365文库
登录
注册
福利来袭，限时免费在线编辑
转Pdf
下载我编辑的
下载原始文档
收藏
眼中
上传于：2024-06-12
中考语法复习：介词的讲解及提升练习
一、定义：
介词：是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。
二、介词短语的句法作用
1、介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。
如：The man came .(状)
The woman is from the countryside.(定)
The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)
2、介词短语在句子中的位置：
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾。
如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾；
介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。
如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语)
They searched the room for the thief.
The letters are for you.(表语)
Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)
三、介词用法
表时间的介词：
1.at通常用于：(表示在某个时刻或者瞬间)
at+时间点,节日(泛指圣诞节、新年等整个假期时，要用at)如：
at 7:30; at lunch time; at Christmas 在圣诞节期间
固定词组搭配：at dawn, at night, at midnight, at noon, at that time, at the moment
2. on通常用于：(表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等)
on+具体时间（日期，星期几）
on October 1st ; on Monday; on a rainy morning; on Teachers’ Day
on Christmas Day 在圣诞节这一天
3. in通常用于：(表示在一段时间里)
①in+世纪/年/月/季节/早/中/晚
in the 20th century, in the late 18th century
②特定的年龄段，in his thirties （在他30多岁时）
补充1：
表示“在一段时间之后”，句子常用一般将来时。
e.g. He will come back in an hour.他一小时后会回来。
表示“在一段时间之内”，句子常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
e.g.There as once an artist. He could draw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
注意：在含有this、that 、these、those、next、 last 、today、tomorrow、 yesterday等词
或词组前不用介词。
4.since和for
两者都表示一段时间，可以用于完成时；
since + 时间段 + ago/+ 时间点/一般过去时句子，for +时间段。
e.g. Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.
Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years.
* since 和for 可以进行句型转换：
He has been in this school since nine years ago.
= He has been in this school for nine years.
* 对since/for+时间 进行提问时，用how long.
补充：
介词for：1.为了 My mother bought a present for me.
2. 对于 It’s difficult for him to finish the task.
3. 因为 I am sorry for his misfortune.
5.until和by
by意为“不迟于，到…时(为止）”，其前多用结束性动词。
e.g.We can finish the work by the end of this month.
until用于肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，用于否定句中“not.....until.....”意为“直到……才”.
e.g.she didn't come back home until September.
6. 其他常见的时间介词
after在…以后 after 3 days
before在…以前 3 days before
past过了…(时) 20 past 8 (8点20分)
to到(下一时刻) 20 to 8 (7点40)
through(out) 贯穿…(期间) through(out) the year
from从…(时)起 from now on
by到…为止 till直到…时 until直到…时
ever since从那时起至今
表地点的介词
1.in和at
at表示较小的地点：at the bus stop ，at home
in表示较大的地方：in China ，in the world
注意：
①门牌号码用at。
e g：Mary lives at 33 Forest Road. 玛丽住在森林路33号。
②街名要用in。
e g：Jane lives in Albert street. 珍妮住在艾尔泊特大街。
③谈到楼层时用on。
e g：Tom lives in a flat on the fourth floor. 汤姆住在四楼的一套房间里。
表方位的介词
1.on、over和 above
on意为“在……的上面”；表示两物体接触。
over意为“在……（垂直）的正上方”；反义词：under
above意为“在……（不一定垂直）的上方”，高于；反义词：below
注意：*其中 on 还有“关于”的意思。 over 也有“在....期间”的意思
e.g. a report on school uniform/over the breakfast
2.across和through 穿过、越过
across指“从……表面穿过”或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作。
through指“从……内部穿过”；在立体空间中“穿过”。
e g：There were so many cars . She had to walk across the street quickly.
He swam across the river.
e g：At last he walked through the forest and saw the village.
3.in front of 和in the front of
in front of 表“在…之前”，外部
e.g. There are some trees in front of the classroom.
in the front of表“在……的前部”，内部
e.g. Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.
4.地理位置：in、to和on
①in表示在某一地区的某方位，属于某范围—— A in B
e.g. Beijing is in the north of China.
②to表示某一地区之外的某方位，不属于该范围—— A to B
e.g. Japan is to the east of China.
③on表示两地相接壤—— A on B
e.g. Korea is on the east of China.
介词用图示的方法归纳列举如下:
介 词
图 示
意 义
例 句
1
in
在…之内
The students are reading in the classroom.
学生们在教师里读书。
2
on
在…上面
The boat is on the river.
那条船在河上。
3
over
在…正上方
There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。
4
under
在…正下方
The girl is sitting under the tree.
小女孩坐在树下。
5
above
在…上方
The plane flew above the clouds.
飞机在云上飞行。
6
below
在…下方
The sun sinks below the horizon.
太阳沉没在地平线下。
7
by
在…旁边
Our house is by the river.
我们的房子在河边。
beside
Come and sit beside me.
过来坐在我旁边。
8
near
在…附近
I don’t need a car because I live near the city centre .
我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。
9
next to
紧挨…
My best friend sits next to me in class.
上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
10
behind
在…后面
Olive hid behind a tree.
奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。
11
before
在…之前
My teacher likes telling some jokes before class.
我的老师喜欢在上课前讲一些笑话。
12
outside
在…外面
He parked his car outside the cinema.
他把汽车停在电影院外面。
13
to
到…去
We walked to the fruit shop.
我们步行到水果店。
14
from
从…来
I am from London.
我来自于伦敦。
15
around
围绕…
The Earth moves around the sun .
地球绕着太阳转。
16
between
在…之间（指二者）
The letter B is between A and C.
字母B在A和C之间。
17
among
在…之间（指三者或三者以上）
He is the tallest boy among us.
他是我们中最高的男孩。
18
across
横过、越过…
If the road is busy, don’t walk across it.
如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。
19
through
穿过…
We drove through the tunnel.
我们开车穿过了隧道。
20
onto
向上
The men lift the baskets onto the trucks.
人们把篮子运上卡车。
21
into
进入到…之内
They put the apples into the baskets.
他们把苹果放进篮子里。
22
out of
从…出来
Don’t look out of the window in class.
上课时不要朝窗外看。
23
along
沿着
Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see the post office.
沿着这条街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到邮局。
24
up
向上
The monkeys climbed up the trees to pick the bananas.
猴子爬上树上去摘香蕉。
25
down
向下
The ball is rolling down the hill.
球正往山下滚。
表示方式的介词
1.by、in和on——表交通
①by + 交通工具，意为“乘坐……”。
e.g.海：be ship / boat / sea /陆：by bus / car / train / bike / taxi /空：by air / plane / spaceship
②on / in + 限定词 + 交通工具，意为“乘坐……”。
在开放或半封闭型工具前用on ;/在封闭型工具前用in。
e.g. He goes to work on the bike / in his car.
on foot为固定短语，意为“步行”。
* 小口诀：
介词用来表交通，常把by, in, on来用；
限定、复数用in / on，by要直通海陆空；
骑马、骑车惯用on，小轿车前in才通。
2.in、with、through和by——“用”
①in主要表示 “用语言、笔墨、声音等”；
②with表示“用具体有形的东西”；
③through通过具体过程，途径，手段，中介;
④by表示“用……手段或方式”，后+动名词。
e.g. Can you sing this song in English?
I write my homework with a pen.
I learned it through a friend.
The girl made money by selling flowers.
补充1：in穿戴 I am in a red dress.
补充2：with与......“一起，和，用”，做伴随状语。反义词：without 没有
e.g. I go to the park with my mother./You can write with a pen.
She is a woman with a three-year-old baby.
补充3：* within 在......之内；不超过……的范围
e.g Within 3 days, he will arrive here.
四、易混介词辨析
1.between 和among——之间
between常指 “在……两者之间”；
among用于指“在……三者或三者以上的人或物之间”。
e.g. Maria sits between Lucy and Lily. /Miss Wang stands among her students.
2. but、besides和except——除了.....之外
①besides—除了...之外，还有......
②but/ expert—除了....之外，（不再有）
but侧重指意义的几乎完整性，其后常+名词、代词或动词不定式。
but 常用在 every, any, no 和由这些词构成的复合词出现的句子中，并放在 everything,
anywhere, nobody 等以及 all, who 之后。
e.g. Nobody was late but you.
we have no choice but to wait for his reply.
* 注意：
当but前面有实义动词do或do的其他变化形式时,只加动词原形.。
e.g. I did nothing but wait there for two hours.
③except 其后接的词同句子的主语是同类的，指在同类的众多个体中除去一个个体。侧
重指后面除去的部分。
e.g. All the students go to the zoo except Jim.
补充：
* except for 其后所接的词同句子的主语不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方
面。即“美中不足”
e.g. Your writing is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
* except that+ 从句。
e.g. He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.
3.at和to
at同某些动词连用表攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意；
to只表示方向，无恶意。
e.g.Tom threw the stone at those dogs.（恶意的扔，“砸”）
I threw the ball to my sister and she caught it.（单纯的扔东西）
4.of 和from——材料介词
of用于成品与材料的性质不变时，看得出原材料。
e.g. The desk is made of wood.
from用于成品与材料的性质已变时，看不出原材料。
e.g. Wine is made from grapes.
5.like和as——像
e.g. The building looks like a hospital.
This dress is the same as that one.
* as 还有“作为”的意思
e.g. Let me talk with you as a father.
五、常见介词短语
1.介词和动词搭配
do well in在.....方面做得好 laugh at嘲笑 look like 看起来像
depend on 依靠.... leave for出发 talk to与........谈话
2.介词和名词搭配
in time 及时 on time 准时 in trouble 有麻烦
answer to ....的答案 at the end of 在....底 in low voice 用低音
3.介词和形容词、过去分词搭配
be made of由...制成 be angry with sb对某人生气
be angry at sth. 为某事生气 be pleased with sb对某人感到满意
be satisfied with sth. 对某事感到满意 be surprised at对.....感到惊奇/诧异
be tired of讨厌... be interested in对.....感兴趣 be proud of以......为自豪/骄傲
巩固提升
一、单选题
1．The movie of Cinderella, a famous tale, will be released ________ February 5th, 2021.
A．on B．at C．in D．by
2．________ a spring morning, a bird flew into our classroom and we were very excited to see it.
A．In B．On C．At D．For
3．Perhaps no more cormorant fishermen will be left in the world _________ 50 years.
A．since B．in C．during D．for
4．The police suspect that the two cases may be linked _________ each other.
A．for B．with C．on D．from
5．Soccer star Diego Armando Maradona（马拉多纳） passed away ________ November 25th, 2020.
A．in B．on C．at D．from
6．一I'm thirsty. I'd like a glass of orange juice. What about you, Dad?
一I prefer a cup of coffee nothing in it.
A．with B．without C．for D．to
7．People always send greeting to each other through Wechat ________ New Year's Day.
A．in B．on C．at D．of
8．Linda and Lily are doing a survey and they will finish the report ________ August.
A．in B．from C．to D．on
9．More and more people go to work ________ public transport instead of driving private cars.
A．for B．of C．by D．with
10．Kobe Bryant, one of the greatest basketball players in the world, died ________ January 26, 2020.
A．at B．of C．in D．on
11．It’s a pity that Kobe Bean Bryant, the famous basketball player, passed away ________January.
A．in B．on C．of D．at
12．________ two hours, I am sure the painting will be completed.
A．For B．With C．In D．At
13．The first computers the 1940s were bigger than cars.
A．in B．on C．at D．since
14． the morning of April 1st, Tracy played a joke on her best friend by phone.
A．In B．On C．At D．To
15．There wa