2023年初中英语语法：形容词常考词汇3.doc

2023年初中英语语法：形容词常考词汇 区别分析(3) 一、anxious与eager的用法辨析 1.表示“担心的”“焦虑的”这一意义时，只能用 anxious，不用eager;表示“为……担心”，一般后接介词 about， for。如: an anxious mother 焦虑不安的母亲 He is anxious about [for] her safety.他担心她的安全。 I'm not in the slightest anxious about it.我一点儿也不为它担心。 He was anxious about the safety of his children.他为孩子们的安全担忧。 This news made her anxious for the safety of her son who was working in the flood area.这消息使她为儿子的安全而焦虑不安，因为他正在洪灾地区工作。 2.表示“热切的”“渴望的”这一意义时，两者都可用，但有以下几点需注意: ①anxious 之后一般用介词 for，而 eager 之后可接介词 for,after,about等。如: She has been anxious about your return.她一直盼望你回来。 He was eager for a quick cure. 他急于赶快治好。 He's eager for [after] knowledge.他求知心切。 He was eager for a quick cure. 他急于赶快治好。 He is eager for [after, about] success. 他渴望成功。 ②两者之后均可接“(for sb)+不定式”，表示“渴望或想要(某人)做某事”。如: He is always eager to win. 他总是求胜心切。 They all rushed over, eager to help.他们都跑了过来急于帮助。 She is always anxious to please. 她老是极力想讨好人。 She's eager for us to see her work. 她热切希望我们看到她的活儿。 We are eager for you to come to the party. 我们很希望你来参加晚会。 Being anxious to please him, I bought him a nice present.因为我想讨好他，我给他买了一件好礼物。 She's anxious for her daughter to win the competition.她盼望她女儿赢得比寒。 ③两者之后均可接 that 从句，目从句语语一般都用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。如: He's eager that they (should) come to see him. 他很希望他们来看他。 We are eager that he should help us. 我们希望他能帮我们一把。 They were anxious that aid should be sent promptly他们盼望援助物品迅速送到。 有时也用 shall。如: We are anxious that he shall be given a chance to try it out. 我们热切希望能给他机会试一试。 二、expensive 与dear的用法区别 1.两者都可表示“昂贵的”:expensive 通常指物美价高，非购买者财力所能及;dear 主要指普通日用品因暂时的供应不足而造成的价格涨。如: It is expensive to stay in that hotel.住那家旅馆很贵。 Living in the country is less expensive than in the city. 住在乡间比住在城里花钱少。 He gives expensive gifs to his family for Christmas. 他给家里人买昂贵的圣诞礼物。 Bananas are very dear this week. 这个星期香蕉很贵。 2.两者虽然都表示“贵”，但主要用于说明具体的事物，而不用于说明 price，如“这外套太贵”译成英语不能是:The price of the coat istoo expensive. 可改为:The coat is too expensive./ The price of the coat is too high 三、economic与economical的用法区别 economic与economical均可表示“经济的”，其区别可简单地概括为:economic 主要与“财政”有关，economical主要与“节约”有关。 一、economic的用法: 1.经济的，与经济有关的 The economic outlook is bright.经济前景非常光明。 This is a political as well as an economic question.这是一个政治也是经济问题。 These problems are social rather than economic.这些是社会问题而不是经济问题。 Is inflation symptomatic of economic decline?通货膨胀是经济衰退的征兆吗? Beijing is the political,economic and cultural centre of China.北京是中国政治、经济和文化的中心。 2.可赚钱的，有经济效益的 this not always economic for buses to nun on Sundays.公共汽车星期日行驶不一定准台钱。 二、economical 表示:经济的，节俭的，节约的 Going by train is more economical than going by plane. 坐火车比坐飞机更节约。 Coke is an economical fuel but it leaves a lot of ash.焦炭是一种很经济的燃料，可是燃烧后剩下很多灰。 He suggested a method at once economical and practical. 他提出了一个既经济又切实可行的办法。 四、alive, living, live的用法区别与辨析 alive, living, live 这三个形容词均可表示“活着的”，区别如下: 1. alive 主要用作表语(有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语)，可用于人或动物。如: It's a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着，真是奇迹。 The fish we caught is still alive. 我们捉的鱼还活着。 We can't help thinking he's still alive. 我们总是认为他还活着。 They're just hoping against hope that she's still alive. 他们对她仍然活着仍抱一线希望。 She still clings to the belief that her son is alive.她仍然坚信她的儿子还活着。 但是，若 alive 本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。如: He is a really alive young man. 他的确是一个十分活跃的年轻人。 2.living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如: Both plants and animals are living things.动物和植物都是生物。 No man living could have done better.当今的人没有一个能做的更好。 Some few of the survivors are still living. 当时幸免于难的人有几个人还活着。 Living creatures must be adaptable to environmental change.生物必须能适应环境的变化。 alive 和 living 表示“活着的”，两者含义很接近，只要句法适合，有时可互换。如: 谁是当代最伟大的诗人? Who is the greatest living poet? Who is the greatest poet alive? 若需严格区分，两者仍有差别:living 通常是客观描述某人“尚在人间”或“健在”，而 alive 则主要指生与死的“界限”。如: He was still alive when I reached the hospital.当我赶到医院时他还活着。 3. live 通常只用作定语(前置)，