2022年人教版英语中考语法(五)介词知识梳理学案.doc

中考语法专题五 介词和介词短语 强化要点考点一 时间介词 考点讲解 *at 表示在某个时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜 at 7：00在七点 at noon在正午 on Monday在星期一 *on表示在具体的某一天或者某一天的某一段时间 on the morning of June 1st在6月1日的早晨 *in表示在一段时间里（在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后） in summer 在夏天 in 2021在2021年 in three days三天后 *after后跟具体时刻，表示“在······时刻之后”，常用于将来时；后跟时间段，多用于过去时 He said that he would be here after 6：00．他说他六点钟之后会来这儿。 *for 后跟一段时间，表示“（延续）··..··之久” We have lived in China for two years.我们已经在中国生活了两年。 *since后加时间点或过去时的句子，表示“自从（过去某时）以来” She has worked here since 2020．自2020年以来，她就在这里工作。 *during表示“在······期间” I enjoyed myself during the summer vacation.我在暑假期间玩得很高兴。 *until表示“直到······为止” I won't leave until you come back.直到你回来，我再离开。 *before表示“在······之前” Wash hands before meals. 饭前要洗手。 *by表示“到······为止” I will go there by six.我六点前会去那里。 【巧学妙记】 时间介词歌诀 at用在时刻前，亦与正午、午夜连。 黎明、终止和开端，at与之紧相伴。 周月季节长时间，in需放在其前面。 泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后边。 on指特定某一天，日期、星期、节日前。 某日上、下午和傍晚，依然要在on后站。 今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，at、in、on都不填，此乃习惯记心间。 1 My mother gets up __________ five o'clock every morning to cook breakfast for me. A.on B.at C.in D.for 2. The Communist Party of China was set up __________ July,1921 and we will celebrate her 100th birthday this year. A.on B.at C.in D.by 3.-How long have you had the cellphone, Kangkang? -I've had it __________two months. It helpsme a lot. A.for B.since C.in D.on 4.Usually I make breakfast for my family __________ Saturdays. A.at B.in C.on D.to 5.I’m going out．I’ll be back __________ an hour. A.at B.on C.in D.from 考点二 方位介词 考点讲解 中考常考的方位介词有：in，at，on，around，before，in front of, between, behind, beside, near, under, above, below，next to，among，round等。 1．in，on与at的用法 in表示“在···里”时，暗示占去了某物的一部分；表示地点时，多指较大的地方。 on意为“在···之上”，表示与物体的表面有接触。 at表示地点时，多指较小的地方或某一点的具体位置。 He lives in Shanghai.他住在上海。 The English book is on the desk.英语书在桌子上。 We live at No．87 Beijing Road．我们住在北京路87号。 2．above，over，under与below的用法 （1）above指离开物体表面而在其上方，但不一定是正上方，反义词是below。 e.g. The bird is flying above my head，那只鸟在我头顶上飞。 I could hear voices in the courtyard below my window.我听到窗户下面的院子里有人在说话。 （2）over指垂直的上方，与under相对。over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。还可表示一物被另一物覆盖。 The bridge over the river has a long history. Write your name under your picture. 3．across，through与past的用法 （1）across表示从表面通过，动作是在某一物体的表面进行的。 Tom is swimming across the river. （2）through表示从某一空间内穿过，强调动作在某一物体的内部进行。 She smiled at him as he walked through the door. （3）past强调从某一物体的一旁经过。 She waved as she drove past. 4．between与among的用法 between用于两者之间或多者以上的两两之间，常用于结构“between...and...”。 among用于三者或三者以上之间。 I sat down between Sarah and Jane. She was the eldest among the three kids. 6.Anna is taller than me．She sits __________ me in the classroom. A.between B.from C.behind D.among 7.Han clothing is becoming more popular__________ young people. A.over B.among C.between D.about 8.-Taiwan lies __________ the southeast of China, and it is __________ the east of Fujian. -OK, I want to visit it someday. A.in;to B.on;to C.to;in D.to;on 9. -Where’s the People’s Park？ -Go along Gongyuan Road, turn right at the second crossing and it's__________ your left. A.on B.to C.at D.in 考点三 方式介词 考点讲解 by by＋表示交通工具的名词 He goes to school by bike. by＋v.-ing 形式，表示“通过···..方式” He leans English by listening to the radio.他通过听收音机学英语。 in: in+语言类名词或工具的具体类型 Please say it in Chinese.请用汉语说它。 on: on＋radio／TV通过收音机／电视 He listens to music on the radio.他通过收音机听音乐。 with表示“用”某种工具，身体的某一部位或器官 Cut the bag with the knife. 10.I often go to school _________ foot. A.in B.by C.on