2024届高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解（含解析）.doc

阅读理解一高考原题WheretoEatinBangkokBangkokisahighlydesirabledestinationforfoodloversIthasaseeminglybottomlesswellofdiningoptionsHerearesomesuggestionsonwheretostartyourBangkokeatingadventureNahmOfferingThaifinediningNahmprovidesthebestofBangkokculinary烹饪的experiencesItstheonlytheirrestaurantthatranksamongthetop10ofthewords50bestrestaurantslistHeadChefDavidThompsonWhoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLoodonbasedThairestaurantofthesamenameopenedthisbranchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010IssaysStameseClubIssayaSiameseClubisinternationallyknowThaichefIanKittichaisfirstflagshipBangkokrestaurantThemenuinthisbeautifulcolonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisinecombinedwithmoderncookingmethodsBotanBotanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkoksculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009ServinghardtofindThaidishesinanelegantatmospheretherestaurantistruetoThaicuisinesrootsyetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwistThisplaceisgoodforacandlelitdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefoodForthoseextremelyhungrytheresalargesetmenuGagganEarningfirstplaceonthelatesAsias50bestrestaurantslistprogressiveIndianrestaurantGagganisoneofthemostexcitingvenues场所toarriveinBangkokinrecentyearsThebesttableinthistwostorycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchenwhereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinactionCulinarytheateratitsbest1WhatdoNahmandIssayaSiameseClubhaveincommonATheyadoptmoderncookingmethodsBTheyhavebranchesinLondonCTheyhavetopclasschefs2WhichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenuAGagganBBoLanCIssayaSiameseClubDNahm3WhatisspecialaboutGagganAIthiresstafffromIndiaBItputsonaplayeverydayCItserveshardtofindlocaldishesDItshowsthecookingprocesstoguests2PRACTITIONERSJacquelineFelicedeAlmaniac1322highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingmedicinefacedBorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorenceshemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgeryIn1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfullyInspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials证明ofherabilityasadoctorshewasbannedfrommedicineJamesBarryc17891865wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbutdressedasamanshewasacceptedbyEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicineShequalifiedasasurgeonin1813thenjoinedtheBritishArmyservingoverseasBarryretiredin1859havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasamanTanYunxian14611554wasaChinesephysicianwholearnedherskillsfromhergrandparentsChinesewomenatthetimecouldnotserveapprenticeships学徒期withdoctorsHoweverTanpassedtheofficialexamTantreatedwomenfromallwalksoflifeIn1511TanwroteabookSayingsofaFemaleDoctordescribingherlifeasaphysicianRebeccaLeeCrumpler18311895workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860FouryearslatershewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegreeShemovedtoVirginiain1865wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves5WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveincommonADoingteachingjobsBBeinghiredasphysiciansCPerformingsurgeryDBeingbannedfrommedicine6HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitionersAShewroteabookBShewentthroughtrialsCSheworkedasadentistDShehadformaleducation7WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegreeAJacquelineFelicedeAlmaniaBTanYunxian3年全国甲卷Grizzlybearswhichmaygrowtoabout25mlongandweighover400kgoccupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsychewerevere敬畏themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreamsAskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetoseeandtheiranswerisoftenthesameagrizzlybearGrizzlybearsarereoccupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrangesaysbearbiologistChrisServheenAsgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaventbeenseeninacenturyormoretheyreincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumansThewesternhalfoftheUSwasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscamewitharoughnumberof50000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericansBytheearly1970saftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockiesIn1975grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesActTodaythereareabout2000ormoregrizzlybearsintheUSTheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheUSFishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtodelistgrizzlieswhichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehuntedBotheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroupsFornowgrizzliesremainlistedObviouslyifprecautions预防arenttakengrizzliescanbecometroublesomesometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffoodIfpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsitesgrizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttroublePuttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesawayOurhopeistohaveacleanattractantfreeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabitssaysJamesJonkellongtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula1HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzliesATheycausemixedfeelingsinpeopleBTheyshouldbekeptinnationalparksCTheyareofhighscientificvalueDTheyareasymbolofAmericanculture2WhathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulationATheEuropeansettlersbehaviorBTheexpansionofbearsrangeCTheprotectionbylawsince1975DThesupportofNativeAmericans3WhathasstoppedtheUSFishandWildlifeServicefromdelistinggrizzliesATheoppositionofconservationgroupsBThesuccessfulcomebackofgrizzliesCThevoiceofthebiologistsDThelocalfarmersadvocates4WhatcanbeinferedfromthelastparagraphAFoodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzliesBPeoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzliesCAspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzliesDTechnologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies二考情分析社会文化类文化类文章的选材一般以中西方文化差异或者社会文化现象为重点如礼仪语言生活习惯价值观等题材涉及社会文化教育体育等方面的内容体裁以议论文记叙文居多但是也有说明文而且往往一篇文章表达一个主题文化类阅读理解的设题一般都是以考查文章的细节为主兼顾考查考生推理判断的能力因此考生答题时要能准确定位根据试题要求到文章中去寻找相应的答案做这类题时考生的英语语言知识和社会常识都发挥着重要的作用遇到熟悉的题材时若对题目把握不准考生可以在立足文章内容的基础上结合社会常识来解答此类题对英语语言社会文化的了解是一个长期的过程在复习时要注意增加英语词汇量掌握语法和习惯用法在复习过程中加强对语言基础知识的掌握普通中学毕业生应具备的词汇量并掌握其词类意思和基本用法掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系熟悉固定词组固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目扩大知识面认真研读历届高考题从近年的高考题看阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强更重视语言和文化的关系阅读材料会更多地涉及社会文化背景知识因此要阅读更多关于社会文化背景知识的内容通过阅读丰富自己的知识同时要认真研读近五年的高考篇目增加语言经验适应选材特点熟悉题材和体裁了解设问形式感悟设问特点科普知识类从文章的体裁看这类文章一般都是说明文通过对某种自然现象某项科学研究某个最新发现等的详细描述让大家认识了解某方面的科学知识并学会在生活中运用这种知识有时候科普知识类文章的体裁也可能为记叙文通常叙述与某项发明或发现相关的人物及事件科普知识类文章的设题一般都以考查文章的细节为主因此答题时只要抓住主要信息仔细比较题目与原文信息的异同一般便可以作出正确选择不过这类题目的文章往往专业性较强专业术语多阅读起来较为困难但是这类题目的命题一般都很简单且生词不会影响考生做题因此做题时要学会跳读即要跳过有些不影响做题和理解文章内容的生词只要抓住核心词句即可人物故事类这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹趣闻轶事生活背景个性特征成长和奋斗历程等其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线脉络清楚可读性较强短篇故事与人物传记不同的是这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局有人物时间地点和事件人物故事类文章一般较长题目多为细节理解题和推理判断题考生在做此类阅读理解题时往往有材料看得懂但题目不好做的感觉因此考生在阅读文章时要把重点放在事情发展的过程和结果进程及人物之间的关系细节与主题的关系及用以说明人物性格特点的事实作者的态度等这些内容往往是推理判断题的命题点掌握了这些内容考生在做推理判断题时就不会以个人思维想象代替根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断也只有这样才不会以偏概全至于细节理解题的解答考生切忌想当然或者凭印象一定要找到文章中的原句和题干进行比较再做出正确选择应用广告类高考广告类短文贴近学生生活如学习旅游保健购物招生招聘餐饮网络交流等这类短文有以下几个特点1篇幅短小形式灵活信息量大无论整篇广告还是数则广告都很短小精悍但其中的信息可能较多甚至较为纷繁2用词和句法简练广告用词筒单句法以简单句为主目的是让读者一目了然很快捕捉到信息3专有名词和缩略词多广告涉及的商品和活动以及人物等经常以专有名词出现而时间地点等经常以缩略词出现4生词多广告涉及领城众多涉及面广因此会有生词但往往不影响阅读广告类短文的试题多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题即考查考生对广告具体细节的了解分析和概括等能力阅读此类短文需要考生具备较好的skimming略读和scanning细查的阅读技能即快速读懂文章大意和寻找目标信息1题干定位法先阅读题干然后根据问题按照题目顺序有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位阅读相关部分并快速寻找有效信息再将原文和选项进行比较当问题与原文材料相同的时候对号入座如果问题与原文不同则可以同义替换归纳事实等2补全成分法省略词和省略句在应用文中大量出现对于影响语境理解的省略情况应将省略句补全从而更加准确地理解其意思3信息再加工法主要用于词义或句意推测题以及涉及数字转换的推理判断题需要对原文相关信息作正确理解并通过推理判断或计算对信息进行再加工V生态环保类高考题中常见的热门题材主要有人与自然的和谐发展人与自然的生态现状和未来发展环保的生活方式生态旅游生态农业等考生在平时学习中要有关注热点环保题材的意识把握环保新潮流留心相关题材的文章特点这样在做这类题时才会得心应手VI史地常识类史地常识类文章通常介绍历史事件异域风光等在选材方面多选择说英语的国家的主要名胜历史事件等在设题方面通常以细节题为主同时也有一定的主观推断题命题的形式通常多样可能涉及图表题数字计算题排序题表格题等对此类试题要特别注意积累与西方社会的风土人情社交活动风俗习惯及历史事件有关的专业英语常识平时养成读书看报的习惯勤于积累提高文化素质掌握已经考过的英语常识试题在此基础上进一步丰富常识此外要掌握必要的解题技巧考生可运用英语学科知识联系有关的历史地理知识从材料中抓住关键词获取和解读有效信息分析历史地理试题的内涵和外延并结合选项进行甄别筛选做出综合思考和理性的判断从而选出最符合题意要求的选项VII新闻报道类新闻报道类文章都具有时代性材料反映当代社会的某个方面新闻报道类文章要点突出主题鲜明一般来说看文章的首段或者首句便可知全文的主要内容如时间地点人物等新闻报道类文章清楚地告知读者whenwherewhowhathow等内容1泛读各类文章积累背景知识做阅读时背景知识对阅读理解水平有着重要的影响因此考生对文章内容的熟悉程度有时要比其本身的语言水平更重要所以考生在复习迎考时要有针对性地选读一些有关各学科知识的文章留意各类评论性文章增加一些背景知识有意识地强化记忆有关词汇以便能理解考试中将会遇到的各种内容的文章从而达到事半功倍的效果2重视文章的首段首句一般来说根据文章第一段或者仅仅根据第一句话便可知全文的主要内容如事件时间地点人物等3在阅读中要忽略人名地名不要被这些专有名词弄乱自己的思路和情绪但要理清地点的位置及人物之间的关系4做题时要先读问题再读文章之后再回归问题三变式训练1EveryonehasdowndaysMaybeitsbecauseofthebadweatherorthepoorgradeonadifficulttestandsomedaysteenagersjustactuninterestedinlifeorschoolButthesesymptoms症状oftenpassquicklyasteensmoveontonewschoolsubjectsormeetfriendspreventingthemselvesfromthinkingwhattroublesthematthemomentButifateenagerdisplayssymptomsofsadnessformorethantwoweeksitmightpointtosomethingseriousAsteenagersdeveloptheypushnewboundaries边界complainaboutrulesandlookformorefreerightsfromtheirparentsAccordingtotheonlineHealthGuideonAdolescentDevelopmentparentsmustbelastingfiguresintheirteenagerslifeprovidingsafeboundariesforteenstogroweveniftheteenagersactliketheseboundariesareunwantedParentsneedtoprovideruleswhilealsoremainingflexible灵活的andrespectfulofthegrowingteensneedforfreedomForexampleteenagerswilloftenfeelfrustratedembarrassedandevenangrythatthoughtheywantfreedomtheystillneedtoasktheirparentsforagreementtogotoafriendshouseorneedtheirmotherstotakethemtoschoolTheUSDepartmentofEducationsaysthatparentsshouldrespect尊重andsupporttheirteenschoicesaslongasthosechoiceswonthavelongtermharmfuleffectsForexampleevenifaparentdoesntpreferthemusichisorherteenlistenstoitsunlikelythatthechoiceofmusicwillpreventthatteenfromenteringagoodcollegeorleadtohealthproblemsHoweverifthatteenisdrinkingalcoholanddrivingparentsmustgetthroughstrictpunishmentstoteachhimherthattherearebadresultsofpoorchoicesthatcomewithincreasedfreedom1WhydoteensfeelingsofbaddaysusuallydisappearquicklyATheirteachershelpthemBTheytakesomemedicineCTheirparentstalkwiththemDTheyshifttheirattention2WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph3showAFreedommustbegivenatanytimeBTeensaremadaboutbeingcontrolledCTeensneedbothfreedomandproperrulesDRulesmustbeabsolutelystrictforteens3WhatshouldparentsdoabouttheirteenschoicesASupporttheirhelpfulhobbiesBTellthemwhichcollegetoattendCCanceltheirextracurricularactivitiesDGetthemawayfromsingingpopsongs4WhatisthebesttitleforthetextAHowtoBewithGrowingTeensBCausesofTeensSadnessCTeensWorriesAboutStrictRulesDTheImportanceofMakingFriendswithTeens2AstheoldestofthreechildrenIneverhadanyhandmedownstowearlikeotherpoorkidsInsteadMomgotmywardrobe行头fromneighborhoodmothersImaginethefunotherkidshadwhentheysawmewearingtheirusedclothingPerhapsmybiggestchallengecamefromCharlieAsfarasIwasconcernedCharliesmainfunwastomakefunofmeDuringthoseyearsIslowlylearnedtohateIhatedCharliebutIalsohatedmyselffornotbeingabletochangemysituationButsituationsdochangeThatopportunitycameafterhighschoolwhenIjoinedtheNavyTheNavymademeasocialequalforthefirsttimeinmylifeandtheGIBillgavemeacollegeeducationHardworkandafewluckycareer职业choicesfinallyliftedmeintothemiddleclassIfoundmyselflivingtheAmericanDreamOnebeautifulsummerafternoonmyfriendandIcelebratedFridayinJacksonsSteakHouseForthefirsttimeinalmosttwentyyearsIsawCharlieNotonlydidIseehimbuthespoketomeIcouldtellhedidntrecognizemebutIsurelyrecognizedmychildhoodtormentor摧残者HiswordswereshortbutIllneverforgetthemHesaidSirwhatkindofdressingwouldyoulikewithyoursaladThetableshadturnedCharliewascallingmeSirWhilehundredsofimproperideasracedthroughmymindIcouldonlygiveatwowordreplyBluecheeseAsmuchasIwantedtotastethesweettasteofrevenge复仇IrefusedtodoitIwouldntputanotherpersonthroughwhatIhadgonethroughasachildItwastimetoputchildishthingsbehindmeandmakeuseofthenewopportunitythatlifehadgivenmeIlefthimagoodtipandIdidntsayonewordaboutrecognizinghim1WheredidtheauthorusuallygethisclothesasakidAHismumboughtthemforhimBTheywerefromotherfamiliesCOtherpoorkidscollectedthemforhimDTheywerehandeddownbyhisbrothers2WhichwordbestdescribestheauthorschildhoodAPainfulBFunnyCStrangeDLucky3WhatjobdidCharlieprobablydoAAhairdresserBAwaiterCAsoldierDAcook4WhatisthebesttitleofthepassageALiveyourownAmericanDreamBBestmemoriesinchildhoodCDonthatebutloveyourenemyDGrowingupandlettinggo3AsseabirdbiologistBonnieSlatonslidesoffasmallboatandwalksthroughwaisthighwaterthebrownpelicans鹈鹕spreadtheirwingsoverheaduntilshereachesRaccoonIslandThenarrowislandisasmallpieceoflandseparatingtheAmericanstateofLouisianafromtheGulfofMexicoDuringtheseabirdbreeding繁殖seasontheplaceoneofthefewremainingplacesofsafetyforthepelicansisfullofnoise13yearsagotherewere15lowlyingislandswithbreedingareasforLouisianasstatebirdHowevertodayonlyaboutsixislandsinsoutheasternLouisianahavebrownpelicannestsandtheresthavedisappearedunderwaterSlatonandotherscientistssetupcamerastoobservepelicannestsontheislandThecamerasshowthatinrecentyearsthepelicanshavefacedsomenaturaldisastersThemainkillerofthemisfloodingwhichcanwashawayallthenestsashappenedinApril2021ThedisappearingislandsarethelocationofastoryofsuccessfulconservationFormanyyearsscientistshaveworkedtobringthepelicansbackfromtotallydyingoffMikeCarlossisastatewildlifebiologistinLouisianaHesaidheneversawbrownpelicansasachildinthe1960sTheirpopulationshadbeenkilledbytheuseofDDTakindoffarmchemicalItthinnedeggshellsandpreventedpelicansfromgivingbirthtoyoungbirdsThebelovedbirdswerecompletelygonefromLouisianaonlyappearingonthestateflagButalongrunningefforttosavethemledtothebirdsreturnAfterDDTwasstoppedintheUSin1972biologistsbroughtyoungpelicansfromnearbyFloridatolettheminhabittheemptyislandsacrosstheGulfofMexicoMorethan1200pelicanshavebeensetfreeinsoutheasternLouisianaover13yearsThebrownpelicanscanlivemorethan20yearsSothefinaleffectofdisappearingbreedingareasisuncertainanditwillstilltaketimetobecomeclearAndthefutureforpelicansisuncertainontheislands1WhatisakillerofbrownpelicansATheislandmovementBTheunderwaternoiseCTheincreaseofhumanpopulationDThedisappearanceofbreedingareas2WhydidthescientistssetupcamerasATostopillegalhuntingBTowatchpelicanshomeCTopredictseriousfloodingDTorecordthenumberofpelicans3WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinhabitinParagraph4meanALiveonBFocusonCBreakintoDLookinto4HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthepelicansfutureAUnconcernedBCuriousCDoubtfulDProud4Chinassecondnationalbotanical植物学的gardentheSouthChinaNationalBotanicalGardenwassetupinGuangzhouonJuly11th2022Withatotalof319hectaresofthecorefunctionalareaplannedthenewnationalbotanicalgardenwasbuiltbasedontheSouthChinaBotanicalGardenItspansGuangzhouandZhaoqingtwocitiesinGuangdongProvinceItisthelargestsubtropicalbotanicalgardenenjoyingthelongesthistoryAlsotheclimateinGuangdongmakesthegardenhometothousandsofplantsallowingittohavethelargestnumberofplantspeciesTheSouthChinaNationalBotanicalGardenaimstostrengthentheconservationscientificresearchandknowledgebroadcastingoftropical热带的andsubtropicalplantsThegardenhasthreeresearchcenterstwonationallevelfieldstationsandthreekeylaboratoriesoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesThereare17168protectedplants643rareandendangeredplantsand337nationalkeywildprotectedplantsinthegardenatpresentThegardenwillparticipateinplantdiversityprotectionbothinChinaandtheworldandachievetheconservationgoalof20000speciesMeanwhileitaimstoplayaworldleadingroleincollectionandstorageoflivingplantsamongwhich6000speciesareeconomicplantsBesides95percentofrareandendangeredplantsinSouthChinawillbeeffectivelyprotectedthusprovidingplantresourcesforgreendevelopmentChinaisoneofthecountriesintheworldwiththerichestbiodiversityhavingmorethan37000knownspeciesofhigherplantsaccountingforaboutonetenthoftheworldstotalTheSouthChinaNationalBotanicalGardentogetherwiththeChinaNationalBotanicalGardeninBeijinghasformedasystemofcollectionandretentionofwildplantgroupswhichishelpfultomaintainthecountrysplantdiversity1WhatcanbeinferredabouttheSouthChinaNationalBotanicalGardenAItiswellequippedBItonlyoffersserviceforresearchCIthasbecomeapopulartouristattractionDItisthelargestnationalbotanicalgarden2WhatisthesituationofrareandendangeredplantsinSouthChinaATheyaredyingoutsharplyBMostofthemwillbeprotectedwellCTheywillbeusedtoimproveeconomicdevelopmentDMostofthemaremovedtobotanicalgardens3WhatdoestheunderlinedwordretentioninthelastparagraphmeanADevelopmentBComparisonCProtectionDImprovement4WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextAAGardenforCollectingandStudyingPlantsBANewWaytoStrengthenPlantConservationCChinasVariousWaysofEnvironmentalProtectionDChinasSecondNationalBotanicalGarden5ThesummerholidayshavejustbegunbutitisabusymorningatCadoxtonPrimarySchoolinBarryanindustrialtowninWalesItrunsasummerprogrammeforhardup拮据的childrenprovidingmealsandactivitiesovertheholidayswiththeaimofhelpingkidstospendthetimemoremeaningfullyAsyoungpeoplerunlaughingandscreamingintotheschoolcafeteriaforbreakfasttheirparentshungoutsomevisiblyrelievedJustthreedaysintothesixweekschoolholidaysonemothersayshernineyearolddaughterhasalreadyaskedfivetimestogobowlingWithouttheschoolshelpshesaysitwouldbealongandexpensivesixweeksInthepopularimaginationschoolsummerholidaysconjureup使呈现于脑际apictureofcarefreeyouthfulexplorationButmanyparentsrelyonthetermtimeservicesthatschoolsgivetheirkidssuchastutorsandmealsIftheholidaysapproachtheycansuddenlyfindtheirschedulesandbudgetsstretchedResearchersalsosaythatthelongbreakoftensetsbackchildrenslearningandthatchildrenfrompoorerbackgroundsaredesperatelyaffectedduetotheirshortageofmoneyManypoorchildrenfallbehindtheirwealthierpeersovertheholidaysSummeristhemostunequaltimeoftheyearsaysMatthewBoulayoftheNationalSummerLearningAssociationWelloffparentscanfillthegapleftbyschoolandconsolidate使巩固theirchildrensunfamiliarknowledgewellkeepingtheirchildrenstimulatedwithsummercampstripsabroadorprivatetutorsPoorerfamiliesapparentlyfindthishardersincetheirincomeisrelativelylowanddemandforsponsoredactivitiesofferedbygovernmentsheaddsHolidayscanbeafinancialstresswhichisabsolutelytrueIncountrieswheresomechildrenreceivefreeschoolmealssummermeansbiggergrocerybillsforhardupfamiliesHouseholdswherebothparentsworkhavetopayforextrachildcaretooTheFamilyandChildcareTrustacharitysaysthatinBritainwherechildcarecostsarethehighestintheOECDaclubofmostlyrichcountriesParentswillspendanaverageof33perchildperweekonchildcarethissummermainlybecauseofthesharpshortageofgovernmentalfundingsponsor1WhatisthepurposeofthesummerprogrammeATolengthenstudentsschoollifeBTokeepstudentsbusyallthetimeCToprovidestudentswithfreemealsDToenrichstudentssummerholidays2WhatdoestheunderlinedwordstretchedParagraph2probablymeanARichBTightCReasonableDAffordable3WhichstatementdoesMatthewBoulayprobablyagreewithABadlyoffparentsarelikelytogiveupsponsoringtheirkidsBWelloffparentsareunwillingtooffertheirkidsextratutorsCStudentsfrompoorfamilycanwelldealwiththepeerpressureDStudentsfromrichfamilycanstrengthentheirlearnedknowledge4WhymustBritishparentspayforthechildcareinsummerholidayABecauseofinsufficiencyoffreetutorsBBecauseofshortageofsocialsponsorCBecauseofshortageoffreeschoolmealsDBecauseoflackofgovernmentalsupport答案以及解析1答案C解析理解具体信息根据Nahm部分的HeadChefDavidin2010可知Nahm饭店有知名的厨师根据IssayaSiameseClub部分的IssayaSiameseClubisrestaurant可知IssayaSiameseClub有知名厨师故两者的共同之处是它们都有知名的厨师故选C2答案B解析理解具体信息根据Bolan部分的Forthosesetmenu可知Bolan为特别饥饿的顾客提供大型套餐故选B3答案D解析理解具体信息根据Gaggan部分的Thebesttableinstaffinaction可知Gaggan的特别之处在于顾客可以看到厨师做饭的全部过程故选D1答案C解析根据中的和中的可知这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术故选2答案A解析理解具体信息根据部分的介绍可知谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医并通过了官方的考试一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗她还写了一本名为女医杂言的书记录了自己的女医生涯其他三个医生的介绍中并未提到写书故选3答案D解析理解具体信息根据中的可知是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人故选1答案A解析理解具体信息根据第一段的灰熊在美国人心中占据了一个矛盾的角落和敬畏可知人们对灰熊既怕又爱由此可见人们对它们的感情很复杂故选2答案C解析根据第三段的年灰熊被列入美国濒危动物法案中和第四段的如今美国大约有或更多头灰熊可以推断灰熊数量增长与年以来的法律保护息息相关故选C3答案A解析理解具体信息根据题干的可以迅速锁定第四段根据第四段的由于来自保护组织的诉讼这两次尝试都被推翻了可知动物保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类及野生动物管理局将灰熊从美国濒危动物法案中除名故选4答案B解析根据最后一段的如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和营地拿走灰熊经过时通常会平安无事在鸡舍和其他农场动物住所周围安装电围栏对赶走灰熊也非常有效可以推断人类可以和灰熊和谐共处故选B1答案14DCAA解析1细节理解题根据第一段中的Butthesesymptoms症状oftenpassquicklyasteensmoveontonewschoolsubjectsormeetfriendspreventingthemselvesfromthinkingwhattroublesthematthemoment但这些症状往往很快就会消失因为青少年开始学习新的学校课程或遇见朋友这防止了他们思考当前的困扰可知青少年不愉快的感觉很快就会消失是因为他们通过做其他事情转移了注意力故选D2推理判断题举例是为了证明观点第三段例子对应的观点句为段首句Parentsneedtoprovideruleswhilealsoremainingflexibleandrespectfulofthegrowingteensneedforfreedom父母需要提供规则同时也要保持灵活性尊重成长中的青少年对自由的需求由此推知第三段的例子是为了说明青少年既需要自由又需要适当的规则故选C3解析细节理解题根据第四段中的TheUSDepartmentofEducationsaysthatparentsshouldrespectandsupporttheirteenschoicesaslongasthosechoiceswonthavelongtermharmfuleffects美国教育部表示父母应该尊重和支持青少年的选择只要那些选择不会产生长期的有害影响可知父母应该支持青少年的有益的爱好故选A4答案A解析主旨大意题Para1指出了青少年在成长的过程中会有沮丧的日子Para2指出父母必须在青少年的生活中扮演持久的角色为青少年的成长提供安全的边界Para3指出父母应为青少年提供规则与此同时保持灵活性尊重他们对自由的需求Para4指出父母应该尊重和支持青少年的选择根据文章结构可知本文主要讲了父母如何与成长中的青少年相处故选A项2答案14BABD解析1细节理解题根据第一段中AstheoldestofthreechildrenMomgotmywardrobe全部衣物fromneighborhoodmothers作为三个孩子中最大的一个我从来没有任何像其他穷孩子一样的旧衣服穿相反妈妈从邻居妈妈们那里得到了我的全部衣物可知作者小时候的衣服是从其他家庭那里得到的故选B项2推理判断题根据第一段中Imaginethefunotherkidshadwhentheysawmewearingtheirusedclothing想象一下其他孩子看到我穿着他们的旧衣服时有多开心及第二段中DuringthoseyearsIslowlylearnedtohatefornotbeingabletochangemysituation在那些年里我慢慢地学会了恨我恨查理但我也恨自己不能改变自己的处境可推知作者感觉自己的童年是痛苦不堪的故选A项3细节理解题根据第四段中HesaidSirwhatkindofdressingwouldyoulikewithyoursalad他说先生您的沙拉要用什么调料可知查理是一名服务员故选B项4主旨大意题根据第二段中IhatedCharliebutIalsohatedmyselffornotbeingabletochangemysituation及最后一段中AsmuchasIwantedtotastethesweettasteofrevenge复仇IrefusedtodoitIlefthimagoodtipandIdidntsayonewordaboutrecognizinghim可知小时候查理折磨了作者他很恨查理成年后遇到了做服务生的查理作者本想报复查理但是最终选择了放手好好利用生活给自己的新机会由此可知D项成长并放手最适合做本文标题A项活出你自己的梦想B项童年最美好的回忆与C项不要恨而要爱你的敌人均未能准确表达本文主旨3答案14DBAC1推理判断题根据第二段13yearsagotherewere15lowlyingislandstheresthavedisappearedunderwater13年前有15个低洼岛屿是路易斯安那州州鸟的繁殖区然而如今路易斯安那州东南部只有大约六个岛屿有褐鹈鹕巢其余的都消失在水下可推断出繁殖区域的消失对褐鹈鹕的生存构成了威胁故选D2细节理解题根据第三段中Slatonandotherscientistssetupcamerastoobservepelicannestsontheisland可知Slaton和其他科学家安装摄像机是为了观察岛上的鹈鹕巢故选B3词义猜测题根据画线词所在句中的biologistsbroughtyoungacrosstheGulfofMexico生物学家从附近的佛罗里达州带来了鹈鹕幼鸟让它们在墨西哥湾对面的空岛上和后文Morethan1200pelicanshavebeensetfreeinsoutheasternLouisianaover13years13年来路易斯安那州东南部有1200多只鹈鹕被放生可推知画线词inhabit意为居住于栖息在故选A4推理判断题根据最后一段中Sothefinaleffectontheislands因此繁殖区域消失所带来的最终影响是不明确的还需要时间证明并且岛屿上鹈鹕的未来是不确定的可推断出作者认为情况是不确定的故作者对鹈鹕的未来持怀疑态度unconcerned漠不关心的curious好奇的doubtful怀疑的proud骄傲的故选C4答案14ABCD解析1推理判断题根据第三段中ThegardenhasthreeresearchcenterstwonationallevelfieldstationsandthreekeylaboratoriesoftheChineseAcademyofSciences该园拥有3个研究中心2个国家级野外台站和3个中国科学院重点实验室可推断出该植物园配备精良故选A2细节理解题根据第五段Besides95percentofrareandendangeredplantsinSouthChinawillbeeffectivelyprotectedthusprovidingplantresourcesforgreendevelopment此外中国南方95的珍稀濒危植物将得到有效保护从而为绿色发展提供植物资源可知中国南方大部分珍稀濒危植物将得到很好的保护故选B3词义猜测题根据第三段中的TheSouthChinaNationalBotanicalGardenaimstostrengthentheconservation华南国家植物园旨在加强保护第四段中的Thegardenwillparticipateinplantdiversityprotection园区将参与植物多样性保护及画线词后whichishelpfultomaintainthecountrysplantdiversity这有助于保持国家的植物多样性可知华南国家植物园和北京的国家植物园已经形成了一个野生植物群落的采集和保护体系由此可知画线词的意思是保护与C项意思相近4主旨大意题本文第一段引出所要介绍的对象我国第二个国家植物园华南国家植物园接下来介绍了华南植物园的占地面积配置目标保护作用等因此整篇文章围绕我国第二个国家植物园展开D项为最佳标题5答案14DBDD解析1细节理解题根据第一段第二句Itrunsasummerprogrammeforhardupchildrenprovidingmealsandactivitiesovertheholidayswiththeaimofhelpingkidstospendthetimemoremeaningfully可知暑期活动是为了丰富孩子的生活使假期生活更有意义故选D2词义猜测题根据该画线词的前后文可知假期的各种开支使得预算紧张tight故选B3细节理解题根据第三段中的Welloffparentscanfillthegapleftbyschoolandconsolidatetheirchildrensunfamiliarknowledgewellkeepingtheirchildrenstimulatedwithsummercampstripsabroadorprivatetutors可知家庭富裕的父母会利用假期来让孩子巩固不熟悉的知识来缩小差距故选D4细节理解题根据最后一段最后一句mainlybecauseofthesharpshortageofgovernmentalfundingsponsor可知缺乏政府的资金帮扶家长们只能自费参加故选D