Module 1 My First Day at Senior High
Section I Introduction, Reading and Vocabulary
重点词汇用法
be similar to
be similar to 意为“与......相似”,to后常接名词、代词。而be similar in 意为“在......方面相似”。
Her ideas are quite similar to mine. 他的想法与我的非常相似。
The two cars are very similar in size and design. 这两辆车在大小和设计方面很相似。
归纳拓展:
( 1 ) similarity n. 类似性;相似点
( 1 ) similarly adv. 同样;类似地。常置于句首做状语。
Cars must stop at a red light; similarly, bicycles should stop, too.
红灯时汽车必须停下来;同样,自行车也应当停下来。
amazing
amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的;令人惊叹的。在句中可做定语或表语,用来说明主语或所修饰词的特征。
If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety.
如果你到中国来游览,你将会体验到一种有着惊人深度和多样性的文化。
归纳拓展:
amaze vt. 使惊奇
amazed adj. 感到惊奇的
amazing adj. 令人惊叹的
amazement n. 惊奇;惊诧
be amazed at/by/that 对......感到惊讶
be amazed to do sth. 惊讶地做某事
to one’s amazement 令某人感到惊讶的是
in amazement 惊讶地
词汇串记:
The amazement on her face showed that she was amazed at the result of the experiment, which her assistant also thought amazing.
她惊愕的表情表明她对实验结果感到惊讶,她的助手也觉得这个结果令人惊叹。
information
( 1 ) n. [ U ]信息;消息。最常见的不可数名词之一,常用some, much, a lot of, a great deal of, a large/ small amount of等修饰。
We can get much information from websites about how to learn English.
我们可以从网站上获得很多关于如何学习英语的信息。
( 2 ) 不可数名词information量的表达,必须借助相应的量词。
a piece of information 一则消息
two pieces of information 两则消息
归纳拓展:
( 1 ) inform v. 通知;了解,熟悉
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
inform sb. that... 告知某人......
( 2 ) informed adj. 有见识的;有学问的;消息灵通的
be informed of 被告知
keep sb. informed of 让某人知晓
误区警示:
以下为最常误用的20个常见的不可数名词:
news, work, weather, progress (进步),paper(纸),experience(经验), furniture(家具),equipment(设备), water, bread, homework, information, baggage, luggage(行李),advice, money, knowledge, change(零钱),wealth, exercise(锻炼)。
bored
bored adj. 厌倦的;烦闷的。常用来形容人的心情或表情。常见搭配:
be / get bored with sb. / sth.
be / get bored with doing sth. 厌倦做某事
There was a bored expression on her face. 她的脸上有一种厌烦的表情。
归纳拓展:
( 1 ) bore vt. 使厌烦 n. 令人厌烦的人(或事)
( 2 ) boring adj. 令人厌烦的;没趣的(常用来修饰事物)
语境串记:
I was so bored with the boring long journey that I decided to read books to kill time.
我对这次乏味的漫长旅途感到如此厌烦,以至于我决定读书来打发时间。
embarrassed
embarrassed adj. 尴尬的;害羞的;窘迫的。常用来修饰人。常见搭配:
be embarrassed about/ at... 因......而窘迫(或害羞、尴尬)
be embarrassed to do sth. 窘迫(或害羞、尴尬)地做某事
归纳拓展:
( 1 ) embarrass vt. 使窘迫;使尴尬
( 2 ) embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的(或难堪的、惭愧的)(常用来修饰事物)
( 3 ) embarrassment n. 窘迫,难堪;使人为难的处境
to one’s embarrassment 使某人尴尬的是
语境串记:
To my embarrassment, the interviewer asked me a very personal question, which embarrassed my wife, too. Finding us embarrassed, she was also embarrassed about her embarrassing question and made an apology at once.
使我尴尬的是,采访者问了我一个非常私人的问题,这也让我的妻子感到尴尬。她发现我们很尴尬,也为她的令人尴尬的问题感到窘迫,立刻道了歉。
attitude
attitude n. [ C ]态度;看法。常见搭配:
have / take a ( n ) ... attitude to / towards sb. / sth. 对某人/某事持......的态度
What is your attitude to/ towards the problem? 你对这个问题有什么看法?
He has a positive attitude to his work. 他的工作态度非常积极。
behaviour
behaviour n. 行为;举止。为不可数名词。美式英语写作behavior。
常见搭配: good/ bad behaviour 良好/恶劣的行为
His behaviour in school is beginning to improve. 他在学校的表现开始变好。
归纳拓展:
( 1 ) behave v. 表现;表现得体,有礼貌
behave well/ badly 举止得当/ 不得当
behave yourself 守规矩;行为检点
I hope you behave yourself while I’m away.
( 2 ) well-behaved adj. 表现好的 badly-behaved adj. 表现差的
previous
previous adj. 以前的 ;先前的。常见搭配:
previous to ... ( = before ... ) 在......以前;先于......(to为介词)
He has no previous experience of this kind of job. 他从前没有(做)这种工作的经验。
What do you usually do on the day previous to the New Year?
在新年的前一天你通常做什么?
in other words
in other words 意为“换句话说,也就是说”。同义表达有:namely, that is, that is to say。
He is good at all the subjects. In other words, he does well in his studies.
各门学科他都擅长。换句话说,他在学习方面很优秀。
归纳拓展:word构成的其他搭配:
in a word 总之,简言之 break one’s word 食言 eat one’s words 收回前言
keep one’s word 信守承诺 word for word 逐字地 have words with sb. 与某人争吵
have a word with sb. 和某人说话
Word came that... 有消息传来...... (word在此作“消息”讲,其前无冠词)
look forward to
look forward to 是固定短语,意为“期盼着,盼望着”。to是介词,后面接名词、代词或动名词做宾语。
Boys and girls are looking forward to Children’s Day. 孩子们期盼着儿童节的到来。
We are so much looking forward to seeing you again. 我们非常盼望再次见到你。
归纳拓展:介词to构成的常见动词短语还有:
thanks to ... 由于...... stick to... 坚持......
object to... 反对...... pay attention to ... 注意......
devote ... to ... 把......投入到...... contribute ... to ... 把......奉献给......
get down to... 开始认真做...... lead to... 通向......;导致.....
point to ... 指向...... listen to... 听......
turn to ... 转向......;求助于...... be sentenced to... 被判为......
be/ get used to ... 习惯于...... belong to... 属于......
compare... to... 把......比作.....
特别提醒:
对“look forward to doing”的考查常常有两种形式:一种是在to 和doing之间插入某些成分,干扰学生对doing的使用;另一种是look forward to是定语从句的一部分,而要考查的词是主语的谓语,而非look forward to的宾语。
Two weeks later, the moment I had been looking forward to came.
两周后,我一直期盼的时刻到来了。
impress
( 1 ) vt. 给.....留下深刻的好印象;使感动。常见搭配:
impress sb. with... 以......给某人留下深刻的印象/ 用......打动某人
be impressed by/ with... 被......打动;对......印象深刻
I was deeply impressed by/ with his speech. 我被他的演讲深深地打动了。
( 2 ) vt. 使铭记;使意识到(重要性或严肃性等)。常见搭配:
impress sth. on/ upon sb. 使某人意识到某事(如果宾语过长,可调整为impress on/ upon sb. sth.)
I impressed on Peter the importance of the meeting. 我使彼得意识到此次会议的重要性。
归纳拓展:
( 1 ) impression n. 印象;感想;影响;效果
Make / leave a deep impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻的印象
( 2 ) impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的;令人敬佩的;令人赞叹的
语境串记:
Bob is a boy of many gifts. Last week, his impressive performance at the concert left a deep impression on me. However, what impressed me most was his decent manners.
鲍勃是一个多才多艺的男孩。上周他在音乐会上令人赞叹的演出给我留下了深刻的印象。然而,令我印象最深刻的是他得体的礼仪。
教材句式剖析
Pattern 1
What do you find most difficult about English? 关于英语你觉得什么最难?
考点提炼:“find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构
在这个结构中,find意为“发现......处于某种状态”,充当宾语补足语的除了形容词之外,还可以是副词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等。
( 1 ) find + n. / pron. + 形容词
I hope you will find these suggestions useful. 我希望你会发现这些建议有用。
( 2 ) find + n. / pron. + 副词
I called on her on my way home and found her out.
我在回家的路上去拜访她,发现她不在家。
( 3 ) find + n. / pron. + 介词短语
Jane found herself in a different world. 简发现自己来到了一个不同的世界。
( 4 ) find + n./ pron. + 现在分词(短语)
When I went into her room, I found her reading a book.当我走进她的房间时,发现她正在看书。
( 5 ) find + n. / pron. + 过去分词(短语)
When he arrived, he found all the work finished.
当他到达的时候,他发现所有的工作都已经做完了。
误区警示:
在“find + 宾语 + 现在分词/ 过去分词”结构中,现在分词通常表主动或正在进行,过去分词通常表被动或完成。
特别提醒:
当不定式做find的宾语时,通常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后,即构成“find + it(形式宾语)+ 宾语补足语 + 不定式(真正的宾语)”结构,可转换为“find + 宾语从句”结构。
He found it very difficult to solve the problem. = He found ( that ) it was very difficult to solve the problem. 他发现解决这个问题很难。
Pattern 2
Read the school diary and find two things that the English teacher thinks are important to do in class. 阅读这篇学校日记,并找出这位英语老师认为课堂上要做的两件重要的事情。
考点提炼:“主语 + be + adj. ( + for sb. ) + 不定式”句型
该句型是一个常用句型,其用法为:
( 1 ) 形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词。常见的 此类形容词有easy, difficult/ hard, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, dangerous, cheap, heavy等。
( 2 ) 不定式中的动词和句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,但在形式上用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
( 3 ) 不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语,并用for引出。
( 4 ) 若不定式中的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上结构或含义所需的介词。
This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it within a few minutes.
这种机器很容易操作。任何人都能在几分钟里学会使用它。
The article was hard for the students to understand .
The room is pleasant to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒适。
Pattern 3
I don’t think I will be bored in Ms Shen’s class! 我认为上沈老师的课我是不会感到厌倦的!
本句使用了否定转移,否定词not在主句中,实际上否定的是宾语从句中的内容。
考点提炼:否定转移
当主句的谓语动词时believe, think, suppose