2024年中考英语人教版（山东）一轮专题复习学案-专训7 动词和动词短语.doc

专训七 动词和动词短语 【图解语法】
【知识清单】 【考向1】 常见的易混动词辨析 1. 注重动词词义的辨析,特别是同义动词的辨析。例如: (1)accept和receive:accept意为“接受”,指主观上愿意接受;receive意为“收到”,指客观上收到或拿到(主观上不一定接受)。 (2)consider和regard:consider强调经过考虑后得出比较客观的看法。consider相当于think about,意为“考虑”,后接动名词,consider doing sth.,意为“考虑做某事”;regard强调主观上的认为。 (3)beat和win:beat意为“打败”,后接表示人或球队的名词作宾语;win意为“赢;获胜”,用作及物动词时,后面接match、 game、 race等表示某种比赛的名词作宾语,表示“(在竞争、斗争或竞赛中)获胜”,而不接参加比赛的对手。win侧重于赢得比赛或比赛的名次或奖品。 (4)remind和remember:remind意为“提醒;使想起”,remind sb. 表示“提醒某人”,remind sb. of sth./sb.表示“使某人想起某事/某人”, remind sb. to do sth.表示“提醒某人去做某事(动作尚未发生)”,remind sb.+that...表示“提醒某人……”;remember意为“记得;记住”,remember doing sth.表示“记得过去/曾经做过的事”(表明动作已完成),remember to do sth.表示“记住要去做某事”(表明动作还未做,尚未完成)。类似的词还有forget、 stop、 try。 (5)remain和stay:remain意为“停留;逗留”,可指人逗留在某个场所,也可指物被留在某个场所或保持原来的形状或状态;stay意为“停留;逗留”,它只表示人逗留在某个场所,不能用于物。 (6)take、 spend、 pay和 cost:take意为“花费”,多用来表达花费时间,其常用的句型:①sth. take(s) (sb.) some time;②It takes sb. some time to do sth.; spend意为“花费”,后接介词on或in, on后接名词,in 后接doing形式, in常省略,其常用的句型:①sb. spend(s)+时间/金钱+on sth.;②sb. spend(s)+ 时间/金钱+(in) doing sth.; pay意为“花费”,侧重于“付款;给……报酬”,它的主语只能是人,后面常常与for连用,常用的句型:sb. pay(s) some money for sth.; cost多指“花费金钱;某物值多少钱”,cost无被动语态,常用的句型:①sth. cost(s) sb. some money; ②It costs sb. some money to do sth.。 【考向2】 常见的易混动词短语辨析 (一)同一动词+不同介词(副词)型 make短语 be made...的结构:be made in+地点,意为“在某地制造”;be made by+人,意为“由(被)某人制造”;be made of+材料(能看出原材料),意为“由某物制成”;be made from+材料(看不出原材料),意为“由某物制成”;be made to do sth.,意为“被迫去做某事” 含有make的短语:make sure务必,make friends with sb.和某人交朋友,make tea泡茶,make the bed铺床,make fun of取笑,make a living谋生,make a mistake犯错误,make up one's mind下定决心,make great progress取得很大的进步,make faces at sb.朝某人做鬼脸, make a decision做决定, make money赚钱, make room (for)...给……腾出地方,make one's way to...往……走去, make it 获得成功;准时到达,make sb. do sth.让或迫使某人做某事 turn短语 turn on打开(灯、自来水、家用电器等),turn off 关掉(灯、自来水、家用电器等),turn down 调低(音量);拒绝,turn up调高(音量);出现;露面;到场,turn into变成,turn over把……翻过来,turn out证明是;结果是,turn in上交 come短语 come along出现;快点,come back=be back回来,come down下来;下降;跌价,come from=be from来自,come on赶快;加油,come in进来,come out出来;出版,come over顺便来访,come true实现;达到,come up走过来;发生,come up with提出,come across(无意中)遇到 go短语 go for a walk 散步,go home回家,go on继续,go on with/go on doing sth. 继续做某事,go on to do sth.继续/接着做另一件事,go to school上学,go shopping/skating去购物/去滑冰,go to bed睡觉,go over复习,go to sleep去睡觉,go through通过;仔细查看,go back回去,go ahead 前进;进行,go in for参加;从事于,go up上升,go sightseeing去观光旅行,go out外出;到外面,go abroad出国 put短语 put away放好;收起来,put down放下;记下,put off推迟;拖延,put on穿上;演出,put out熄灭,put up张贴;建造;举起(手),put...into English把……译成英语 look短语 look at看,look after=take care of照顾;照看,look around 四处看看,look like看起来像,look the same看起来一样,look for寻找,look out=take care小心;留意;注意,look out of从……向外看,look up抬头看;仰视;查阅,look on...as把……看作,look over仔细检查,look forward to期待;期盼,have a look瞧一瞧,看一看(look是名词) be短语 be able to能;会,be born in 出生于,be different from和……不同,be good at 在……方面(学得)好;擅长……,be good (bad) for对……有益(害),be fond of喜欢……,be in hospital 生病住院,be busy doing/with sth.忙于做某事,be afraid of 害怕……, be angry with对……生气,be amazed at对……感到惊奇,be covered with/by被……覆盖,be excited about对……感到兴奋,be famous for 以……闻名,be famous as作为……而闻名,be fed up with对……感到厌恶,be full of充满了……,be interested in对……感兴趣,be late for迟到,be satisfied/pleased with对……感到满意,be proud of以……为自豪,be used for被用作,be ready to do sth.准备做某事,be ready for为……做准备 take短语 take a walk 散步,take away 拿走;夺去,take a train (a bus) 乘火车(公共汽车),take good care of (相当于look after...well) 好好照料,take down 取下,take exercise 运动,take off 脱去(衣帽等);(飞机)起飞,take out 拿出;取出,take one's time不急;慢慢来,take turns 替换;轮流,take one's temperature 量体温,take a picture (photo) 照相,take a rest 休息一下,take medicine 吃药,take an active part in积极参加,take a seat就座;坐下,take a message捎口信,take charge of 负责;掌管,take hold of抓住,take the place of代替,take place发生,take up占据 keep短语 keep (on) doing sth.继续做某事,keep away from避开;不接近, keep sb. from(doing sth.)...阻止某人(做某事……),keep out挡住,keep off 不接近;让开,keep to遵守;信守,keep up维持,keep up with sb./ sth.跟上某人/某物 think短语 think of想到;想起;考虑到,think about考虑,think over仔细考虑,think through全面考虑,think out想出;想清楚 (二)不同动词+同一介词(副词)型 含有for的短语 look for, make room for, be famous/well-known for, send for, be late for, be /get ready for, prepare for, take a message for, pay for, have sth. for breakfast/lunch/supper, stand for, buy sth. for, be good for, ask for, leave for, wait for, answer for, be used for, care for 含有at的短语 be good at, work hard at, knock at, laugh at, fire at, point at, aim at, shout at, throw...at..., be angry at, be surprised at, be poor at, arrive at, look at, be amazed at 含有away的短语 be away, go away, get away, wash away, put away, throw away, take away, keep away 含有on的短语 call on, concentrate on, rely on, decide on, come on, get on, go on, go on with sth., get on with, turn on, walk on, try on, depend on, put on, look on...as, operate on, spend...on..., hold on 【考向3】 感官动词 感官动词 用法 例句 look 意为“看起来;看上去”,表示通过视觉来判断事物。look一般不能接名词作表语,如需要接名词作表语,则用look like结构,like是介词 You look so excited. 你看起来很兴奋。 —What does the toy look like?那个玩具看上去像什么? —It looks like a chicken.它看上去像一只小鸡。 sound 意为“听起来”,指通过听觉来判断事物。sound也可与介词like搭配 Her voice sounds sweet.她的嗓音听起来很甜美。 You don't sound like a foreigner speaking English. 你说英语听起来不像外国人。 感官动词 用法 例句 feel 意为“感觉;摸起来”,指通过内心感受或通过触觉来判断事物 This woolen sweater feels soft. 这件羊毛衫摸起来很柔软。 taste 意为“尝;品尝”,指通过味觉来判断事物 The apples taste sweet.这些苹果尝起来很甜。 smell 意为“闻”,指通过嗅觉来判断事物 These flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。 注:这些感官动词没有被动语态,通常用主动形式表达被动含义。 【随堂练习】 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.When you speak English, you should pay more attention to your 　 　(pronounce).  2.Could you please tell me how to become a good 　 　(speak), Mr.Li?   3.The bad smell came from the 　 　(die) fish by the river.  4.I saw a cat 　 　(lie) on the road this morning.  5.A Chinese-English dictionary is 　 　(help) in learning English.  6.There is a(n) 　 　(introduce) about our school in that magazine.  7.Jane, you look so 　 　(sleep).Stop working and go to bed now.  8.These are some useful 　 　(express).You should memorize them.  9.The 　 　(discover) of Columbus was quite a great event in the world.  10.I am old enough to make my own 　 　(decide).  11.It 　 　(take) me two hours to get there by bus last weekend.  12.I 　 　(spend) half an hour on my homework yesterday.  13.It is raining.　 　(take) the raincoat with you when you go out.  14.I can lend you my dictionary, but you can 　 　 (keep) it for only a week.  15.Dr.White can 　 　(speak) French very well.  16.The man doesn't know how to 　 　 (translate) this word into English.  17.We'll go to 　 　 (see) a film instead of 　 　(read) a book in bed.  18.When we 　 　(get) to the railway station, the train had already left.  19.I　 　 (listen) to the teacher, but I heard nothing because I was thinking about my trip.  20.We 　 　 (feel) excited when the football match was over.  【参考答案】1.pronunciation 　2.speaker 　3.dead　4.lying　5.helpful 6.introduction　7.sleepy　8.expressions　9.discovery　10.decisions　11.took　12.spent　13.Take　14.keep　15.speak　16.translate　17.see　reading　18.got　19.listened　20.felt 【仿真训练】 一、完形填空 A 　　There was once a very wise man who lived in ancient times.He was elderly and educated. 　　One day while he was walking, he 　1　 that his shoes were starting to 　2　.He knew he had to buy a new pair.But he didn't want to 　3　 the wrong size of shoes.He gathered some books and 　4　 a lot of time reading about how to know if a pair of shoes fitted properly.  　　Following the books' instructions, the man took a stick and measured his feet with it.He then went to the market.However, he 　5　 the stick at home, which was far away from the shop, so he went back to get it.  　　By the time the man returned to the market, the shop had been closed.And by that point, his shoes were completely worn out, so he had to return home barefoot(赤脚的). 　　The next morning, he walked to the market, but the shoes that he had chosen the day before had been 　6　.The shopkeeper asked,“Why didn't you buy the shoes yesterday?”  　　The wise man　7　, “Because I forgot the stick that I had used to mea