北京高考英语阅读理解专项训练（Word版含答案）.doc

阅读理解Googleplacedanengineeronpaidleaverecentlyafterdismissinghisclaimthatitsartificialintelligenceissentient有感知力的surfacingyetanotherdebateaboutthecompanysmostadvancedtechnologyBlakeLemoineaseniorsoftwareengineerinGooglesResponsibleAIorganizationsaidinaninterviewthathewasputonleaveMondayThecompanyshumanresourcesdepartmentsaidhehadviolatedGooglesconfidentialitypolicyThedaybeforehissuspensionMrLemoinesaidhehandedoverdocumentstoaUSsenatorsofficeclaimingtheyprovidedevidencethatGoogleanditstechnologyengagedinreligiousdiscriminationGooglesaidthatitssystemsimitatedconversationalexchangesandcouldriff即兴重复ondifferenttopicsbutdidnothaveconsciousnessOurteamincludingethicistsandtechnologistshasreviewedBlakesconcernsperourAIPrinciplesandhaveinformedhimthattheevidencedoesnotsupporthisclaimsBrianGabrielaGooglespokesmansaidinastatementSomeinthebroaderAIcommunityareconsideringthelongtermpossibilityofsentientorgeneralAIbutitdoesntmakesensetodosobyanthropomorphizing人格化todaysconversationalmodelswhicharenotsentientTheWashingtonPostfirstreportedMrLemoinessuspensionFormonthsMrLemoinehadarguedwithGooglemanagersexecutivesandhumanresourcesoverhissurprisingclaimthatthecompanysLanguageModelforDialogueApplicationsorLaMDAhadconsciousnessandasoulGooglesayshundredsofitsresearchersandengineershaveconversedwithLaMDAaninternaltoolandreachedadifferentconclusionthanMrLemoinedidMostAIexpertsbelievetheindustryisaverylongwayfromcomputingsentienceMrLemoineamilitaryveteranwhohasdescribedhimselfasapriestanexconvict服刑囚犯andanAIresearchertoldGoogleexecutivesasseniorasKentWalkerthepresidentofglobalaffairsthathebelievedLaMDAwasachildof7or8yearsoldHewantedthecompanytoseekthecomputerprogramsagreementbeforerunningexperimentsonitHisclaimswerefoundedonhisreligiousbeliefswhichhesaidthecompanyshumanresourcesdepartmentdiscriminatedagainstTheyhaverepeatedlyquestionedmysanity精神健全MrLemoinesaidTheysaidHaveyoubeencheckedoutbyapsychiatristrecentlyInthemonthsbeforehewasplacedonadministrativeleavethecompanyhadsuggestedhetakeamentalhealthleaveYannLeCuntheheadofAIresearchatMetaandakeyfigureintheriseofneuralnetworkssaidinaninterviewthisweekthatthesetypesofsystemsarenotpowerfulenoughtoattaintrueintelligence1WhydidGoogleplaceBlakeLemoineonpaidleaveABecausehewasengagedinreligiousdiscriminationBBecauseheclaimedartificialintelligencemayhaveconsciousnessCBecausehehadpotentialmentalissuesandrefusedtoaccepttreatmentsDBecausehehadleakedmaterialstogovernmentofficialswithoutpermission2WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightMrLemoineagreewithmostATodaysAIsystemsareunlikelytoobtaintrueintelligenceBLaMDAhadconsciousnessandasoullikeanaveragepersonCGooglehasdiscriminationagainstitsemployeesreligiousbeliefDHisclaimonAIsintelligencewasbasedonsolidscientificstudy3WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageAGoogledecidedtodismissMrLemoineforhisbeinginsaneBGooglerefusedtoaskforLaMDAspermissionbeforeexperimentingonitCExpertsintheAIcommunitydeniedtheprospectthatAIcouldbesentientDGooglespresidentofglobalaffairssuggestedMrLemoinetakeamentalhealthleave4WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutAGooglessoftwareengineerclaimsitsAImodelLaMDAisconsciousBGooglemaintainsitsAIcannotowntrueintelligencedespitedisagreementsCGooglesuspendsoneofitsengineerswhoclaimeditsAIhadconsciousnessDGooglesnewinitiativearousesthecontroversyoveritsadvancedtechnologyJoinReadWithMCMarieClairesVirtualWomensMonthlyBookClubExchangingtheideasofreadingcanbeexcitingButbetweenbusyschedulesandtheproblemslifethrowsatusitsnotsoeasytomakeittoabookclubregularlyThatswhywevecomeupwithawayforyoutogetsomemuchneededreadingdoneonyourowntimeandmeetsomenewfriendsalongthewaystraightfromyourcouchWhatisReadWithMCReadWithMCisanonlinemonthlybookclubcreatedbytheMarieClaireeditorsWellpickabookyoullreaditThenwellcurateacollectionofhonestauthenticreviewsandrecommendationsfromyouandotherReadWithMCparticipantsandpublishthemonthesiteHowdoIparticipateBuythebookthenstartreadingwithusonthe1storbeforeifyouwanttogetalittleheadstartSubmityourreviewsonTwitterorInstagrambythe28thwiththehashtag话题标签ReadWithMCtopotentiallyhaveyourreviewfeaturedonthesiteYoucansubmityourreviewviayourTwitterorInstagramaccountbutitmustbeapubliconeratherthanaprivateoneforustoseethehashtagandhaveitconsideredforthesiteOryoucansimplyleaveyourreviewononeofourReadWithMCInstagrampostsYourreviewsmaybecondensedandeditedforclarityandwillbechosenbasedoncontentandvolumeIfyousubmitareviewwiththehashtagReadWithMCyouagreetobeconsideredforinclusioninacollectionofreviewsonthesiteOnlyreviewssubmittedbythe28thofeachmonthwillbeconsideredWhattypeofbookswillwereadinthefutureWewillbereadingrelativelynewbooksiebookspublishedwithinthepastfewmonthsmostwillbenovelsbutsomemaybememoirsoressaycollectionsNomatterwhatweguaranteetheyllmakeyoulaughsmilecryoralloftheaboveWhenwillthenextbookbeannouncedStartingJanuary1wellbereadingTheNightSheDisappearedbyLisaJewellFebruarysbookwillbeannouncedonJanuary25soyoullhaveenoughtimetopurchasethebookbeforethereadingbeginsonthe1st5MarieClairesvirtualwomensbookclubwassetuptoAencourageonlinereadingBfacilit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midceilingandanoverlytightpolyestercapGrowthcanonlybeachievedbydefyingpersonallimitsandbreakingfreefromcomfortzonesThisisnotalwaysaglamorousprocessbutitalwaysbringsyouclosertoanewandimprovedversionofyourself11HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutherlifeinherhostfamilyAShefeltsomehowuneasytobetakengoodcareofBShefeltfreeandcoulddowhatevershelikedCShefeltgoodaboutherhighfamilystatusDShefeltstressedlikelivinginabox12WhatmadetheauthorjointheschoolsswimteamAHerexperienceinswimmingBHerdesiretochallengeherselfCHerspiritofperseveranceDHerinterestinwatersports13TheauthorthoughtthatherachievementinswimmingAmadeheroutstandingBmadeherseeherlimitsCwasnotabigdealDwashercouragetocompete14WhatcanweconcludefromthispassageAChangeisabrilliantopportunitytogrowBSelfassuranceistwothirdsofsuccessCFromfailuretosuccessisalongroadDWelearnthingsbydoingthemIhadanexperiencesomeyearsagowhichtaughtmesomethingaboutthewaysinwhichpeoplemakeabadsituationworsebyblamingthemselvesOneJanuaryIhadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfortwoelderlywomeninmycommunityBothhaddiedfullofyearsaspeoplebelievebothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllifeTheirhomeshappenedtobeneareachothersoIpaidcondolence吊唁callsonthetwofamiliesonthesameafternoonAtthefirsthomethesonofthedeceased已故的womansaidtomeIfonlyIhadsentmymothertoFloridaandgottenheroutofthiscoldandsnowshewouldbealivetodayItsmyfaultthatshediedAtthesecondhomethesonoftheotherdeceasedwomansaidIfonlyIhadntinsistedonmymothersgoingtoFloridashewouldbealivetodayThatlongairplaneridetheabruptchangeofclimatewasmorethanshecouldtakeItsmyfaultthatshesdeadWhenthingsdontturnoutaswewouldlikethemtoitisverytemptingtoassumethathadwedonethingsdifferentlythestorywouldhavehadahappierendingAnytimethereisadeaththesurvivorswillfeelguiltyBecausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadlytheybelievethattheoppositecoursekeepingMotherathomeandpostponingtheoperationwouldhaveturnedoutbetterAfterallhowcouldithaveturnedoutanyworseThereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguiltyThefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessensethatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappensThatleadsustofindpatternsandconnectionsbothwheretheyreallyexistandwheretheyexistonlyinourmindsThesecondelementisthenotionthatwearethecauseofwhathappensespeciallythebadthingsthathappenItseemstobeashortstepfrombelievingthateveryeventhasacausetobelievingthateverydisasterisourfaultTherootsofthisfeelingmaylieinourchildhoodPsychologistsspeakoftheinfantilemythofomnipotence万能AbabycomestothinkthattheworldexiststomeethisneedsandthathemakeseverythinghappeninitHewakesupinthemorningandsummonstherestoftheworldtoitstasksHecriesandsomeonecomestoattendtohimWhenheishungrypeoplefeedhimandwhenheiswetpeoplechangehimVeryoftenwedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen15WhatissaidaboutthetwodeceasedelderlywomenATheylivedoutanaturallifeBTheydiedofexhaustionafterthelongplanerideCTheywerentaccustomedtothechangeinweatherDTheydiedduetolackofcarebyfamilymembers16PeoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirlovedonesbecauseAtheycouldntfindabetterwaytoexpresstheirgriefBtheybelievethattheywereresponsibleCtheyhadneglectedthenaturalcourseofeventsDtheydidntknowthingsoftenturnoutintheoppositedirection17PeoplehavebeenmadetobelievesinceinfancythatAeverybodyisattheircommandBlifeanddeathisanunsolvedmysteryCeverystoryshouldhaveahappyendingDtheirwishesarethecauseofeverythingthathappensPeopleinmanycountriesarelongingforthegoodolddaysWhenaskediflifeintheircountryisbetterorworsetodaythanitwas50yearsago31ofBritons41ofAmericansand46oftheFrenchsayitsworsePsychologistssaythiskindofnostalgia怀旧isnaturalandsometimesevenusefulIthelpsgiveusasenseofstabilityandpredictabilityButwhenexactlywerethegoodolddaysPodcasterJasonFeiferdevotedanepisodeofhisprogramtothisquestionThemostpopularanswerseemedtobethe1950sInfactmanyinthe1950sthoughtthatthegoodolddaysweretobefoundagenerationearlierinthe1920sButinthe1920schildpsychologistJohnWatsonwarnedthatbecauseofincreasingdivorceratestheAmericanfamilywouldsoonceasetoexistManypeopleatthetimeidealizedtheVictorianerawhenfamilieswerestrongandchildrenrespectedtheireldersPeoplehavebeenlongingforthegoodolddaysatleastsincetheinventionofwriting5000yearsagoScientistshavediscoveredtablets碑whichcomplainthatfamilylifeisntwhatitusedtobeWhyarehumanbeingsalwayssonostalgicforpasterasthatseemeddifficultanddangeroustothosewholivedthroughthemOnepossibilityisthatweknowwesurvivedpastdangerssotheyseemsmallernowButwecanneverbecertainwewillsolvetheproblemswearefacingtodayRadiodidntruintheyoungergenerationbutmaybethesmartphonewillAnotherreasonisthathistoricalnostalgiaisoftencoloredbypersonalnostalgiaWhenwerethegoodolddaysWasitbychancetheincrediblyshortperiodwhenyouhappenedtobeyoungAUSpollfoundthatpeopleborninthe1930sand1940sthoughtthe1950swasAmericasbestdecadewhilethoseborninthe1960sand1970spreferredthe1980sThiskindofnostalgiahasneurologicalrootsResearchershavefoundthatweencodemorememoriesduringadolescenceandearlyadulthoodthananyotherperiodofourlivesandwhenwethinkaboutthepastthisistheperiodwemostoftenreturntoMoreoveraswegrowmoredistantfrompasteventswetendtorememberthemmorepositivelyObviouslysomethingsreallywerebetterinthepastButourinstinctivenostalgiaforthegoodolddayscaneasilydeceiveuswithdangerousconsequencesLongingforthepastandfearofthefutureinhibittheexperimentsandinnovationsthatdriveprogressAsinventorWilliamPettyobservedWhenanewinventionisfirstproposedinthebeginningeverymanobjectsnotoneinventorofahundredoutlivesthistorture苦难PettywasrightVaccinationsteamenginesrailroadsandelectricityallmetwithstrongresistancewhentheywerefirstintroducedThepointisnttoshowhowsillypreviousgenerationswereThesamekindsofanxietieshavebeenexpressedinourowntimeaboutinnovationsliketheinternetvideogamesandstemcellresearchAndnotallfearsaboutthefutureareunfoundedNewtechnologiesdoresultinaccidentstheydisturbtraditionalculturesandhabitsandtheydestroyoldjobswhilecreatingnewonesButtheonlywaytolearnhowtomakethebestuseofnewtechnologiesandreducerisksisbytrialanderrorThefuturewontbeperfectbutneitherwerethegoodolddays18AccordingtothepassagethegoodolddaysAwerebelievedtobethe1920sbymostAmericansBhavebeenlongedforsincesteamengineswereinventedCareusuallyunderstooddifferentlybydifferentgenerationsDwerethoughttobetheVictorianerabypeopleinthe1950s19WhatcanbeinferredfromthelastthreeparagraphsAThecurrentgenerationisnotassillyasthepreviousgenerationsBItisunwisetobesimplyopposedtoanynewinventionsandtechnologiesCTheinternetvideogamesandstemcellresearchposegreatthreatstohumanityDPeopleareconstantlydeceivedbytheirinstinctivenostalgiaforthegoodolddays20WhatstheauthorsoverallattitudetowardsthenostalgiaforthegoodolddaysAApprovingBSubjectiveCCautiousDIndifferent21WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassageAWhatarethegoodolddaysBWheredoesnostalgiacomefromCHowdoesnostalgiainfluencehumanbeingsDWhycantwestoplongingforgoodolddaysBlooddopingtoheightenperformanceisforbiddeninprofessionalsportsAthletescanusethistechniquetofueltheirmuscleswithmoreoxygencarryingredbloodcellsforexamplebyreceivingatransfusionButmanyanimalsdopenaturallysheepmarinefishesandhorsescanboosttheirbloodscapacitytocarryoxygenby16to74percentinphysicallydemandingsituationsNowastudyshowsthatanAntarcticfishcalledthebaldnotothencanincreaseitscarryingcapacitybymorethan200percenttopursueanactivelifeinfrigidwatersLikemostfishesnativetoAntarcticathebaldnotothensbloodcontainsantifreezeproteinsthathelpitwithstandextremecoldButtheseproteinsalongwithredbloodcellsRBCscanmakebloodviscousandhardtocirculateSomeAntarcticfishesadaptbyeliminatingRBCsaltogetherabsorbingoxygendirectlyfromthewaterviagillsandskinastheypassivelyawaithuntedanimalsBaldnotothenshoweveractivelyswimbelowsurfaceicetochasekrill鳞虾andothercrustaceans甲壳类动物whileavoidingpredatorssuchaspenguinsandsealsForthisbehavioryouneedtosupplymoreoxygentothemusclessaysMichaelAxelssonacardiovascularphysiologistattheUniversityofGothenburginSwedenandcoauthorofthenewstudywhichwaspublishedinJanuaryintheJournalofExperimentalBiologyThescientistscomparedRBClevelsinsamplescollectedfrombaldnotothensrelaxinginglasstankswiththoseinsamplesdrawnfromfishtheychasedusingaplastictubeRBClevelswereat9percentintherestinganimalsbut27percentintheexercisedonesshowinga207percentincreaseinthelattersbloodoxygencarryingcapacityNootherfishweveseencanmorethandoubletheirRBCsordroptheirnumberstosuchalowlevelwhenrestingAxelssonsaysThislowlevelreducesstrainonthebaldnotothensheartheaddsThefishsspleen脾脏storesRBCsandtheresearchersfoundthattoejectmoreintothebloodstreamtheorgancontractstoweigh41percentlessTheenormouschangesinRBClevelsinitiallysurprisedGeraldKooymanamarinebiologistattheScrippsInstitutionofOceanographywhowasnotinvolvedinthestudyHenoteshoweverthattheseanimalshavefewerbloodcellstobeginwithsomaintainingcirculationwithatripledRBCcountislessdifficultIfadivingWeddellsealpusheditsRBClevelsfrom40to90percentforinstanceitsbloodwouldbedangerouslyhardtopumpYetbaldnotothensdofacetradeoffsfortheirabilityByattachingaprobetoeachfishsaorta主动脉thescientistsfoundbloodpressurewas12percenthigherandtheheartworked30percentharderinactiveindividualsTheheartcanrestduringquiettimesbutwhenbaldnotothensneedtoexert努力themselvesAxelssonsaysthesefishhavetolivewiththeslightlyhigherconsequencesofmoreRBCsbecausetheyneedmoreoxygen22Inparagraph1theauthormentionsblooddopinginprofessionalsportsinordertoAstresstheeffectofblooddopingBexplainthemeaningofthetermdopingCintroducethetopicwithaninvitingexampleDprovideacontrastbetweenathletesandanimals23Whatdoespara3mainlytalkaboutAThemethodtostimulatebaldnotothensintoactionBThebloodoxygencarryingcapacityofbaldnotothensCThereasonforbaldnotothenslowRBClevelsinthefirstplaceDThestatisticsandanalysesdrawnbetweenstillandmovingbaldnotothens24Inpara4theexampleofadivingWeddellsealismentionedtoAassumeahighlypossiblesituationBfurtherexplainthedangerofhighlevelRBCsCaddcredibilitytotheexperimentmentionedaboveDprovideacontrasttothespecialabilityofbaldnotothens25TheunderlinedsentenceYetbaldnotothensdofacetradeoffsfortheirabilitypara5mostnearlymeansAtheirblooddopingcarriesdownsidesaswellBmoreoxygenisneededtousetheirspecialtalentCtheirabilitycanonlybeusedincertaincircumstancesDRBClevelsaredifferentinstillandactivebaldnotothensNewrulesofgratuitiesThecurrentsituationhasbeenparticularlyhardonpeoplewhoworkfortipsSomehaventbeenabletodotheirjobsatallwhileothersdontinteractwithcustomersthesamewayasitusedtobeIneithercaseTipsdriedupcausingalotofpeopletosuffersaysToniDupreeaprofessionaletiquettecoachMeanwhilemanycustomersfeeltheneedtotipmorebecauseofthenewrisksandhardshipsthatessentialserviceworkerssuddenlyfaceJustasmanyserviceshavechangedsoshouldtippingsaysLisaGrottsauthorofseveraletiquettebooksSomeoldstandardsnolongerseemfairandseveralneweroneswillapplylongafterthepandemicisoverSomenewrulesofgratuitiesthatarelikelyheretostayGivemoreifyoucanItscommonfortipstobedividedamongalltheworkersatastoreorrestaurantnotjustthosewhointeractdirectlywithcustomersSogivinggenerouslyensuresafairertipforallThinkoutsidethecashboxYoucanalsotipwithathankyounoteorahomemadegiftwhenabusinessoryourbudgetdoesntpermitgratuitiesConsiderwritingareviewonlinemakingsuretonamenamesAsforspecificsituationshereswhattheexpertsrecommendFOODANDDRINKSRestaurantworkersOldruleLeaveatiponlywhenyoudineinNewruleAlwaystipevenfortakeoutTip15to20percentwhenyoudineinand10to15percentontakeoutordeliveryordersBartendersOldrule1perdrinkNewruleGivemoreandtipaftereachroundsincebartendersoftensplittipswitheveryoneontheirshiftTip2perdrinkor10to15percentofthetotaltabPersonalshoppersOldruleNAManyoftheseservicessuchasgrocerypickuparenewerNewruleTipanddoitintheappsinceyouareunlikelytointeractdirectlywithyourshopperTip10to15percentIfatipisalreadyincludedaddafewdollarsextraHOMEDELIVERIESPackagedeliverydriversOldruleDonttipNewruleShowappreciationifyougetdeliveriesmorethanonceaweekTipDrinkssnacksor5to20ifapackageisparticularlyheavyorlargePostalworkerscannotacceptcashorgiftsworthmorethan50peryearUPStellsdriverstodeclinetipsunlessacustomerinsistsAndFedExprohibitsemployeesfromacceptingcashorcashequivalentssuchasgiftcardsPERSONALSERVICESRidesharedriversOldruleTipincashNewruleAskyourdriverTheLyftandUberappsletyouaddgratuitiesbutsomedriversprefercashTip15to20percentHairstylistsOldrule10percentNewruleExtracleaningprotocolsmeanextraworkAcknowledgethatwithabiggertipTip15to20percentplus5to10foranassistantwhoshampoosyourhairHotelhousekeepersOldruleTipattheendofyourstayNewruleManyhotelsnowdohousekeepingbyrequestonlysotipeverytimeyouaskthemtocomeTipAfewdollarspernightplus5foranyextrarequestssuchasaskingforadditionaltoiletriesNexttimeyoureunsurewhetheragratuityisinorderfollowthissimpleruleWhenindoubttipThenovelistGeorgeEliotaskedWhatdoweliveforifnottomaketheworldlessdifficultforeachotherDupreeaddsTippingwellisonewaytomakethingseasierforsomeoneelse26AccordingtotheexpertstippingruleshasbeenchangingbecauseofAtheattemptofnottryingtobecheapasacustomerBthesignificantimprovementinlivingstandardsCthehardshipsserviceworkerssuddenlyfaceduringpandemicDouralwaysbeingwaitedoninallaspectsoflife27WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttipsisTRUEATipsareonlyfortheonewhoservesyouinarestaurantBFedExemployeesarehappytogetapplestoregiftcardsfortipsCIfthecostofhairstylingis30thetotaltipsaresupposedtobeabout10DPersonalshoppersshouldtip10to15percentofthetotalbillincashIntheshorttimeSteveandZachhadbeeninsidetheirtentpackingtheirtoolswindblownflamehadskippedfromthetopofonetreetoanotherThelongdrysummerhadturnedtheforestintoatinderboxLetsgoWecanmakeitbacktotheriverwecrossedtodayStevekeptBradyontheleadandtheirheadsdownagainstthefirewindButBradybarkedasharpwarningAheadofthemlayathickcurtainofsmokeacrossthetrackTheywouldnevermakeitthroughthatThedogwaspullingathisleadtryingtodrawthemawayfromthesmokeandyetStevewasuneasyItseemedtohimthattheyweremovingawayfromtheriverSuddenlyZachcriedZachSteveshoutedAreyouOKWhereareyouThenBradypulledStevedownasharpslope坡AtitsbaseZachwasrubbinghisankleAsStevehelpedhisfriendtohisfeetBradyliftedhisheadandsnuffed嗅thesmokeladenwindNextmomentthedogboundedawayanddisappearedTheboysshoutedforhimbuthedidntcomebackStevecouldntblameBradyforpanickingHehimselfwantedtoruneventhoughhedidnthaveacluewhichwaySteveandZachhadntgonefarwhentherewasafamiliarbarkandBradycameboundingstoppeddirectlyinfrontofSteveandhithimwithhisheadpushinghimbacktowardtheslopetheydjustclimbedButStevedidntgetitThenBradygrabbedtheboysjeansandstartedpullingThemessagewasclearbutStevehesitatedOfcourseherememberedBradysavinghisuncleslifewhenthedogwasmuchyoungerWashestillsharpenoughtogetthemthroughthisNearbyapinewentupinawhooshofsmokeBradypulledagainurgentlyOKbigguyStevegritted咬紧牙关BradyledthembackdowntheslopeandintothetreesNotfarfromthemfirewastouchingunderbrushSeveraltimesthebigdogstoppedOftenhechangeddirectionsStevewassotiredthathejustwantedtorestbutBradywouldnthaveitThedogbulliedbothboystogoonHowlongtheydwalkedStevehadnoideaHewasalmostnumbwhenhehearditthewonderfulsoundofrushingwater28WhathappenedtoSteveandZachatfirstATheygotinjuredBTheylosttheirdogCTheyweretrappedDTheybecameseparated29HowdidStevefeelafterBradypulledhisjeansAUneasyBImpatientCNumbDUncertain30ThepassagebasicallydescribesAanadventureBanexplorationCanescapegameDatrainingprogramThepoetLovelleDrachmanoncesaidblessedarethecuriousfortheyshallhaveadventureswhichiscertainlytrueofpeoplewithwanderlustWanderlustisderivedfromaGermanwordmeaningaloveofhikingandnowusedtodescribetheburningdesiretoescapetheeverydayandexploretheunfamiliarWanderlustisacommonbutnotuniversalexperienceWhatmakessomepeoplecatchthattravelbugwhileothersareapparentlyunaffectedOnetheoryistodowithourgenesScientificresearchhasidentifiedavariantoftheDRD4genethataffectssensitivitytodopamine多巴胺theneurotransmitteroftenreleasedinthebrainwhenwedosomethingweenjoyActuallyitsnotthatthe7RversionoftheDRD4specificallycreatesathirstfortravelbutpeoplewiththe7RvariantarelesssensitivetothatdeliciousdopaminehitSosimplethingsthatbringotherpeoplepleasurelikeajogintheparkoracheekychocolatetreatmightnotcutitforthemwhichmakesthosewiththe7RtypeoftheDRD4genemorelikelytoberisktakerstogetincreaseddopaminelevelsThatswhyDRD47RhasbeencalledthewanderlustgeneOtherresearcheshavealsolinkedthesame7RvarianttofarriskierbehaviorssuchasaddictionandoffensivebehaviorBycomparisonthestrongsuddendesiretogotravellingseemslikethebetterendoftheTheoryofEvolutionButanothertheorylooksatthepsychologyoflivinginourinterconnectedhumansocietyoneinwhichweareconstantlyawareofwhatfriendsandsocialmediainfluencersaredoingandkeepcomparingourselvestothemintwodistinctwaysUpwardssocialcomparisonscomparingourselvestothoseweseeasmoresuccessfulthanusAnddownwardsocialcomparisonscomparingourselvestothoseweseeasworseoffthanusIntheageofsocialmediaitsveryeasytocompareourselvesunfavorablywiththeidealizedversionHowcanwecompetewithinfluencerswiththeirperfectlydarkbrownlegsonneatandcleanwhitesandandtheironceinalifetimesunsetsoverMachuPicchuWhetherthemotivationtoexploretheworldisgeneticpsychologicalorsomethingelsetherearefarmoreharmfulhobbiesthanthedesiretoexploretheworldVenturingoutsideyourcomfortzonetolearnaboutnewculturesmeetpeopleyoumightotherwiseneverhavehadthechancetomeetandfinallylearnwhoyouareindifferentsituationsSoundslikealifewelllivedAsthenovelistJackKerouacsaidBecauseintheendyouwontrememberthetimeyouspentintheofficeormowingyourlawnClimbthatgoddamnmountain31TheunderlinedphrasecatchthattravelbuginParagraph2isclosestinmeaningtoAbecrazyabouttravellingBbecuriousabouttravellingCescapedailylifebytravellingDexperiencecommontravelling32Whyarepeoplewiththe7RtypeoftheDRD4genemorelikelytohavewanderlustABecausetheyaremorefascinatedbyrisksandunfamiliarthingsBBecausethe7RvariantcausethemtobelesssensitivetodopaminehitCBecausetheyhavecomparativelyhigherlevelofdopaminethanotherpeopleDBecausethe7Rvariantalsocalledwanderlustgenehelpscreateacravingfortravelling33TheauthorwillprobablyagreetothestatementthatAawelllivedlifedoesntinvolveventuringoutsidecomfortablezoneBthe7RvariantisinevitablylinkedwithsomemoreriskybehaviorsuchasaddictionCpeopletendtoforgettheirdailyroutinebutadventuresreallyleavefootprintsintheirheartsDwhenpeoplecomparethemselveswithlesssuccessfulonesitmaygiverisetomixedfeelings参考答案1B2B3C4C导语这是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了美国谷歌公司的软件工程师BlakeLemoine因声称人工智能有感知力被公司暂停职务1细节理解题根据文章第一段Googleplacedanengineeronpaidleaverecentlyafterdismissinghisclaimthatitsartificialintelligenceissentient有感知力的surfacingyetanotherdebateaboutthecompanysmostadvancedtechnology近期谷歌公司让一名工程师带薪休假此前他声称该公司的人工智能是有感知力的这引发了另一场关于该公司最先进技术的争论可知BlakeLemoine是因为声称人工智能有感知能力而被安排了带薪休假故选B项2细节理解题根据文章第三段中LaMDAhadconsciousnessandasoulLaMDA有意识和灵魂以及第四段中hebelievedLaMDAwasachildof7or8yearsold他相信LaMDA是一个78岁的孩子可知BlakeLemoine最有可能赞同LaMDA是一个有意识和灵魂的普通人故选B项3推理判断题根据文章第二段中BrianGabrielaGooglespokesmansaidinastatementSomeinthebroaderAIcommunityareconsideringthelongtermpossibilityofsentientorgeneralAIbutitdoesntmakesensetodosobyanthropomorphizing人格化todaysconversationalmodelswhicharenotsentient谷歌的发言人BrianGabriel在一份声明中称更广泛的人工智能社区中的一些人正在考虑有感知能力的或通用人工智能的长期可能性但通过拟人化当今的对话模型来实现这一点是没有意义的因为它们没有感知能力可以推断出人工智能领域的专家否认人工智能有感知能力的前景故选C项4主旨大意题根据文章第一段Googleplacedanengineeronpaidleaverecentlyafterdismissinghisclaimthatitsartificialintelligenceissentient有感知力的surfacingyetanotherdebateaboutthecompanysmostadvancedtechnology近期谷歌公司让一名工程师带薪休假此前他声称该公司的人工智能是有感知力的这引发了另一场关于该公司最先进技术的争论可知文章首段点明主题谷歌公司的软件工程师BlakeLemoine因声称人工智能有感知能力而被公司暂停了职务故选C项5B6C7C导语这是一篇说明文文章介绍了MarieClaire的虚拟女性读书俱乐部5细节理解题根据第一段ExchangingtheideasofreadingcanbeexcitingButbetweenbusyschedulesandtheproblemslifethrowsatusitsnotsoeasytomakeittoabookclubregularlyThatswhywevecomeupwithawayforyoutogetsomemuchneededreadingdoneonyourowntimeandmeetsomenewfriendsalongthewaystraightfromyourcouch交流阅读的想法会令人兴奋但在繁忙的日程安排和生活抛给我们的问题之间定期参加读书俱乐部并不是一件容易的事这就是为什么我们提出了一种方法让你在自己的时间里完成一些急需的阅读并在路上结识一些新朋友直接坐在沙发上可知MarieClaire的虚拟女性读书俱乐部的成立是为了促进图书共享故选B项6细节理解题根据HowdoIparticipate下列第一段中SubmityourreviewsonTwitterorInstagrambythe28thwiththehashtag话题标签ReadWithMCtopotentiallyhaveyourreviewfeaturedonthesite在28日之前在Twitter或Instagram上提交你的评论并带上ReadWithMC的标签你的评论就有可能出现在网站上和第二段中OryoucansimplyleaveyourreviewononeofourReadWithMCInstagramposts或者你可以在我们的ReadWithMCInstagram帖子上留下你的评论可知读者可以通过她的公共Instagram账户提交带ReadWithMC的评论加入这个俱乐部故选C项7推理判断题根据Whattypeofbookswillwereadinthefuture下列段落中Wewillbereadingrelativelynewbooksiebookspublishedwithinthepastfewmonthsmostwillbenovelsbutsomemaybememoirsoressaycollections我们将阅读相对较新的书籍即在过去几个月出版的书籍大部分将是小说但也可能是回忆录或文集可推知在浴室哭泣回忆录2022年7月最有可能被这个俱乐部选中故选C项8A9B10D导语本文为说明文主要讲述了数字技术对于外科医生的积极影响8词句猜测题根据第一段中Surgicalstudentsarelesscapablethantheirforebearsbecausetheyspendtoomuchtimewithscreensandnotenoughwithphysicalmaterials外科学生的能力不如他们的前辈因为他们花太多时间在屏幕上而没有足够的物理材料和第二段中Hearguesthatthisisbecauseinsteadoftakingpartincreativesubjectsthatinvolvemanualworkduringtheirschooleducationalotofthingsarereducedtoswipingonatwodimensionalflatscreen他认为这是因为在学校教育期间很多事情都被简化为在二维平面屏幕上滑动而不是参加涉及手工作业的创造性课程可知现在的学生缺少与手工作业相关的技能由此可知划线词词义为与手工作业相关的技能故选A项9推理判断题根据最后一段中Intheverynearfutureasurgeonsabilitytointeractwithtechnologybethatsurgicalrobotsoraugmentedrealitywillbecomeincreasinglyimportant在不久的将来外科医生与技术互动的能力手术机器人或增强现实将变得越来越重要可知作者对外科医生与技术的互动持支持的态度故选B项10判断推理题根据第七段中UltimatelyKneebonemayturnouttoberightthatthedeclineincraftsandhandiworkatschoolisreducingthequalityofthesurgicalstudentintakeButthereseemslittleevidenceofityetInfactitisprobablyapositivethingthatouryoungestsurgeonsaredigitallyliterate最终Kneebone可能证明学校手工艺品和手工艺品的减少降低了外科学生的入学质量这是正确的但似乎还没有什么证据表明这一点事实上我们最年轻的外科医生精通数字技术可能是一件好事可知人们经常看不到数字技术的积极影响故选D项11B12B13D14A导语本文是一篇记叙文主要讲的是作者作为交换生到美国交流时挑战自己的故事11推理判断题根据第二段的MyhostmotherwentaboveandbeyondtotakecareofmyneedsmyteacherswereveryaccommodatingwithregardstomyschoolworkandIcouldusemystatusasanexchangestudentasanexcusewhenIneededafavororanexception我的寄宿母亲竭尽全力地照顾我的需求我的老师们对我的学业非常宽容当我需要帮助或例外时我可以用我的交换生身份作为借口可知作者对她在寄宿家庭的生活感觉很自由可以做任何她喜欢的事情故选B12细节理解题根据第二段的IrememberedthatIcametotheUnitedStatesforachallengeandthatIwasdeterminedtostrengthenmycapacities我记得我来美国是为了挑战我决心加强我的能力和第三段的TodevelopgreaterperseveranceIjoinedmyhostschoolsswimteameventhoughIhadnopriorexperienceinthissport为了培养更大的毅力我加入了寄宿学校的游泳队尽管我之前没有这项运动的经验可知促使作者加入学校的游泳队的是她渴望挑战自己故选B13细节理解题根据第四段的Oneofmybestachievementsthatyearwascompetinginoneofthebiggestswimmeetsoftheyear那年我最大的成就之一是参加了当年最大的游泳比赛之一可知作者认为她在游泳方面的成就是她参加比赛的勇气故选D14推理判断题根据最后一段的Growthcanonlybeachievedbydefyingpersonallimitsandbreakingfreefromcomfortzones成长只能通过挑战个人极限和打破舒适区来实现可知从这篇文章我们可以得出的结论是改变是成长的绝佳机会故选A15A16B17D导语这是一篇夹叙夹议文文章通过两个老人去世儿子都把责任归咎于自己但是文章告诉我们世界上发生的所有事情都是有自己的因果关系没有必要为此感觉内疚15细节理解题根据第一段Bothhaddiedfullofyearsaspeoplebelievebothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife正如人们所相信的那样两人都享尽天年而逝在漫长而充实的生活之后两人都屈服于身体的正常磨损可知两位已故的老年妇女都是自然死亡的故选A项16推理判断题根据第三段BecausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadlytheybelievethattheoppositecoursekeepingMotherathomeandpostponingtheoperationwouldhaveturnedoutbetterAfterallhowcouldithaveturnedoutanyworse因为他们采取的行动结果很糟糕所以他们相信相反的做法让母亲呆在家里推迟手术会有更好的结果毕竟结果还能更糟吗可推知人们为亲人的逝去感到内疚因为他们都认为自己对于亲人的去世是负有责任的故选B项17细节理解题根据最后一段Ababycomestothinkthattheworldexiststomeethisneedsandthathemakeseverythinghappeninit一个婴儿开始认为世界的存在是为了满足他的需要他让一切都发生在世界上可知人们从婴儿时期就开始相信他们的愿望是一切发生的原因故选D项18C19B20C21D导语这是一篇说明文文章以人们喜欢怀念过去的美好时光为主题分析了其背后的原因以及对我们的启示18推理判断题根据第五段AnotherreasonisthathistoricalnostalgiaisoftencoloredbypersonalnostalgiaWhenwerethegoodolddaysWasitbychancetheincrediblyshortperiodwhenyouhappenedtobeyoungAUSpollfoundthatpeopleborninthe1930sand1940sthoughtthe1950swasAmericasbestdecadewhilethoseborninthe1960sand1970spreferredthe1980s另一个原因是历史怀旧往往带有个人怀旧色彩美好的过去是什么时候是不是碰巧是你年轻的时候那段非常短暂的时期美国一项民意调查发现20世纪30年代和40年代出生的人认为20世纪50年代是美国最好的十年而60年代和70年代出生的人更喜欢80年代可知不同年代的人对过去的美好时光的理解通常是不同的故选C19推理判断题根据倒数第三段第三四句LongingforthepastandfearofthefutureinhibittheexperimentsandinnovationsthatdriveprogressAsinventorWilliamPettyobservedWhenanewinventionisfirstproposedinthebeginningeverymanobjectsnotoneinventorofahundredoutlivesthistorture苦难对过去的渴望和对未来的恐惧阻碍了推动进步的实验和创新正如发明家WilliamPetty所观察到的那样当一项新发明首次被提出时一开始每个人都反对一百个发明者中没有一个能活过这种折磨和倒数第二段PettywasrightVaccinationsteamenginesrailroadsandelectricityallmetwithstrongresistancewhentheywerefirstintroducedThepointisnttoshowhowsillypreviousgenerationswereThesamekindsofanxietieshavebeenexpressedinourowntimeaboutinnovationsliketheinternetvideogamesandstemcellresearchPetty是对的疫苗接种蒸汽机铁路和电力在首次引入时都遇到了强烈的阻力重点不是要表明前几代人有多愚蠢在我们这个时代对互联网视频游戏和干细胞研究等创新也表达了同样的焦虑以及最后一段AndnotallfearsaboutthefutureareunfoundedNewtechnologiesdoresultinaccidentstheydisturbtraditionalculturesandhabitsandtheydestroyoldjobswhilecreatingnewonesButtheonlywaytolearnhowtomakethebestuseofnewtechnologiesandreducerisksisbytrialanderrorThefuturewontbeperfectbutneitherwerethegoodolddays并不是所有对未来的恐惧都是毫无根据的新技术确实会导致事故它们扰乱了传统的文化和习惯在创造新工作的同时也破坏了旧的工作但是学习如何最好地利用新技术和减少风险的唯一方法是通过试验和错误未来并不完美过去的美好时光也不会完美可推知简单地反对任何新发明和新技术是不明智的故选B20推理判断题根据倒数第三段ObviouslysomethingsreallywerebetterinthepastButourinstinctivenostalgiaforthegoodolddayscaneasilydeceiveuswithdangerousconsequencesLongingforthepastandfearofthefutureinhibittheexperimentsandinnovationsthatdriveprogress很明显有些事情在过去确实更好但我们本能地怀念过去的美好时光很容易就会欺骗我们带来危险的后果对过去的渴望和对未来的恐惧抑制了推动进步的实验和创新以及最后一段最后一句Thefuturewontbeperfectbutneitherwerethegoodolddays未来并不完美过去的美好时光也不会完美可推知作者对怀念过去美好时光的态度是谨慎的故选C21主旨大意题文章第一段PeopleinmanycountriesarelongingforthegoodolddaysWhenaskediflifeintheircountryisbetterorworsetodaythanitwas50yearsago31ofBritons41ofAmericansand46oftheFrenchsayitsworse许多国家的人们都渴望过去的美好时光当被问及今天他们国家的生活比50年前更好还是更糟时31的英国人41的美国人和46的法国人表示情况更糟说明很多人怀念过去的美好时光文章二三段阐述了过去的美好时光究竟是什么时候并指出至少从5000年前发明文字以来人们就一直渴望过去的美好时光文章下文详细阐述了人们怀念过去时代的原因人们畏惧新事物和未来的普遍性以及对待新科技应该持有的态度由此可知文章主要阐述了怀旧的普遍性以及背后深层次的原因D选项Whycantwestoplongingforgoodolddays为什么我们不能停止对过去美好时光的向往可以概括文章主旨适合作为最佳标题故选D22C23D24D25A导语本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了科学家们发现了一种违规增血的王者南极秃头鱼它可以将血液的携氧能力提高200以上22推理判断题根据第一段中BlooddopingtoheightenperformanceisforbiddeninprofessionalsportsAthletescanusethistechniquetofueltheirmuscleswithmoreoxygencarryingredbloodcellsforexamplebyreceivingatransfusion在职业体育比赛中禁止使用血液兴奋剂来提高成绩运动员可以利用这项技术为肌肉提供更多携带氧气的红细胞例如通过输血可知在职业体育比赛中禁止运动员利用技术为肌肉提供更多携带氧气的红细胞这是违规操作同时根据第一段中NowastudyshowsthatanAntarcticfishcalledthebaldnotothencanincreaseitscarryingcapacitybymorethan200percenttopursueanactivelifeinfrigidwaters现在一项研究表明一种名为秃鱼的南极鱼可以将其运载能力提高200以上以在寒冷的水域中追求活跃的生活可知通过以运动员为例引出文章的主题即一种违规增血的王者南极秃头鱼它可以将血液的携氧能力提高200以上故选C23主旨大意题根据第三段中ThescientistscomparedRBClevelsinsamplescollectedfrombaldnotothensrelaxinginglasstankswiththoseinsamplesdrawnfromfishtheychasedusingaplastictube科学家们比较了从在玻璃罐中放松的秃头海鱼和他们用塑料管追赶的鱼身上采集的样本的RBC水平可知本段主要陈述的是科学家们将放松的秃头鱼和追赶的秃头鱼身上所采集的样本RBC进行比较即比较静止和移动的秃头鱼之间的统计和分析故选D24推理判断题根据第四段中HenoteshoweverthattheseanimalshavefewerbloodcellstobeginwithsomaintainingcirculationwithatripledRBCcountislessdifficultIfadivingWeddellsealpusheditsRBClevelsfrom40to90percentforinstanceitsbloodwouldbedangerouslyhardtopump然而他指出这些动物一开始就有更少的血细胞所以维持红细胞三倍的循环并不那么困难例如如果一只潜水的威德尔海豹将其红细胞水平从40提高到90那么它的血液将很难泵出这是危险的可知此处是将威德尔海豹和秃头海鱼进行比较由此突显秃头海鱼的特殊能力故选D25词句猜测题划线句是最后一段的主题句根据最后一段中Byattachingaprobetoeachfishsaorta主动脉thescientistsfoundbloodpressurewas12percenthigherandtheheartworked30percentharderinactiveindividuals通过在每条鱼的主动脉上安装探针科学家们发现活跃个体的血压升高了12心脏工作强度增加了30以及最后一句AxelssonsaysthesefishhavetolivewiththeslightlyhigherconsequencesofmoreRBCsbecausetheyneedmoreoxygenAxelsson说这些鱼必须承受更多RBC带来的略高的后果因为它们需要更多的氧气可知虽然南极秃头鱼可以将血液的携氧能力提高200以上但是在这个过程中也增加了秃头鱼的心脏工作强度由此推知本段主要讲述了秃头鱼在提高血液携氧能力的时候也有负面影响故选A26C27C导语这是一篇应用文文章介绍了一些新的小费规则26细节理解题由第一段中的Thecurrentsituationhasbeenparticularlyhardonpeoplewhoworkfortips目前的情况对那些为小费而工作的人来说尤其困难第二段Meanwhilemanycustomersfelttheneedtotipmorebecauseofthenewrisksandhardshipsthatessentialserviceworkerssuddenlyfaced与此同时由于基本服务人员突然面临新的风险和困难许多客户觉得有必要给更多小费和第三段JustasmanyserviceshavechangedsoshouldtippingsaysLisaGrottsauthorofseveraletiquettebooksSomeoldstandardsnolongerseemfairandseveralneweroneswillapplylongafterthepandemicisover几本礼仪书的作者丽莎格罗茨说正如许多服务都发生了变化一样小费也应该发生变化一些旧标准似乎不再公平而一些新标准将在疫情结束后很长时间内适用可知据专家介绍小费规则因疫情期间服务人员突然面临的困难而有所改变故选C项27细节理解题由Hairstylists中的Tip15to20percentplus5to10foranassistantwhoshampoosyourhair小费15到20再加上给你洗头的助理5到10美元可知如果发型的费用是30美元按最低小费标准15和给你洗头助理5美元小费为3015595C项那么小费总额应该是10美元左右正确故选C项28D29D30A导语本文是一篇记叙文文章讲述了Steve和Zach在森林里一次遇到大火的冒险故事28细节理解题根据第三段中的ZachSteveshoutedAreyouOKWhereareyouZachSteve喊道你还好吗你在哪儿可知一开始Steve和Zach走散了故选D29细节理解题根据第五段中的ThenBradygrabbedtheboysjeansandstartedpullingThemessagewasclearbutStevehesitated然后Brady抓住男孩的牛仔裤开始拉信息很清楚但Steve犹豫了可知当Brady拉他的牛仔裤后Steve感到不确定故选D30主旨大意题通读全文并根据第一段IntheshorttimeSteveandZachhadbeeninsidetheirtentpackingtheirtoolswindblownflamehadskippedfromthetopofonetreetoanotherThelongdrysummerhadturnedtheforestintoatinderboxSteve和Zach在帐篷里收拾工具的时间不长被风吹起的火焰就从一棵树顶上跳到另一棵树上漫长干燥的夏天把森林变成了一个火药桶可知文章讲述了Steve和Zach在森林里一次遇到大火的冒险故事故选A31A32B33C导语这是一篇说明文短文介绍了人们有旅游癖的原因31词句猜测题根据第二段WanderlustisderivedfromaGermanwordmeaningaloveofhikingandnowusedtodescribetheburningdesiretoescapetheeverydayandexploretheunfamiliarWanderlustisacommonbutnotuniversalexperience旅行癖一词来源于一个德语单词意思是热爱徒步旅行现在用来形容一种渴望逃离日常生活探索陌生事物的强烈愿望旅行癖是一种不算罕见但也不是人人都有的体验可知一些人有旅行癖而另一些人却明显不受影响所以划线词的意思是痴迷于旅行故选A项32细节理解题根据第三段Actuallyitsnotthatthe7RversionoftheDRD4specificallycreatesathirstfortravelbutpeoplewiththe7Rvariantarelesssensitivetothatdeliciousdopaminehit事实上并不是7R版本的DRD4特别让人渴望旅行而是7R变体的人对美味的多巴胺冲击不那么敏感可知为什么携带DRD4基因7R型的人更容易有旅游癖是因为7R变体使它们对多巴胺的反应不那么敏感故选B项33推理判断题根据最后一段AsthenovelistJackKerouacsaidBecauseintheendyouwontrememberthetimeyouspentintheofficeormowingyourlawnClimbthatgoddamnmountain正如小说家杰克凯鲁亚克JackKerouac所说因为到最后你不会记得自己在办公室或修剪草坪上花了多少时间爬上那座该死的山可知人们往往会忘记他们的日常生活但冒险真的会在他们的心里留下脚印故选C项