英语毕业论文 翻译标准在歌词翻译上的体现.doc

Xx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文毕业论文TranslationCriteriaonLyricsTranslation学院外国语学院专业姓名指导老师英语学号职称二一一年五月Xx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文xx学院毕业论文诚信承诺书本人郑重承诺我所呈交的毕业论文TranslationCriteriaonLyricsTranslation是在指导教师的指导下独立开展研究取得的成果文中引用他人的观点和材料均在文后按顺序列出其参考文献论文使用的数据真实可靠承诺人签名日期年月日Xx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文ITranslationCriteriaonLyricsTranslationobstaclesXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文II翻译标准在歌词翻译上的体现摘要随着全球经济迅猛向前发展跨语言交际已成为时代发展不可或缺的标志音乐与我们的生活息息相关更为之润色使之多姿多彩而歌词正是歌曲的本意所在这使得中英歌词互译成为跨语言交际中一颗璀璨的明珠而然尽管整个时代对歌词翻译的需求白日化迄今为此真正关于歌词翻译的研究论著却是甚少关于各类翻译标准在歌词翻译上的研究更是寥寥无几由此可见中英文歌词翻译是较为时尚且颇具挑战性的课题通过翻译标准在歌词翻译上的体现这一论文使中英歌词互译得更美更妙更贴切更好地诠释了歌词无鸿沟音乐无国界本文在继承各位翻译界大师对于翻译标准以及歌词翻译的研究基础上以严复大师精髓的三字论信达雅作为住干线贯穿全文分析其在英译中与中译英歌词上的运用和体现关键词歌词翻译英汉汉英信达雅Xx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文IIICONTENTSI摘要II112cBackground44211ECLyricsTranslation4212CELyricsTranslation56AnalysisontheLyricsTranslationCriteria77311Sublimity7312FaithfulnessExpressivenessElegance89LTConLyricsTranslation1011411OnECLyricsTranslation11412OnCELyricsTranslation1315421OnECLyricsTranslation15422OnCELyricsTranslation1643Elegance17431OnECLyricsTranslation17432OnCELyricsTranslation19Conclusion20Bibliography21Acknowledgements22Xx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文IVXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文1Introduction11GeneralintroductionaboutECandCELyricsTranslationComposedandperformedformanypurposesrangingfromaestheticpleasurereligiousorceremonialpurposesorasanentertainmentproductforthemarketplacemusichasbecomeanindivisiblepartinourlifepastandpresentspreadingineverycorneroftheworldMusicisalsoalanguageanimportantbridgetoconnectpeopleallaroundtheworldthatswhywealwayshearthatthereisnonationalboundaryinmusicareaAsamajorformofmusicsongsareoneofthepopularshapesofartswhichsungbypeopleineveryconditionAmongthesongsChinesepeopleenjoytherearealwaysdifferenttypesoftranslationversionattractpeopleseyesalthoughsomuchdotheylikethesongtheycanhardlytellwhichoneisbettertotheoriginalwithpoorlanguageandcultureknowledgeoftheEnglishspeakingcountriesThesamefacttotheforeignChinesesongsloversChineseisoneofthehardestlanguagesintheworlditisdifficultforEnglishspeakerstolearnevenunderstandTothetwodifferenttypesofspeakerslyricstranslationhasbecomeanindispensablebridgeforthemtoenjoywonderfulsongstowardanotherItisofparamountimportancetounderstandingtowardcountrytocountryJustastheabovementionedmusicaslanguageisalsoanimportantmediatocommunicationwithforeignpeopleAsthedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomyaswellastheglobalizationofcivilizationtheworldisbecomingsmallerandsmallerturningtobeaglobalvillageWhateverEnglishsongstranslationorChinesesongstranslationtheyareofequalimportancepoorqualityofthesongtranslatedwillmisconductpeopleforunderstandingtheoriginalaswellasthecultureofothercountriesThereforeinthiserawhichoverflowsallkindsofinformationwecanhardlydistinguishthebetteroneLyricstranslationinourcountryisnotaburgeoningissueOveraperiodoftimesChinesehavesuccessfullyabsorbedmusicandsongsfromothernationssuchasRussiaAmericanBritainFranceJapanetcAsamatteroffactChinaboastsalonghistoryofputtingEnglishsongsintoChineseThehistoryofwhichdatesbacktothesunsetofQingDynastyprosperousandfallingtosomeextendithasbeenignoredintranslationfieldforalongtimeTheExplorationandPracticeinTranslationofSongsbyXueFanin2002isthefirstcompleteworktointroducesonglyricstranslationsystematicallyandacademicallywhichplaysanimportantroleinsonglyricstranslationhelpingbothXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文2songstranslatorsandmusicloversbetterenjoymusicHowevernomatterEnglishsongtranslationorChinesesongtranslationtheworksoressaysaboutthemarejustafewThatiswhyXueFaneversaidAftermydeadthesongtranslationofournationwillrunintoemptyChenFortheimportanceofbothEnglishlyricstranslationandChineselyricstranslationthispaperistoanalysethelyricstranslationwiththethreeprinciplescreatedbyYanFuXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文3appdssystematicnesssystematicnessForthesecondpartmanycriteriaontranslationinournationwillbediscussedfromallthecriteriaonemainlineisobvioustheyareXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文4AcademicBackground21CurrentsituationinLyricsTranslationofECandCEChinesesongstranslationofrecent100yearswrittenbyHeGaodaandChenShuipingin2009hasmadeabriefconclusiontothecurrentsituationofsongtranslationinourcountryThatssixmoreandsixlessMoreforforeignoriginalsongswhilelesstranslatedintoChinesemoreforthepersonswholearntosingforeignsongswhilelessforbeingengagedinsongtranslationforeignlanguagestoChinesemoreChinesetoforeignoneslessthetranslationworksofWesternpopularsongsmorewhiletheonesofdiversificationandmultiethniclessmorelyricstranslationlesssongstranslationmorefortheworksofsongtranslationwhilelesscanbesungChenampHe20094546211ECLyricsTranslationFromtheChinesetranslationhistorywecangetthatduringtheover100hundredyearsofsongtranslationafewresearchesstudiespapersaswellasworksonsongtranslationarejustaverysmallpointtowardtranslationsothesongtranslationisandthelyricstranslationisevenworsethoughcomparedwithChineselyricstranslationmoreessaysareaboutEnglishlyricshoweveritisalsofarawayfromenoughTherearesomefruitfulachievementsinthestudyofforeignsongsChineseversionsofhundredsofsonglyricscanbefoundeasilyallaroundourcountryhencesomefamouscollectionsofforeignsongstranslationhavebeenpublishedsuchasFamousForeignSongsCollection1982FamousForeignSongs201201首1987Classicsongsoftheworldmovies5001996ChineseLyricsEnglishSongsTranslation10001000首2009OfcourseitisnodoubtthatthesegreatachievementscantbedonewithoutthehardworkingoftheremarkablepersonssuchasShenXingongLiShutongZhongLiminQianRenkangXueFanetcJustastheabovementionedthoughtherearesomeworksandstudiesaboutEnglishsongtranslationhoweverthecurrentcircumstancesisalittlebitdepressingwiththeincreasingexcellentEnglishsongscomingintoourearsweareurgenttogetbettersonglyricstounderstandthesewonderfulEnglishsongsDemandsdecideprovisionsXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文5atthismomentwehavelargeneedinthegoodChineselyricsbutjustfewcaterforourneedsItisnotabalancerelationshiphencemysenseofresponsibilitytotheEnglishsongloversaswellasmycrazylovetowardmusicencouragemetodomyfavortostudylyricstranslationinmyGraduationthesis212CELyricsTranslationForthepresentsituationofEnglishChineseTranslationmostpeoplesaythetranslationworksarefarfromperfectHoweverwhenmovetoChineseEnglishoneIfeelsadwithnothingtosayWhensearchingonlinetypingthekeywordsbothinChineseandEnglishlikeChineseEnglishlyricstranslationChineseEnglishsongtranslationyouwillgetinformationaboutitonlyafewarticlesaboutsomesongstranslationworksforexample红豆byFayeWong青花瓷byJayChou最初的梦想byFanFanetcAllthesearepopularsingersandclassicpopularsongsinourlandbutmosttranslationscholarspaymostoftheirattentiontostudyEnglishsongstranslationtalkmuchabouthowwecanachieveexcellenttranslatedtextsoftheEnglishsongsAsfortheessaysonChineseEnglishlyricstranslationIjustcanrefertoquitefewessaystalkingabouthowtotranslateChineselyricsintoEnglishmoresystematicallyandrhetoricallysuchasTostudyChineseEnglishLyricsTranslationbasesonChineseWesternCulturalDifferencesbyLuMingyuin2009AnalysisonthestrategyofChineseEnglishsongtranslationbyQingBingrongandAnJingin2010XuefanistheearliestancestorinEnglishChinesetranslationfieldandhemadegreatachievementstonationcauseoftranslationwhoistodeveloptheChineseEnglishlyricstranslationHowdothesefewtranslatedworkssatisfypeoplesneedItisalongwaytogoHenceImwritingthispapertodomylittlepoweronitTheseyearsChinameetsagreatmanyopportunitiestodevelopitselfaswellasthelyricstranslationalotoffamousworldeventshadbeenheldinChinamakingChinaattracteyesfromglobalsuchasTheBeijingOlympicGamesin2008ShanghaiExpo2010aswellasGuangzhouAsianGamesAllthesebigeventsputChinainfrontoftheworldandnotonlyChinesepeoplethesametoeveryaspectofournationisreceivinghighfocusfromtheglobalUndersuchsituationcommunicationneedstobeintensiveinotherwordsitisagoldenperiodforlyricstranslationtodevelopforitisXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文6animportantchanneltocommunicateBesidesbigeventswiththefrequentcooperationoftheinternationaleconomyglobalizationgoesfurtherandfurtherunderthisbackgroundcultureexchangesbecomeanobviousthingeverynationwanttointroducethemselvestotheothersandalsohopetoabsorbessencefromthemForthevarietyofculturelanguageunderstandingisandifficultbarrierSothelyricstranslationalsotakessuchchancetodevelopXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文7AnalysisontheLyricsTranslationCriteriaThemasteryoflanguageisnoteasyandrequirespainstakingeffortTang2008ThatisforsurethinkingovertranslationisnoteasyforittodissociatebetweentwolanguagesEnglishandChinesethuslyricstranslationisevenmorechallengeTotranslateittranslatorsnotonlybaseontranslationcriteriabutitscharacteristicaswellThefollowingpartofthisthepaperwillintegrateitscharacteristicsintotranslationprinciplesothatwecanbetterunderstandlyricstranslation31AnalysisonTranslationCriteria311SublimityTheabovehadtalkedmuchabouttranslationcriteriasohowcanwefindanavailablecriterioninlyricstranslationByreviewingsomeproposalsofthetranslatorswemayfinallygetaprincipallineofitMrQianZhongshuholdsthatthehigheststandardsforliterarytranslationissublimitywhichmeansitwontrevealstiffandfarfetchedmarkforthedifferenceofChinesecustomatthesametimetheoriginalflavorwillbecompletelykeptTheversionshouldbefaithfulenoughsoastoreadmorethanversioncomparedtotheoriginalworkBecauseworksintheoriginalwillnottoreadasithaseverbeentranslatedTranslatedbyLinShuQian199954TherestmaybededucedbyanalogyinotherwordsthehigheststandardforsongtranslationisthetranslatedlyricscanentirelymaintaintheoriginalflavoraswellasitwontbesungasistranslatedThetidemarkofsongtranslationputforwardbyXueFanisjustalmostthesamewithZhongssublimityJustastheforeignmusicianstocomposesongsdirectlyonChineselyricsXue20021820ThatistosaythehigheststandardforliterarytranslationorarttranslationistoremainfaithfultotheoriginalandnotranslatedmarkcanbefoundXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文8312FaithfulnessExpressivenessEleganceAlthoughsublimitypointsoutthetiptopideaoftranslationyetitseemstoogeneralastranslationcriteriaforitcannotdomuchhelpwhilepractisingAsaresultmorescholarsturntosomeoperableprincipleshoweverwalkingbackandforththeyhaveneverbeenabletoforsakeACourseinEnglishChineseTranslationAllthesetheoriescannotseparatefromthethreecharacterprimerofYaFuNowletshavearoughunderstandingofitTheThreecharacterpremerXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文932AconclusiontotheLyricsTranslationCriteriaLTCThecriteriaoflyricstranslationalmostequalstothecriteriaoftranslationtheformerismorespecificwhilethelatterismoregeneralasitisthemainlineofallthetranslationContinuetouseThirdlyastotheprincipleofEleganceandmetricalInthefollowinganalysisthesethreeprincipleswillbeadheredtotheexamplesbothinECandCElyricstranslationXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文10LTConLyricsTranslationCriteriacomesoutdifferentlytobetterunderstandhowCriteriaintheECandCElyricstranslationthelanguagefeaturesforbothChineseandEnglishlyricsshouldbeknownaboutatfirstXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文11BetteMidlerSomesayloveitisariverthatdrownsthetenderreedforexampleIsawaversioncomefromanunknownperson有人说爱是淹没在温柔芦苇中的小河ItiswithoutanydoubtthatIthaschangedtheinitiativesentenceoforiginalEnglishintothepassivesentenceoftargetChineseThemeaningofthissentenceinthislyricsshouldbe有人说爱是条河容易将柔弱的芦苇淹没butnot爱被淹没在小河中HenceinthefirsttranslatedsentencethemeaningitconveysisnottheonetheoriginalwantstoexpressitmisunderstandsthesentencesoitisntfaithfultotheoriginallyricistaswellasthetargetsingersForthelatteroneitgetstherealmeaningofthelyricswhetheritisagoodtranslatedsentenceornotitdoesobeytheprincipleoffaithfulnessExampleTheSoundofMusichasmadethechildrenssongDoReMifamoussoonafterwardsvarietyversionsinChinesecomeoutToselectedonepartofXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文12ittolookoveritonfaithfulnesspointDoeadeerafemaledeerRayadropofgoldensunMeanameIcallmyselfFaralonglongwaytorunSewaneedlepullingthreadLaanotetofollowSewTeaadrinkwithjamandbreadTwoofthefamousversions1哆是一只小母鹿来是一束金阳光咪是称呼我自己发是路程远又长索是穿针又引线拉就跟在索后面梯是茶点味道香2Do好朋友多呀多Re来来呀来唱歌Mi他脸上笑眯眯Fa要发出光和热So能栓住门和窗La是用来往回拖Xi那太阳往西落TomanypeopleDoReMiiseasytounderstandforthewordsusedarepopularandeasytounderstandHoweverthetwopopularversionsinourcountryseemstoodifferentdotheyalladheretofaithfulnessComparingversiontwomorepeopledofavourfortheformerbecauseversiononelooksmoredirectlylinktotheoriginalforitchoosestheliteraltranslationanditshowsgreatrespecttooriginalaswellasfaithfulForthesecondversionatmyfirstsiteofitIalmostthinkitisnothingtodowiththeoriginaloneandhowcanwesayitisaversionwhichbasesonfaithfulnessHoweveritdoesalthoughthisversiondoesnttranslateitwordbywordsyetforthewholeitisfaithfultothetargetChinesechildrenbecauseitismoreacceptabletothechildrensingersHenceagoodversionnomatteritisaliteraltranslationoneorfreetranslationoneitwilldirectlyorindirectlyshowingitsfaithfulnessXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文13Example1幽兰操isafamoussongchangedfromanancientChineseprosewrittenbyHanYuwhichsungbyFayeWongAtmyfirstsightofthesongIcantexactlycatchitsmeaningalthoughImChineseThelyricsareasfollow兰之猗猗扬扬其香不採而佩于兰何伤今天之旋其曷为然我行四方以日以年ItseemsthatthelyricsisalittlebitprofoundaftersearchingfromnetaswellasaskingsomeknowledgeablepeopleIalmostgettheideaitdescribessuchsceneWhiletheorchidisblossomingitsfragranceanywhereifnoonetopickitupthereisnoharmtoitThroughthissighttheauthorregardshimselfastheorchidtoshowthathecankeephisambitionandvirtueunderbadsituationByunderstandingtheChinesemeaningtheEnglishonecanbetranslatedinaloyalwaydespitewhetheritisanelegantoneAnEnglishversionisasareferenceTheorchidisflourishingitsfragrancespreadsIfnooneplucksonetowearithowcouldthatharmtheorchidXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文14MycomingbacktodaywhocauseditIhavebeentravelingeverywhereforyearsonendAsthepointmentionedbeforetounderstandChinesefirstistoguaranteethequalityoftheversionExample2IfnotfullyunderstandtheChineselyricsitmaybethetargetgroupspuzzleLikeasentenceinawellknownsongofChina青春舞曲我的青春小鸟一去不回来inthissentencemetaphorisusingifthetranslatormisunderstandtheimpliedmeaningofwhichitmaybetranslatedlikeMylittleyoungbirdisgoneneverbackThusandthustheoriginalmeaningwhichistheyouthnevercomesbackherereallyturntobemybirdatruebirdneverbackThereforethelittlebirdshouldbeembodimenttotranslateitintotimewillpassusbyoryouthisgoneneverbackisok42Expressiveness421OnECLyricsTranslationBeingdifferentfromEnglishChinesecultureismoreextensiveandprofoundflexibleinstylesandwordsIdiomprosewrittenintheclassicalliterarystyleproverbetcallthesefeaturesmakeChinesevividinexpressivenessTotranslateEnglishlyricsintoChineseonewithoutanymarkmeanwhiletoassurethetranslatedsentencessmoothlyinExample1InthesongofBreakingFreeForthelyricsTheresnotastarinheaventhatwecantreachwhenseeingmanyversionsofthissongtranslateditlike天堂中没有我们不能摘下的星or天堂里每一颗星星我们都可以摘下IwasquiteawkwardForthatthetranslatorsdounderstandthemeaningofthesentencebutmisunderstandthewordofheavenheavennotonlymeans天堂inChinesebutalso天空FromChineseview星星and天空goesforthebestpairsitseemsquitestrangetosay天堂里的星星soinmanypeopleseyesthesetranslationisnotsmoothThebetteroneIXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文15considertobe天空群星璀璨而我们无所不及thisoneismoreflexibleandsmoothlyAnothersentenceinthissongTillwereseparateheartsfromthepointofexpressivenessthefollowingtranslatedsentencesareallacceptable知道我俩的心分开直到我们彼此分离哪怕时间讲我们的心分离HoweversometranslatedsentencesareseparatedfromlogicappearingtoostiffaswellasnotsuitabletoChineselanguageusingjustlike在心脏分开之前ItseemstobealittlebitbloodythisoneAsaresultexpressivenessistargetingtotheversionwhichmeanstomaketheChineseversionsmoothtocomplywiththeChineselanguagehabitstomakeawellsingingeffectExample2ActuallymostofversioncanbaseontheoriginalsomeeventranslatedasexcellentastheoriginalNotonlytokeepthemeaningwellaswellasthestyleNowletsenjoyoneofthemanAmericansongDonnaDonnaTheoriginalAwagonboundformarketTheresacalfwithamournfuleyeHighabovehimtheresaswallowwingingswiftlythroughtheskyHowthewindsarelaughingTheylaughwithalltheirmightExcellentversion有只小牛满脸忧伤被车运到市场有只燕子在它上面轻快飞翔在天空上风儿正在狂笑那笑声真响亮ThemeaningofthissongiseasytogetanunluckycalfisweepingforitsfatewhileahappyswallowissingingforitsfreeThetranslatorhasexpressedtheoriginallyricsquitesmoothlycomparingcalfssadnesswithswallowshappinessThesmoothnesshassuccessfullymadeinsentenceslogicimageaswellasstyleSuchsentenceslike风儿正在狂笑complycloselywithourlanguageusingcustomHencethiseditionoftranslationfullydescribesexpressivenessXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文16爱我中华五十六个星座五十六朵花五十六个兄弟姐妹是一家五十六种语言汇成一句话爱我中华爱我中华爱我中华Example2SincesomephrasearefullofnationalfeaturesforeignerscantunderstandifhaventgotclearstudyofChineseSuchlikethefirstlineof红豆sungbyFayeWong还Xx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文17没好好的感受雪花绽放的气候FromwhereIstandabetterexpressiveversionis雪花绽放EverynightinmydreamsIseeyouIfeelyouthatishowIknowyougoonFaracrossthedistanceandspacesbetweenusyouhavecometoshowyougoon夜夜在我梦中见到你感觉你我的心仍为你悸动穿越层层时空随着风入我梦Xx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文18你的心从未曾不同TheOriginalsingshowthedeepestlovebetweensweetheartscreatinganaestheticalbutsadprospecttosingersWhenwesingwefeelmoveasifweweretheresufferingdepartGenerallytranslatedtextishardlytoreachthesameartisticconceptionbuttheversionbyChenDaomingdoesHismanagementofwordsaswellastheconstructionofimageisevenbetterthantheoriginalonefrommypointofviewSuchlike穿越层层时空随着风入我梦andsoontheseareperfecteffectwhichreachingtheappreciationofthebeautyofChinesestandardwhilecreatingSurpassdeliveringtheideaoftheoriginalthetranslatortobeautifythelyricsfromsomeaspectssuchastheoperationofwordsrhythmartisticconceptionetcThereforethisoneisnotonlysingablebutalsofullofappreciationmakingelegancefullyreflectonit432OnCELyricsTranslation这是和谐世界是你我永远的心愿和谐世界心愿Xx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文19和谐世界同一个梦想麦伦北京欢迎你好运在中国你的目光点亮奥林匹克点亮了我中国中国爱我中华Xx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文20参考文献Xx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文21NidaEampJinDiOnTranslationMBeijing1984SunFengtianAstudyofEnglishChineseLyricsTranslationD20042325ZhaoSheExplorationofMoonSystemofEnglishLoveSongLyricsandItsInterpersonsalFuntionD20072930httpsearchcnkicomcnSearchaspxqauthor安静httpsearchcnkicomcnSearchaspxqauthor秦冰融安静秦冰融中文歌曲英译策略之解析J大学英语学术版2010年第2期104108陈蕙茹外国歌曲翻译后继无人N成都日报第787期陈梦莉小译英文歌曲的汉译N三明高等专科学校学报2001年第18卷第1期冯小瑞英语歌词翻译策略研究大众文艺年第期何高大陈水平中国歌曲翻译之百年回眸名作欣赏2009年24期46胡凤华歌曲译配与歌曲翻译辨安徽大学学报哲学社会科学版2007李程歌词的英汉翻译J中国翻译2002年02期穆乐对歌词英汉翻译的几点说明J黄河之声200钱仁康谈歌词的翻译J音乐艺术1999年第4期54司景方孙美玮英文歌曲翻译的必要和难度J菏泽医学专科学校学报2007年04期宿雅然影响汉英翻译选词的语境因素研究D延边大学2009年唐静歌词翻译的基本素养杨波英文经典歌曲精选深圳海天出版社薛范歌曲翻译的历程J音乐研究季刊2009年第3期1518薛范歌曲翻译探索与实践武汉湖北教育出版社AcknowledgementsMysupervisorMissLaiZhengyingdeservesthefirstplacesinceshehascontributedalottomythesisandshowedremarkingpatienceAllthebrainstormingdiscussionsdebateswillbeagoodmemoryofminenottomentionthoseinterestingtopicscleverideasandsillymistakesBesidestherelationshipofthesupervisorMissLaiXx学院2011届本科生毕业设计论文22alsoagoodfriendofmineIcanlearnmanyusefulthingsfromheraswellasgettingfunImquiteappreciatingtobeoneofyourstudentsandtheoneyouarealwaystakingcareofsinceweknoweachotherAndoneparticularthankgoestoMrYangHuamingalwayshelpingmesolveproblemsandIalsolearnalotfromhimGreatthankstomydearparentsItismyparentswhogivemegreatcomfortwhenIwasattheendofmyropeduringthepaperwritingitismyparentswhosharethehappinesswithmewhenImanagedtocompletethepaperItisalsomyparentswhostandbesidesmeallthetimetosupportmeencouragemeandlovemeManythankstomysincereroommatesCrisSundyandJoyceforyoualwayssupportmeSpecialthinkstomygoodfriendsCherryKinderwhoalwayshelpmetoinspireideasanddiscusswithmeBesidesthankstomylovelygroupmatesforgivingmeusefuladviceLastbutnotleastIwouldliketothankalltheaudienceofmypresentationsalsotheexaminersofmypaperThankyouforyourgreatpatienceThankyouforyourfairjudgment