ChapteroneIntroduction一定义1语言学LinguisticsLinguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage2普通语言学GeneralLinguisticsThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledGenerallinguistics3语言languageLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication语言是人类用来交际的任意性的有声符号体系4识别特征DesignFeaturesItreferstothedefiningpopertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication语言识别特征是指人类语言区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征Arbitrariness任意性Productivity多产性Duality双重性Displacement移位性Culturaltransmission文