2024届高考英语复习 阅读理解（含解析）.doc

阅读理解一高考原题年新高考全国卷BikeRentalGuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdamwelcometoMacBikeYouseemuchmorefromtheseatofabikeCyclingisthemosteconomicalsustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecitywithitsbeautifulcanalsparkssquaresandcountlesslightsYoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdamWhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdamWithover2500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocationswemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyouWeofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevarietyincludingbasicbikeswithfootbrake刹车bikeswithhandbrakeandgears排挡bikeswithchildseatsandchildrensbikesPricesGuidedCityToursThe25hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmilltheSkinnyBridgetheRijksmuseumHeinekenBreweryandmuchmoreThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehourstartingat100pmeverydayYoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline1WhatisanadvantageofMacBikeAItgiveschildrenadiscountBItoffersmanytypesofbikesCItorganizesfreecycletoursDIthasover2500rentalshops2HowmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodaysA1575B1950C2275D29503WheredoestheguidedcitytourstartATheGooyerWindmillBTheSkinnyBridgeCHeinekenBreweryDDamSquare年新高考全国卷WhenJohnToddwasachildhelovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouseobservinghownaturesolvedproblemsAdirtystreamforexampleoftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslivedWhenhegotolderJohnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremakingAfterstudyingagriculturemedicineandfisheriesincollegeJohnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestionsWhycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria细菌WhichkindsoffishcaneatcancercausingchemicalsWiththerightcombinationofanimalsandplantshefiguredmaybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedidHedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallanecomachineThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge污泥FirstheconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachotherThenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimalsHeplacedtheminthetanksandwaitedLittlebylittlethesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystemAfterafewweeksJohnaddedthesludgeHewasamazedattheresultsTheplantsandanimalsintheecomachinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatitWithinweeksithadallbeendigestedandallthatwasleftwaspurewaterOvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobsHedevelopedagreenhouselikefacilitythattreatedsewage污水from1600homesinSouthBurlingtonHealsodesignedanecomachinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhouacityinsoutheastChinaEcologicaldesignisthenameJohngivestowhathedoesLifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventorhesaysYouputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhatshappeningThenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoselfrepair1WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsAHewasfondoftravelingBHeenjoyedbeingaloneCHehadaninquiringmindDHelongedtobeadoctor2WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanksATofeedtheanimalsBTobuildanecosystemCToprotecttheplantsDTotesttheecomachine3WhatistheauthorspurposeinmentioningFuzhouAToreviewJohnsresearchplansBToshowanapplicationofJohnsideaCTocompareJohnsdifferentjobsDToerasedoubtsaboutJohnsinvention4WhatisthebasisforJohnsworkANaturecanrepairitselfBOrganismsneedwatertosurviveCLifeonEarthisdiverseDMosttinycreaturesliveingroups年新高考全国卷AscitiesballoonwithgrowthaccesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofindIfyoureluckytheremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulivebutitsunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywildPastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumansbutanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwellbeingTheresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanparkTheysurveyedseveralhundredparkgoersaskingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureintheparkTheresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissionscoding编码experiencesintodifferentcategoriesForexampleoneparticipantsexperienceofWesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhilewasassignedthecategoriessittingatbeachandlisteningtowavesAcrossthe320submissionsapatternofcategoriestheresearcherscallanaturelanguagebegantoemergeAfterthecodingofallsubmissionshalfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitorsTheseincludeencounteringwildlifewalkingalongtheedgeofwaterandfollowinganestablishedtrailNamingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguagewhichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothemForexampletheexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeintheparkBackdowntownduringaworkdaytheycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreakWeretryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehumannatureinteractionsbackintoourdailylivesAndforthattohappenwealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithitsaidPeterKahnaseniorauthorofthestudy1WhatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetextAPocketparksarenowpopularBWildnatureishardtofindincitiesCManycitiesareoverpopulatedDPeopleenjoylivingclosetonature2WhydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategoriesATocomparedifferenttypesofparkgoersBToexplainwhytheparkattractstouristsCToanalyzethemainfeaturesoftheparkDTofindpatternsinthevisitorssummaries3Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5AWalkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonatureBYoungpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnatureCThesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentformsDThenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance4WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahnALanguagestudyBEnvironmentalconservationCPubliceducationDInterculturalcommunication二考情分析社会文化类文化类文章的选材一般以中西方文化差异或者社会文化现象为重点如礼仪语言生活习惯价值观等题材涉及社会文化教育体育等方面的内容体裁以议论文记叙文居多但是也有说明文而且往往一篇文章表达一个主题文化类阅读理解的设题一般都是以考查文章的细节为主兼顾考查考生推理判断的能力因此考生答题时要能准确定位根据试题要求到文章中去寻找相应的答案做这类题时考生的英语语言知识和社会常识都发挥着重要的作用遇到熟悉的题材时若对题目把握不准考生可以在立足文章内容的基础上结合社会常识来解答此类题对英语语言社会文化的了解是一个长期的过程在复习时要注意增加英语词汇量掌握语法和习惯用法在复习过程中加强对语言基础知识的掌握普通中学毕业生应具备的词汇量并掌握其词类意思和基本用法掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系熟悉固定词组固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目扩大知识面认真研读历届高考题从近年的高考题看阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强更重视语言和文化的关系阅读材料会更多地涉及社会文化背景知识因此要阅读更多关于社会文化背景知识的内容通过阅读丰富自己的知识同时要认真研读近五年的高考篇目增加语言经验适应选材特点熟悉题材和体裁了解设问形式感悟设问特点科普知识类从文章的体裁看这类文章一般都是说明文通过对某种自然现象某项科学研究某个最新发现等的详细描述让大家认识了解某方面的科学知识并学会在生活中运用这种知识有时候科普知识类文章的体裁也可能为记叙文通常叙述与某项发明或发现相关的人物及事件科普知识类文章的设题一般都以考查文章的细节为主因此答题时只要抓住主要信息仔细比较题目与原文信息的异同一般便可以作出正确选择不过这类题目的文章往往专业性较强专业术语多阅读起来较为困难但是这类题目的命题一般都很简单且生词不会影响考生做题因此做题时要学会跳读即要跳过有些不影响做题和理解文章内容的生词只要抓住核心词句即可人物故事类这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹趣闻轶事生活背景个性特征成长和奋斗历程等其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线脉络清楚可读性较强短篇故事与人物传记不同的是这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局有人物时间地点和事件人物故事类文章一般较长题目多为细节理解题和推理判断题考生在做此类阅读理解题时往往有材料看得懂但题目不好做的感觉因此考生在阅读文章时要把重点放在事情发展的过程和结果进程及人物之间的关系细节与主题的关系及用以说明人物性格特点的事实作者的态度等这些内容往往是推理判断题的命题点掌握了这些内容考生在做推理判断题时就不会以个人思维想象代替根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断也只有这样才不会以偏概全至于细节理解题的解答考生切忌想当然或者凭印象一定要找到文章中的原句和题干进行比较再做出正确选择应用广告类高考广告类短文贴近学生生活如学习旅游保健购物招生招聘餐饮网络交流等这类短文有以下几个特点1篇幅短小形式灵活信息量大无论整篇广告还是数则广告都很短小精悍但其中的信息可能较多甚至较为纷繁2用词和句法简练广告用词筒单句法以简单句为主目的是让读者一目了然很快捕捉到信息3专有名词和缩略词多广告涉及的商品和活动以及人物等经常以专有名词出现而时间地点等经常以缩略词出现4生词多广告涉及领城众多涉及面广因此会有生词但往往不影响阅读广告类短文的试题多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题即考查考生对广告具体细节的了解分析和概括等能力阅读此类短文需要考生具备较好的skimming略读和scanning细查的阅读技能即快速读懂文章大意和寻找目标信息1题干定位法先阅读题干然后根据问题按照题目顺序有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位阅读相关部分并快速寻找有效信息再将原文和选项进行比较当问题与原文材料相同的时候对号入座如果问题与原文不同则可以同义替换归纳事实等2补全成分法省略词和省略句在应用文中大量出现对于影响语境理解的省略情况应将省略句补全从而更加准确地理解其意思3信息再加工法主要用于词义或句意推测题以及涉及数字转换的推理判断题需要对原文相关信息作正确理解并通过推理判断或计算对信息进行再加工V生态环保类高考题中常见的热门题材主要有人与自然的和谐发展人与自然的生态现状和未来发展环保的生活方式生态旅游生态农业等考生在平时学习中要有关注热点环保题材的意识把握环保新潮流留心相关题材的文章特点这样在做这类题时才会得心应手VI史地常识类史地常识类文章通常介绍历史事件异域风光等在选材方面多选择说英语的国家的主要名胜历史事件等在设题方面通常以细节题为主同时也有一定的主观推断题命题的形式通常多样可能涉及图表题数字计算题排序题表格题等对此类试题要特别注意积累与西方社会的风土人情社交活动风俗习惯及历史事件有关的专业英语常识平时养成读书看报的习惯勤于积累提高文化素质掌握已经考过的英语常识试题在此基础上进一步丰富常识此外要掌握必要的解题技巧考生可运用英语学科知识联系有关的历史地理知识从材料中抓住关键词获取和解读有效信息分析历史地理试题的内涵和外延并结合选项进行甄别筛选做出综合思考和理性的判断从而选出最符合题意要求的选项VII新闻报道类新闻报道类文章都具有时代性材料反映当代社会的某个方面新闻报道类文章要点突出主题鲜明一般来说看文章的首段或者首句便可知全文的主要内容如时间地点人物等新闻报道类文章清楚地告知读者whenwherewhowhathow等内容1泛读各类文章积累背景知识做阅读时背景知识对阅读理解水平有着重要的影响因此考生对文章内容的熟悉程度有时要比其本身的语言水平更重要所以考生在复习迎考时要有针对性地选读一些有关各学科知识的文章留意各类评论性文章增加一些背景知识有意识地强化记忆有关词汇以便能理解考试中将会遇到的各种内容的文章从而达到事半功倍的效果2重视文章的首段首句一般来说根据文章第一段或者仅仅根据第一句话便可知全文的主要内容如事件时间地点人物等3在阅读中要忽略人名地名不要被这些专有名词弄乱自己的思路和情绪但要理清地点的位置及人物之间的关系4做题时要先读问题再读文章之后再回归问题三变式训练1TigerConservationSafariIndiaDecember20226daysRegisternowattoursnewscientistcomandwewillcontactyousoonwithfulltourdetailsVisittheprotectedareasofTadobainsearchoftheBengaltigerputtingyourselfinforestlifeDay1ArriveinDelhiYouwillbemetonarrivalandsenttothe5starRoseateHotelYoucanspendthedayinitsrooftoppooloverlookingDelhiorexplorethecitywhichmaybeoneoftheworldslargestcitiesbutbuildingwondersnewandoldfillthecityMughaltreasuresincludingtheRedFortandJamaMasjidareaddedbymorerecentadditions添加物toDelhistraditionalbuildingssuchastheLotusandAkshardhamTemplesDay2JourneytoTadobaTaketheearlymorningflighttoNagpurOnarrivalintoNagpuryouwillbemetbyourlocalguidewhowilltakeyoutoTadobaNationalParkPartoftheparkcontainsTadobaAndhariTigerReserve保护区oneofIndiasmostexcitingandbestprotectedtigerreservesForthenext4nightsyouwillbestayingatBambooForestSafariLodgeLaterthiseveningtherewillbeawelcomedinnerDays35SafariDrivesThenextthreeclayswillfollowasimilarscheduleasyouheadintoTadobaNationalParksearchingforIndiastigersaswellastheparksmanyotherwildlifespeciesandbirdlifeThedaystartsearlyusuallybeforesunriseasthisiswhenthewildlifeisatitsmostactiveMorningsbeginwithteainbedBreakfastwillnormallybetakenintheparkDay6DepartureGotoNagpurairportforyourflightbacktoDelhiandyourjourneyhomeWecanmakeextradayssightseeingwithaprivateguidecoveringtheGoldenTriangleofDelhiJaipurandAgraincludingtheAmberFortandTheTajMahalPleaseaskformoredetails1WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDelhiAItisthelargestcityintheworldBItisaplacewithmany5starhotelsCIthasbothancientandmodernbuildingsDIthasthebestprotectedtigerreserveinIndia2WhatwillyoudofirstontheseconddayATakeaplaneBMeetyourguideCGototheparkDDrinkteainthehotel3WhenwillyougotosearchforbirdsADay1BDay2CDay6DDays352AnewstudyshowshumanactivityischangingthesoundoftheEarthsoceansandseasScientistssaythesoundchangesofouroceansseasandotherwaterwaysaffectmanymarine海洋的animalsfromverysmallshrimpstohugewhalesSoundtravelsveryfarunderwaterFrancisJuanesanecologistattheUniversityofVictoriainCanadatoldTheAssociatedPressForfishheexplainedsoundisprobablyabetterwaytosensetheirenvironmentthanlightSoundhelpsfishandothermarineanimalscommunicatewitheachotherSoundalsohelpssomeoceananimalsfindfoodandavoidtheirhuntersHoweverincreasingnoisefromhumansismakingitharderfortheseanimalstoheareachotherThenoiseiscomingfromshippingtrafficunderwaterexplorationandothernoisyhumanactivitiesFormanymarineanimalstheirattemptstocommunicatearebeingmasked遮蔽bysoundthathumanshaveproducedExpertsexplainthatmaskinghappenswhenoneormorenoisesinthewaterblocksoundimportanttoamarineanimalslivingTheoverallnumberofmarineanimalshasgonedownbyabouthalfsince1970Somestudiesshowthestressfromhumannoisemightalsoaffecttheimmune免疫的systemaswellasreproductivehealthorbehaviorImaginehavingtoraiseyourkidsinaplacethatsnoisyallthetimesaidJoeRomanamarineecologistattheUniversityofVermontWhenpeoplethinkofproblemsfacingtheoceanweoftenthinkofclimatechangeplasticsandoverfishingButnoisepollutionisanotherthingweneedpayattentiontoSoundpollutionmaybeeasiertodealwiththanotheroceanproblemsscientistJuanessaidIfwemakesomethingfortheoceanthinkabouthowtomakeitquieter4WhyissoundunderwaterimportanttooceananimalsAItchangeswithlightBIttravelsveryfastCIthelpsthemjudgeandcontacteachotherDItguidesfishermentofindingwheretheyare5WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellusAUnderwaterexplorationmustbestoppedBKidsshouldexperiencenoisetobehealthyCHumannoisebringsstresstomarineanimalsDMarineanimalshavegotusedtosoundchanges6WhatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthetextATointroducethebenefitsofsoundBToshowtheeffectsofclimatechangeCTodrawattentiontosoundpollutionDToshareamethodofstudyingtheocean7WhatwilltheauthorprobablytellusinthefollowingparagraphAHowtodealwithoverfishingBWhatisthemaincauseofclimatechangeCHowtokeepthenumberofmarineanimalsDWhatshouldbedonetoreducesoundpollution3WhenIwasaseniorhighschoolstudentmathematicslookedlikeabigbarrier障碍formeandseveralofmyclassmatesMrIyerastrictmathsteacherwasalsoourclassteacherHealwaysstucktohisdisciplineWehadtoarriveontimeandpayundividedattentiontohislecturesanddarednotforgetanyofhishomeworkEvensoasourclassteacherwegottoknowhimbetterNoticingsomeofuscouldntsitstillandseemedanxiousonedayasthemidtermexamswerecominghestoppedsolvingamathematicalproblemtoaskuswhyTherestoomuchtodowesighedWerefrightenedthatwellnevermanagetofinishrevisingbeforetheexamNothingisimpossibleMrIyertoldusThisclassroomisonthesecondfloorDoyouhaveproblemsreachinghereWerepliedwithblankstares面无表情的凝视NoyoudonthesaidansweringhisownquestionYouhaveastaircasetohelpyouclimbuptothislevelNooneexpectsyoutomakeitintwogiantleaps大跨步YousimplytakeonestepatatimeAnyproblemcanbesolvedifyouconcentrateontheimmediateactiontobetakenTherestwilltakecareofitselfifyoukeepatitOnestepatatimeThatsthesecretThenhewrotedownanoldmottothatleftadeepimpressiononmeontheblackboardthelongestjourneystartswithasinglestepHavingheardhisstaircaseanalogy比拟weunderstoodwhyheaskedusthequestionandwesawhiminanewlightAtlastmostofmyclassmatesscoredhighlyinmathsAndIwentontobecomeanEnglishteacherTothisdaywheneverIpassonMrIyersinvaluableadvicetomyownstudentstheybrightenupattheprospectofalighteracademicburden8WhatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraphAThewayMrIyertaughthisstudentsmathsBThereasonwhymathswashardfortheauthorCThestudentspointsofviewonMrIyerscharacterDThebriefintroductionoftheauthorsmathsteacherMrIyer9WhydidMrIyerstopsolvingamathematicalprobleminclassAMrIyerwasalittletiredandwantedtohavearestBSomestudentsmadetroubleandaffectedtheclassCThemathematicalproblemwasratherpuzzlingDSomestudentsseemedimpatientandupset10WhatisthesecretofreachingonesgoalaccordingtoMrIyerAThereisonlyonestepbetweensuccessandfailureBTakeactionquicklyandmakeprogresslittlebylittleCItisimportanttomakeuseofagoodopportunityDDonthesitatetoaskforhelpwhenmeetingwithbarriers11HowdoestheauthorlikeMrIyersadviceAStrangeandimpracticalBIncorrectandmisleadingCMeaningfulandvaluableDSimpleanduninteresting4GoffinscockatoosakindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasiahavebeenshowntohavesimilarshaperecognitionabilitiestoahumantwoyearoldThoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewildthebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecageInarecentexperimentcockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideitTheclearfrontoftheboxhadakeyholeinageometricshapeandthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshapedkeystochoosefromInsertingthecorrectkeywouldletoutthenutInhumansbabiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofagebutitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical对称的shapesThisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledanallocentricframeofreferenceIntheexperimentGoffinscockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejobinmostcasesbyvisualrecognitionaloneWheretrialanderrorwasusedthecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartestsThisindicatesthatGoffinscockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspacesimilartotwoyearoldbabiesThenextstepaccordingtotheresearchersistotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues线索oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections12HowdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperimentAByfollowinginstructionsBByusingatoolCByturningtheboxaroundDByremovingthelid13WhichtaskcanhumanoneyearoldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetextAUsingakeytounlockadoorBTellingparrotsfromotherbirdsCPuttingaballintoaroundholeDGroupingtoysofdifferentshapes14WhatdoesthefollowuptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoosAHowfartheyareabletoseeBHowtheytrackmovingobjectsCWhethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeysDWhethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest15WhichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextACockatoosQuickErrorCheckersBCockatoosIndependentLearnersCCockatoosCleverSignalReadersDCockatoosSkilfulShapeSorters5HaveyouevernoticedthereissomedifferencebetweencitytreesandforesttreesAnewstudyfindscitytreesgrowfasterbutdieyoungerthantreesinruralforestryAsweallknowtheearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutcarbondioxideHowevercarbondioxideisagreenhousegasmeaningittrapsenergyfromthesunasheatThatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundriseHumanactivitiesespeciallythewidespreadburningoffossilfuelshavebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheairThishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobeStudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbcarbondioxidebuttherehadntbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrowdieandabsorbcarbondioxideatthesamerateasforesttreesdoSosomeresearchersdecidedtofindoutTofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowingresearcherstrackedtheirdiametersthewidthoftheirtrunksbetween2005and2014AtreesdiameterincreasesasitgrowsjustasapersonswaistsizeincreasesastheygainweightTheresearchhasshownabouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbonwhilemostoftherestiswaterOverthenineyearstrackingtheresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbondioxidefromtheairasforesttreesHowevertheyweretwiceaslikelytodieSooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftreeforesttreesactuallyabsorbedmorecarbondioxideCitytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhavelesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighborsInaforesttreestendtogrowclosetogethershadingtheirneighborsStreettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen氮inrainwaterNitrogenhelpsplantsgrowWastegasesfromgasburningcarsalsocontainnitrogenthusenrichingcityairwithnitrogenLaterrainwatermaywashmuchofittothegroundSomestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak16WhatisParagraph2mainlyaboutAThegreenhousegasdoesharmtotheearthBCarbondioxideplaysapartinkeepingtheearthstemperatureCCarbondioxidecanheattheearthDOnlyhumanactivitiesmakethetemperaturerise17WhatinformationcanatreediametertellAHowatreeistransplantedBHowlongatreeisCHowoldatreeisDHowmuchwateratreecontains18HowdocitytreesdifferfromforesttreesofthesametypeoverthelifetimeintheresearchATheycouldlivetwicelongerthanforesttreesBTheytookinlesscarbondioxidethanforesttreesCTheycouldabsorbmorecarbondioxidethanforesttreesDTheyweightedheavierthanforesttrees19WhatadvantagedocitytreeshaveATheyhavenocompetitionBTheygrowclosertogetherCTheygetmorenutritionlikenitrogenDTheyhavebetteraccesstorainwater一1答案B解析理解具体信息根据第二段尾句可知公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车带手刹和排挡的自行车带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车故选2答案C解析理解具体信息根据部分所列表格的内容可知带手刹的三挡自行车的日租金为欧元每多一天收欧元故租两天为欧元故选3答案D解析理解具体信息根据尾段倒数第二句可知有导游的城市观光每天下午一点开始每小时整点从出发故选1答案C解析理解具体信息根据第一段中的和和第二段中的以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出是一个喜欢刨根问底喜欢探索的人故选2答案D解析根据第三段中的污泥可知修建水箱是为了清理污泥中的有害物质为此他在水箱里放了一些动植物第四段中的表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化据此可以推断在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果故选3答案B解析推断上文讲到了的发明成功了根据第五段的中心句可知多年来做了很多重大的工作本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明的发明及其理念在实践中的应用故项正确为了回顾的研究计划为了展示的理念的实际应用为了比较的不同工作为了消除对的发明的怀疑故选4答案A解析本文主要围绕的疑问展开即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的岩石后往往会变得清澈这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱呢正是在这个疑问的指引下发明了生态设计因此发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力且最后一段中的也印证了的工作依据就在于自我修复这一理念故选1答案B解析理解具体信息题干问的是在文章开头作者描述的是什么现象根据第一段中的城市居民越来越难以接触大自然以及在一个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的可知在城市里很难接触大自然故选2答案D解析推断题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因根据第四段第一句话在份提交的材料中一种被研究人员称为自然语言的类别模式开始出现可知研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律故选3答案C解析推断题干问的是我们从第五段所举的例子中可以学到什么根据第五段所举的例子可知年轻的职业人土周末可以在公园徒步旅行周内可以沿着喷泉散步用不同的形式去体验自然即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式故选4答案B解析理解具体信息题干问的是在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该做些什么根据最后一段的话为了实现这一点我们还需要保护自然以便与之互动可知我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然故选B三11答案C解析细节理解题根据Day1ArriveinDelhi中的YoucanspendthedayinitsrooftoppooloverlookingDelhiorexplorethecitywhichmaybeoneoftheworld5slargestcitiesbutbuildingwondersnewandoldfillthecity可知Delhi既有古代建筑也有现代建筑2答案A解析细节理解题根据Day2JourneytoTadoba中的TaketheearlymorningflighttoNagpur可知第二天你首先要坐飞机3答案D解析细节理解题根据Days35TourDrives中的ThenextthreedayswillfollowasimilarscheduleasyouheadintoTadobaNationalParksearchingforIndiastigersaswellastheparksmanyotherwildlifespeciesandbirdlife可知你可以在第35天路程中去找鸟24答案C解析细节理解题根据第二段的最后两句Soundhelpsfishavoidtheirhunters声音帮助鱼类和其他海洋动物相互交流声音还可以帮助一些海洋动物寻找食物躲避捕猎者可知声音可以帮助海洋动物判断和联系彼此5答案C解析主旨大意题根据第三段段首中心句Howeverincreasingnoiseeachother然而越来越多的来自人类的噪声正使这些动物更难听到彼此和后文中的thestressfromhumannoisemightalsoaffect可知本段主要介绍了来自人类的噪声给海洋动物带来了压力6答案C解析推理判断题根据文章最后一段中的Butnoisepollutionisanotherthingweneedpayattentionto以及科学家Juanes说的话可知作者写这篇文章是为了引起人们对噪声污染的注意7答案D解析推理判断题根据最后一段中的Ifwemakesomethingfortheoceanthinkabouthowtomakeitquieter如果我们要为海洋做些什么想想如何让它更安静吧可推知文章接下来可能会介绍应该做些什么来减少噪声污染38答案D解析主旨大意题第一段第一句当我还是一名高中生时对我和我的一些同学来说数学似乎是一个很大的障碍引出了下文对数学老师的介绍Iyer老师是一位严格的数学老师也是我们的班主任他总是坚持他的纪律我们必须准时到达专心听课不敢忘记他的任何作业由此可知第一段简略介绍了作者的数学老师Iyer故选D9答案D解析细节理解题根据文章第二段中的Noticingsomeofuscouldntsitstillandseemedanxious和hestoppedsolvingamathematicalproblemtoaskuswhy可知Iyer老师看到学生坐立不安所以停止了教学学生坐立不安与D项中的impatientandupset的意思一致故选D10答案B解析细节理解题根据第三段中Iyer老师的话YousimplytakeonestepatatimeAnyproblemcanbesolvedifyouconcentrateontheimmediateactiontobetakenThatsthesecret你只需一步一个脚印如果你专注于立即采取的行动任何问题都可以解决那就是秘诀可知Iyer老师认为达到目标的秘诀是立即行动并逐步取得进步故选B11答案C解析推理判断题由最后一段最后一句TothisdaywheneverIpassonMrIyersinvaluableadvicetomyownstudentstheybrightenupattheprospectofalighteracademicburden时至今日每当我向自己的学生传授Iyer老师的宝贵的建议时他们都会因减轻学业负担的可能性而高兴起来可知作者认为Iyer老师的建议是有意义的宝贵的故选C412答案B解析理解具体信息根据第一段中的Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewildthebirdshaveprovedskillfulattooluse可知实验中凤头鹦鹉通过使用工具拿到了盒子里的果仁故选B项13答案C解析推断根据第二段首句Inhumansbabiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage可知在大约一岁时婴儿就能将圆形物体放入圆孔中由此可推知C项正确14答案D解析理解具体信息根据最后一段信息可知研究人员下一步将查明凤头鹦鹉是否完全依靠视觉线索还是也需要使用触觉来对物体的形状作出选择15答案D解析理解文章主旨要义综观全文尤其是根据文章首句GoffinscockatoosakindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasiahavebeenshowntohavesimilarshaperecognitionabilitiestoahumantwoyearold可知文章主要讲述凤头鹦鹉出色的形状识别能力故D项作文章标题最佳516答案B解析主旨大意题根据文章第二段全段AsweallknowtheearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutcarbondioxideHowevercarbondioxideisagreenhousegasmeaningittrapsenergyfromthesunasheatThatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundriseHumanactivitiesespeciallythewidespreadburningoffossilfuelshavebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheairThishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe可知我们都知道如果没有二氧化碳地球会变得冰冷或灼热然而二氧化碳是一种温室气体意味着它以热量的形式吸收来自太阳的能量这使得地面附近的温度上升人类活动特别是化石燃料的广泛燃烧已经向空气中排放了额外的温室气体这导致了全球平均气温的上升因此可知文章第二段主要论述了二氧化碳在保持地球温度方面起着重要作用B项意为二氧化碳在保持地球温度方面起着重要作用符合题意故B项正确A项温室气体对地球有害C项二氧化碳可以使地球变暖D项只有人类活动才会使气温上升均不符合文意故正确答案为B17答案C解析细节理解题根据文章第四段第一二句Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowingresearcherstrackedtheirdiametersthewidthoftheirtrunksbetween2005and2014Atreesdiameterincreasesasitgrowsjustasapersonswaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight可知为了弄清楚树木生长得有多快研究人员在2005年至2014年间追踪了它们的直径树干的宽度一棵树的直径会随着它的成长而增大就像人的腰围会随着体重的增加而增大一样因此可知树木的直径能告诉我们一棵树的年龄故正确答案为C18答案B解析细节理解题根据文章第四段最后一句Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftreeforesttreesactuallyabsorbedmorecarbondioxide可知所以在每一种树木的一生中森林中的树木实际上吸收了更多的二氧化碳因此可知在研究中城市树木与同一类型的森林树木在一生中的不同是它们吸收的二氧化碳比森林树木要少故正确答案为B19答案C解析细节理解题根据文章第五段第三四五句Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen氮inrainwaterNitrogenhelpsplantsgrowWastegasesfromgasburningcarsalsocontainnitrogenthusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen可知街道树木也受益于雨水中较高的氮含量氮有助于植物生长燃气汽车排放的废气中也含有氮从而使城市空气中富含氮因此可知城市树木的优势是它们能得到更多的营养比如氮故正确答案为C