome39WhydidntyoubuyanewcarIwouldhaveboughtoneifIenoughmoneyAhadBhavehadCwouldhaveDhadhad40ThelawrequiresthateveryonehiscarcheckedatleastonceayearAhasBhadChaveDwillhave41HewasverybusyyesterdayotherwisehetothemeetingAwouldcomeBcameCwouldhavecomeDwillcome42JohnwouldnothavefailedAIfhehaslistenedtomeBHadhelistenedtomeCIfhelistenedtomeDAshelistenedtome43HadAlicebeenmorehardworkingsheAhadnotfailedBwouldnothavefailedCwouldnotfailDcouldnotbefailed44ThechairmanrequestedthatAthemembersstudiedtheproblemmorecarefullyBtheproblemweremorecarefullystudiedCtheproblemcouldbestudiedwithmorecareDthemembersstudytheproblemmorecarefully45JillwouldratherwenowbutwemustgotoworkAnotleaveBhadnotleftCdidntleaveDnottobeleft4645454545ShallIopenthewindow45454545IdratherAyouhadbetternotByoudontCyoushouldntDyoudidnt47IfyouhadnttakensuchalongtimetogetdressedwedtherebynowAbeBgetChavegotatDhavebeen48GeraldwouldhavebeenarichmanAWashetoenterbusinessBWereheenteredbusinessCHadheenteredbusinessDIfhewastoenterbusiness649IfonlyIhowtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudoAhadknownBwouldknowCshouldknowDknew50IwouldhavebeenabletohelphimbutIsobusyAwereBhadbeenCwasDwouldbe51ItisdesirablethattheairplaneaslightaspossibleAwasBbeCisDwere5245454545MrsWilliamscanspeakJapanese45454545ButshewouldratherEnglishwithusAspeakBspokeCtospeakDhadspoken53JohnwouldratherthatJanetothepartyyesterdayeveningAdidnotgoBnotgoChadnotgoneDwouldntgone54TheteacherdemandedthattheexambeforeelevenAmustfinishBwouldbefinishedCbefinishedDmustbefinished55ShemadethedemandthatthejournalistsatonceIraqAleaveforBleavetoClefttoDtobeleftfor56TheyoungmaninsistedthathenothingwrongandfreeAdidsetBhaddoneshouldbesetCshoulddobesetDhaddonemustbeset57HadyoulistenedtothedoctoryouallrightnowAareBwereCwouldbeDwouldhavebeen58todayhewouldgettherebyFridayAWouldheleaveBWasheleavingCWerehetoleaveDIfheleave59ShoulditrainthecropsAwouldbesavedBwouldhavebeensavedCwillbesavedDhadbeensaved60YousuchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadviceAmaynotmakeBmightnotmakeCshouldnthavemadeDmightnothavemade用所给动词的适当形式填空PartA21Ifpeopledrivemoreslowlytherewouldntbesomanyaccidents22Ifyouhadworkedcarefullyyounotmakesomanymistakes23Theboatwouldnthavedriftedawayifwetieitup24IfIhadknownyoualreadyhaveatypewriterInotbuyoneforyourbirthday25IfhebeherethisafternoonIwouldgowithhim26Ifitweretoraintomorrowthematchpostpone27Butforyourhelpwenotbeabletofinishtheworkintime28IfitnotbefortheleadershipofthePartywewouldnothaveachievedsomuch29IwishIstudyhardwhileIwasyoung30Itisabouttimethatfencemend31Myrequestisthatweholdanothersessiontodiscusstheproblem32Itisstrangethatthecarbreakdownatexactlythesameplacewhereitbreakdownyesterday33Thebabysmiledasifheunderstandwhathismothersay34HetalkedasifhedoalltheworkhimselfbutinfactTomandIdomostofit35IfonlywehaveaphoneImtiredofqueuingoutsidethepublicphonebox3645454545Canwecomeinlatetomorrow45454545Idratheryoucomeinontime37Helooksasifhebeillforalongtime38Healwaystalksasthoughheaddressapublicmeeting39Ifametalheatitwillexpand40IstayhomeifitrainsthiseveningPartB21Shewouldcallyouimmediatelyifsheneedhelp722IfIhadseenthemovieItellyouallaboutitnow23Ifhedecideearlierhecouldhaveleftontheafternoonflight24ItakemyumbrellawithmewhenIcomeoutthismorningInotbesowetnow25Ifyouhadlistenedtomeyounotbeinsuchtroublenow26IwishtheystopmakingsomuchnoisesothatIcouldconcentrateonmywork27ItisinconceivablethathenotseemethatdayforIwavetoher28Whatapitythathegaveordersthatallthoselovelytreescutdown29MrJoneswouldratherstayhomelastnight30Henrywouldratherthathisbrotherworkinthesamedepartmentashedoes31Electriccurrentflowsthroughaconductorasthoughitbeafluid32Weinvitehertothepartybutwedidntknowthatshealreadycomebackfromabroad33Todaysindustrialproductionbeimpossiblewithoutthecontributionmadebythescienceofphysics34IhatedrivingIdmuchratheryoudrive35Theguestsarrivelastnightbutthereisstillnonewsaboutthem36MotherfeelanxiousifIcamehomelate37EvenifIbewithyouthenIcannotdomuchforyou38Alessconscientiousmannottrysohardtogetthisjobdone39Doyouwishthatyouhaveasisterlikeher40Isntitsurprisingthathehavetwocaraccidentsduringthepastweek