2023年初中英语语法：形容词常考词汇2.doc

2023年初中英语语法：形容词常考词汇 区别分析(2) 一、high与tall的用法区别与比较 high 和 tall 都可表示“高”，但它们的用法有区别: 1.tall 表示某物或某人从顶部到底部的距离，其反义词是 short (接);high 表示某物高出地面的距离，其反义词是 low(低)。比如:父亲比 儿子 tal1,但若儿子站到椅子上，则说儿子比父亲 high。又如:在一张桌子上放了几个高脚玻璃杯，一个小孩拿不到，他可能会说:Those tall glasses are too high for me to reach.(那几个高脚玻璃杯对我来说太高了，我拿不到)。 2.指人的高度时一般用 tal1。如: You look tall beside her. 和她比起来，你显得要高些。 She has a tall graceful form. 她有着高大优雅的外形。 He was tall and strong in person. 他长得又高又壮。 He is a very tall man, easy to spot in a crowd. 他是个非常高的人，在人群中容易认出来。 Middle-aged, tall and thin, he looked a typical farmer 他是中年人，瘦高个儿，看起来是个典型的农民。 但是，若说出了人的具体高度，则也可用 high。如: The man is six feet tall [high]. 这个人身高 6英尺。 3.表示细长之物(如树、竹竿、桅杆、烟肉、塔、建筑物等)的高度时，用 high.tall均可。如: The wheat was as high as the breast.麦子高与胸齐。 The garden’s got very high walls. 园子有很高的围墙。 The house is so high and narrow as to resemble a tower 这房子又高又窄，像一座塔。 He quickly climbed a tall tree. 他迅速吧到一棵大树上。 The seed grew into a tall tree. 种子长成了一棵大树。 There are few tall houses on the shore of the lake.湖岸上没什么高房子。 I was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building. 我不敢从高楼的顶部往下看。 They came to a little stream. whose banks (=and its banks) were lined with tall trees.他们来到一条小溪旁，两岸都是高高的树子。 4.表示抽象意义的高，一般只用 high。如: He takes a pill to reduce his high blood pressure.他吃了1片药以降血压。 Oranges have a high vitamin C content.橙子的维生素C含量很高。 He demanded too high a price of me.他向我索价太高。 The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug. 该药昂贵而影响广泛应用。 Money earns more in a high interest account.钱放在高利息的账户里获利多。 Only high officials had access to the president. 只有高级官员才可以接近总统。 One of the main attractions of the job is the high salary.这份工作最吸引人的就是薪水高。 二、final与last的用法比较与辨析 1.两者都可指顺序上的“最后”，有时可换用。如: The final last word in this dictionary is "zoom".这本词典的最后一个单词是“zoom”。 2.last 主要指一个系列(如顺序、位置、时间等)的最后，暗示其后不跟有其他人或东西。如: He is sitting in the last row 他坐在最后一排。 He was the last to arrive. 他是最后一个到的。 December is the last month of the year.12 月是一年的最后一个月。 the final phase of the hospital building programme 医院兴建计划的最后阶段 有时指“剩下的”。如: He had spent his last shilling. 他把最后的一点钱也花了。 3.final 不侧重指顺序上的最后,而是表示以此作为结束或到达终点。如: Final victory is ours.最后的胜利是我们的。 This is the last chance any of us has. 对我们中间任何人来说，这是最后一次机会。 I live in the last house but two in this street,我住在这条街上倒数第3座房子里。 The final exam may present some problems，期末考试可能会带来一些问题。 It is almost late for you to catch the last bus.天晚了，你快赶不上末班公共汽车了。 The final item of the English evening was wonderful.英语晚会的乐台节目很精彩。 三、chief与main的用法辨析与比较 chief与 main 均可用作形容词，意为“主要的”“首要的”，注意以下用法: 1.两者通常都只用作定语，一般不用作表语，有时可互换。如: the chief [main] task 主要任务 the chief [main] cities of Japan 日本的主要城市 the chief [main] points of my argument 我的主要论点 the chief[main] problem 主要问题 Gardening is one of her chief[main]enjoyments. 园艺工作是她的主要乐趣之一。 What is that country's chief [main] product? 那个国家的主要产品是什么? Darwin thinks that natural selection is the chief[main] factor in the development of species.达尔文认为自然淘汰是物种发展中的主要因素。 2.用于人时，通常用 chief 而不用 main。如: the chief engineer 总工程师 the chief cook主厨 the chief secretary 总书记 Chief Executive Officer 执行总裁，首席执行官(简称CEO) They constituted him chief adviser. 他们委任他为首席顾问。 She was his chief aid in his business.她是州在经商方面的主要肋手。 3.表示整体中的主要部分或主要的力量，通常用main。如: main pipe 总管道 the main clause 主句 the main force 主力军 It is the main building on (the) campus. 那是校园里的主要建筑物。 Trffic was halted for several hours on the main coastal highway.在沿海岸的主干道上，交通瘫痪了好几个小时。 四、certain与sure的用法区别与比较 1.两者都可用作表语表示“一定”或“确信”，有时可互换。如: She's certain [sure] to win. 她肯定会赢。 She's certain [sure to do well in the examination.她考试一定考得好。 If you do this, you are sure [certain] to be found out 如果你这样做一定会被发现。 He is sure [certain] to sign the contract. 他一定会签合同。 He is certain [sure] of winning the match. 他确信能赢这场比赛。 当用于 for certain /for sure, 意为“肯定地”“确切地”等，两者可互换。如: I don't know for certain [sure]. 我知道得不确切。 She may come but she can't say for certain [sure]. 她会来，但她没说什么时候来。 还有，用于make certain/make sure，意为“弄清楚”“弄得有把握”，两者也可互换。如: Please make certain [sure] that the river is not deep before you swim there.请你搞清楚河水确实不深再去游泳。 I made certain [sure] that I had my keys before I left the house.我在离开家以前先弄清楚确实带好了钥匙。 2.以下情况通常只用certain，而不用sure : ①当句中用了形式主语或形式宾语it时。如: It's certain that he'll come tomorrow.他明天肯定会来。 I thought it certain that he would be late. 我肯定他会迟到。 ②当表示“某一”“某些”等时。如: A certain Mrs Black rang me up today but she'd got the wrong number.今天有个布莱克太太打电话来，但她拔错了号码。 Certain traits set them apart from the others.他们的某些特点使他们与众不同。 Certain names in the book were underlined throughout,书中在某些名字下面都田了线。 3.在 Be sure (not) to do sth.(一定要或不要做某事)结构中通常不用 certain。如: Be sure not to become conceited.切不可骄傲。 Be sure to lock your bicycle.自行车务必上锁。 Be sure to tun off the light when you go to bed. 上床睡觉时一定要关灯。 4.有许多人认为，sure的主语只能是人，不能是事物;当主语是事物时，应用certain。其实，这是一种误解。关于sure的主语问题，有以 下几点值得注意: ①当表示说话者的态度或看法时，句子主语可以是人也可以是物。由于此时用人作主语的情形同学们比较熟悉，所以下面只举几句用物作 主语的例子。如: It's sure to rain tomorrow. 肯定要下雨了。 这类句子通常可以用I'm sure that…来替换。如: It's sure to rain tomorrow.=I'm sure that it will rain tomorrow. The train is sure to arrive on time.=I'm sure that the train will arrive on time ②当表示句子主语的判断或信念时，句子的主语只能是人，不能是物。因为从逻辑上讲，只有“人”才能作出判断，才有自己的信念。 如: I' m sure I won't lose my way. 我肯定不会迷路的。 I'm sure