2023年中考英语语法连系动词基本用法及分类.doc

2023年中考英语语法连系动词基本用法及分类 一、连系动词基本用法 连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词，它与其后的表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有be(是)，become(成为)，get(变成)，remain(还是)，seem(似乎是)，look(看上去)，feel(感觉)等。连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词，有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等： His English is excellent. 他的英语很棒。(跟形容词) He is a famous poet. 他是著名诗人。(跟名词) Money isn’t everything．金钱不是一切。(跟代词) She was the first to arrive．她是第一个到达的人。(跟数词) Who is upstairs? 谁在楼上？(跟副词) He is with his friends. 他和朋友在一起。(跟介词短语) He seems to be ill. 他似乎病了。(跟不定式) Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。(跟动名词) This is what you need. 这就是你需要的。(跟从句) 二、学习连系动词应注意的两点 1. 关于连系动词后接副词作表语 连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语，一般不接副词： 误：His English is very well. 他的英语很好。(应将well改为good) 误：Be carefully. 小心点。(应将carefully改为careful) 误：The soup tastes nicely. 这汤味道不错。(应将nicely改为nice) 但是，有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语，不过这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少数副词小品词以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词： Mother wasn’t in last night. 母亲昨晚不在家。 The meeting was over at five. 会议五点结束。 Come along. The taxi is outside. 来吧，出租车在外面。 Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母亲在楼下等你。 2. 关于连系动词后接不定式 (1) 连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语： My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。 All I could do was to wait. 我只能等。 My plan was to go from London to Paris. 我计划从伦敦去巴黎。 I was to have seen Mr Kay. 我本要去见凯先生的。 (2) seem, appear, prove, continue, turn out, get, grow, come 等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语： She always seems to be sad. 她常常显得很忧伤。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证明是错的。 She appears to have many friends. 他好像有很多朋友。 The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。 Circumstances continue to be favorable. 情况仍然是有利的。 He has grown to like studying English. 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。 【注】若所接不定式为to be，通常可以省略。不过，若其后接的是表语形容词，则to be通常不宜省略。另外，连系动词look后能否接to be似乎尚有争论，不过，在现代英语中接to be的现象已较普遍。 (3) sound, smell, feel, taste, become等连系动词后通常不能接不定式： 误：These oranges taste to be good. (应去掉to be) 误：The roses smell to be nice. (应去掉to be) (4) 有的连系动词后接的从句可用不定式来改写： It seems that she’s right. / She seems to be right. 她似乎是对的。 It appears that you have made a mistake. / You appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄错了。 三、英语连系动词的分类 1. 状态系 HYPERLINK "http://www.yingyuyufa.com/cixing/dongci/" \t "http://www.yingyuyufa.com/cixing/dongci/lianxi/_blank" 动词：只有be一词。如： She is always like that. 她总是那样。 I am used to going about alone. 我习惯于独来独往。 These shoes are too tight for me. 这双鞋我穿太小。 2. 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如： I hope you’ll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。 He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 The door remained closed. 门仍然关着。 We can remain friends. 我们可以继续做朋友。 Please stay seated. 请继续坐着。 He stayed single. 他仍然是单身。 3. 表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。 The doctor seemed very capable. 那医生似乎很能干。 He appeared quite well. 他显得身体相当好。 He appeared taken aback. 他似乎很吃惊。 She appeared perplexed. 她显得迷惑不解。 4. 感官系动词：表示“……起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等。如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。 He looks honest, but actually he’s a rogue. 他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。 They all look alike to me. 他们的模样我看起来都一样。 Everybody feels contented. 每个人都感到很满足。 Ice feels cold. 冰感觉起来是凉的。 Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。 It sounds a good idea. 这听起来是个好主意。 This food tastes good. 这菜好吃。 5.变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run如： （1）关于become和get become 和get主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。如： become [get] angry, famous, fat, ill, old, well, deaf, strong, etc 生气，成名，发胖，得病，变老，痊愈，变聋，变强，等 另外，become 和 get 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势： It’s becoming [getting] cold (dark, cloudy, etc). 天渐冷了(黑了，多云了等)。 Divorce is becoming [getting] more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。 （2）关于go和come go 和come表示变化时，前者主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化(可用于人或事物)，后者则主要指向好的方面变化。如： go bald (deaf, insane, etc) 发秃，变聋，发疯等。