人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三Unit 5 重点单词、短语及句式精讲，课文重点小结学案（含答案）.doc

Unit 5课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习 Part I 课文重点单词 1. basis n．基础；根据；基点 【例句】 The book was written on the basis of careful observations and detailed studies. 这本书是在仔细观察与细致研究的基础上撰写的。 We're going to meet there on a regular basis. 我们将定期在那里会面。 She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications. 她因资历适合而获选担任这项工作。 【归纳拓展】 (1) on the basis of在某事的基础上；根据某事 on a regular basis定期地，经常地 on a daily basis每天 (2) base n.基部，基础，基地；总部　vt.以……为基础；基地设在…… base...on/upon...使……以……为基础 be based on/upon以……为基础 air base空军基地 (3) basic adj.基本的；基础的；最初级的 basically adv.基本上；大体上；从根本上说 单句语法填空 ①______ the basis of those facts, we can reach the following conclusion. ②The book is based ______ a true story. ③There have been some problems but _____________(base) it's a good system. 2．apologize vi.道歉；谢罪 【例句】 I think you should apologize to your brother. 我觉得你应该给你弟弟赔个不是。 We apologize for the late departure of this flight. 本航班起飞延迟，谨致歉意。 I apologized to her for stepping on her foot carelessly. 我因不小心踩了她的脚而向她道歉。 【归纳拓展】 (1) apologize to sb.向某人道歉 apologize for doing sth.为做了某事道歉 apologize to sb. for doing sth.为做了某事向某人道歉 (2) apology n. [C]道歉；赔罪 make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse one's apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉 owe sb.an apology应向某人道歉 单句语法填空 ①I must make an ___________(apologize) to him for not going to his party. ②He smiled politely as Mary ______________(apology) for her drunken friends. ③She should apologize ______ her desk mate for her bad behaviour. 3. ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会 【例句】 I was walking near to wave, but he stood there, ignoring me. 我走近去和他招手，但他站在那里不理我。 You should not ignore your mistakes if you want to make greater progress. 你如果想取得更大的进步，就不应该忽视你的错误。 【归纳拓展】 ignore sb./sth.不理睬某人/不知道某事物 ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的 be ignorant of/about sth.不知道…… be ignorant that不知某事 ignorance n.无知；愚昧 be in ignorance of/about sth.不知道；对……无知 The workers were kept in complete ignorance of the company's financial situation. 公司对工人隐瞒财务状况，他们对财务的事情一无所知。 I'm afraid I'm rather ignorant about computers. 我恐怕对电脑一无所知。 单句语法填空 ①Excuse my _____________(ignore), but how does this machine work? ②He’s ignorant ___________ the dangers of too much sun. 4. judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断　n.法官；审判员；裁判员 【例句】 You should never judge a person by his look. 绝不要以貌取人。 Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 从他所说的来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。 As far as I can judge, it's wrong that he should not be punished for what he did. 据我判断，他的所作所为竟不受惩罚，这是不对的。 【归纳拓展】 (1) judging by/from从……判断 judge sb./sth.by/from从……来判断某人/某物 as far as I can judge据我判断；我认为 Judge a book by its cover.以貌取人。 (2) judgment(＝judgement) n．裁决；判决 make a judg(e) ment about对……作出判断 in one’s judgement在某人看来 【误区警示】 judging by/from...作状语时，是独立成分，不受主语的影响和限制。有类似用法的还有： generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说 considering(that)…考虑到……；鉴于…… providing/provided(that)…假如……；倘若…… 单句语法填空 ①___________(judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet. ②Judging __________ what you said, I’m afraid you are wrong. ③Many of the scientists and engineers _____________(judge) in terms of how great their achievements are. ④I’d prefer to reserve my ____________(judge) until I find all the evidence. ⑤Facing these strict __________(judge), the interviewee felt very nervous. ⑥______ her judgement, it was a wrong thing to give children so much pocket money. 5. scene n．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面；景色 【例句】 This play has three acts, and each act has three scenes. 这部剧分三幕，每一幕有三场。 Would you like to enjoy the scenes in the mountains with me? 你愿意与我一起欣赏山区的风光吗？ The scene in the hospital was very moving. 医院的那一场面十分感人。 【归纳拓展】 on the scene在现场；当场 behind the scenes在幕后；暗中 appear/come to the scene到场 【名师点津】 scene：表示“场景；场面；地点”，且在定语从句中作状语时，关系词一般用where引导。 view：多指从远处或高处等某个角度所看见的“景物；景致” scene：除表示“景物，景致”外，还有“场面”之意，大多包括人及人的活动在内 scenery: 指一个地区全部的自然景色，如高山、森林、溪谷等，是不可数名词 sight: 指人们游览观光的风景，尤指人文景观，也可指“情景；景象；视力” 写出下列句中scene的含义 ①While we were walking towards the scene, Tennyson became very worried about what had happened to the elderly couple.________ ②She stared at the lively street scene out of the window.________ ③The scene of the film reminded me of those happy days that we spent together in the countryside last summer holiday.________ 单句语法填空 ④This passage describes a scene ______ children’s playing in the snow. ⑤Doctors were ______ the scene soon after the traffic accident, helping the injured passengers. ⑥Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scene _________ people were eaten by the tiger. ⑦用scenery, scene, view和sight完成语段 Every year, plenty of people go to see the __________ of Beijing. This summer vacation my parents also decided to take me there. On the way to Beijing, we stopped our car again and again to enjoy the ___________. After arriving in Beijing, we lived at the 13th floor of a hotel from whose window we had a better ________ of the city. We did have a good time in Beijing. But on the way back home, we saw the _________ of an accident, so my mother and I kept reminding my father to drive with caution. 6. spot vt.看见；注意到；发现 n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹 【例句】 She said she spotted my wallet on a bus seat. 她说她在一个公共汽车座位上发现了我的钱包。 I spotted the differences between the two pictures. 我看了这两幅画的不同之处。 There was a big damp spot on the wall. 墙上有一大块水渍。 We ought to find out the views of the people on the spot. 我们应当了解一下在现场的那些人的看法。 【归纳拓展】 (1) spot sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事 (2) on the spot在现场；当场；立即 (3) spotted adj.有花点的；有斑点的 be spotted with满是……斑点 【名师点津】 spot用作先行词时，其后的定语从句通常用where引导。 写出下列句中spot的含义 ①Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove. ______________ ②I read through the first page of the book and spotted a spelling mistake. ________ ③Fortunately，a man made an offer to take him around the different spots. ______________ 单句语法填空 ④The police spotted him ___________(drive) a stolen car. ⑤He decided to provide the homeless with food for free ______ the spot. ⑥She wears a black skirt with some white _________(spot). 单句写作 ⑦I ____________________(发现她隐藏) the receipt in her handbag. ⑧The night sky _________________(满是……斑点) twinkling stars. 7. sort n．种类；类别 【例句】 What sort of music do you like best，pop or classical? 你喜欢哪种音乐——流行的还是古典的？ There are all sorts of activities for kids at the campsite. 在营地有为孩子们组织的各种各样的活动。 She sort of pretends that she doesn't really care. 她摆出一副并不真正在乎的样子。 【归纳拓展】 (1) all sorts of各种各样的 a sort of...(表示不十分准确)近似于……，有点像是…… sort of(＝kind of)有点，有几分(置于动词、形容词、副词之前) (2) sort vt.& vi.分类；整理 sort out分类；整理；解决；处理 sort...into把……整理成…… Quickly sort them all out. 快把它们分类拣出来。 I sorted the books into big ones and small ones. 我把这些书整理成大的和小的两类。 We must sort out the good apples from the bad. 咱们得把好苹果拣出来，同坏的分开。 【易混辨析】 sort: 指大体相似的东西，有时用于贬义判断 kind: 指同种类的东西 type: 指同类型的东西 species: 指同物种的东西 单句语法填空 ①To be honest, she spent a whole afternoon ___________(sort) out the green beans from the red ones. ②That made me feel sort ______ stupid. ③Rubbish can easily be separated and sorted ________ plastics, glass and paper. ④You can use the computer __________ the newspaper articles by date. 8. patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力 【例句】 She has been out of patience with his rudeness. 她已经对他的粗鲁忍无可忍了。 He walked so slowly that his brother lost patience with him. 他走得太慢，以至于他哥哥对他失去了耐心。 Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience. 无论什么时候我犯错，老师都耐心地指出来。 I don't have the patience to do jigsaw puzzles. 我没有耐性玩拼图游戏。 I had no patience with these naughty children. 我对这些淘气的孩子没有耐心了。 【归纳拓展】 (1) be out of patience with对……不能再忍受 have the patience to do sth.做某事有耐性 have/lose patience with对……有/失去耐心 单句语法填空 ①Fishing is a hobby which calls for a great deal of ____________ (patient), which I don't have. ②He has little patience ________ people who talk too much. ③She is patient with her ____________(patient)；she always looks after them _____________(patient). ④He was very ___________(patience) with students who could not follow him. 9. beneath adv.&prep.在(或往)……下面；在……的表面之下　 【例句】 Joe enjoyed feeling the warm sand beneath her feet. 乔很喜欢脚下踩着温暖沙子的感觉。 He was standing on the bridge looking at the river beneath. 他站在桥上，看着下面的河水。 【易混辨析】 beneath表示“在……正下方”，两者