hr悦读：养老金

[2012.08.11] Pensions 养老爹 | 中国特色社会保障制度 【导读】 中国有名古话叫欲速则不达。中国社保制度短短几年内达 到很高的覆盖率, 可颖盖率之下的质量呢? 吵得沸沸扬扬的养老金入 市呢? 什么是养老金宝头账户? 为什么中国不能学习西方? Pensions 养老金 Social security with Chinese characteristics 中国特色社会保障制度 Coneratulate Chinafor building thefoundations of a pension system so quickly Now it needsto restructureit 祝贺中国如此迅速得建立起了养老金制度的基础。如今该制度需要重建。 Ag 11b 20121 om hepnnl eallipn THE 18th-century Chinese emperor Qianlong made slaborate preparations for retirement- He commissioned an exquisite retreat in Beijing's Forbidden City complete with trompe Tosil paintings and meditation cushions Hts name translates as the Studio of Exhaustion rom Diligent servicer。 18 世纪的中国皇帝乾隆曾为自己的退位后的生活煞费苦心。他曾命人在北京上类城里打 造一座奢华处所，怡养天年。这吉是公支再，尾内用通景画装饰，摆放了几个消团。公吉青 意为"日理万机劳累之时的听戏【注 1】消站之地" Many elderly Chinese have shown equal diligence and felt similar exhaustion_ But their retirements have been less gilded. In 2009 less than 30% of China's adults Were covered by the government's pensions patchwork。 The only cushion for most rural folk was their field and their family 很多上了年纪的中国人同样部劳动过,也有过相似的劳累感。但与乾隆相比，他们退休 后的生活却并不那么注润。2009 年，中国政府的各类养老多计划失污起来所获盖的成年人 只占中国总成年人口的 30%还不到。对大多数乡下人米说，他们年到之后的唯一依靠就只 利自己的土地和亲人了 Sinee hen， however pensions have spread at extraordiaary speed， Last week Chinas nationalaaditoffice reported that 622m people were now enrolled in oneseheme or another: over 55 of adults Chinas new rural pension has added over 240m people in just two Years_more than are covered by America's Social Security (see artilel, The andit office Savs that China'ssocialsecurity wstem isnow "hasiealy” in place  That is an historic achievement But “basic" is still the right word to describe Chinese pensions, which vary enormously between town and country, prosperous east and poorer West private sector and public. In some rural counties the basic pension can be as low as 55 yuan (about S8.7S) per month- 然而，从于以后养老金桥盖范围就以信人的速度扩张，上周，中国国家审计署公布已有 6.22 亿人参与了至少一种养老金计划，获荔超 55%的成年人。仅两年时间，中国新推出的 农村养老金计划就吸纳了 2.4 亿人, 这一数字比美国的社保制度所路六的人数还要多 〈另见 文)。该审计著称，中国的社保制度现在已经*基本"就绪。这是一项历史性成就。但"基本” 词仍然是那个能恰当形容中国养老金制度的词语。因为在中国,城乡之间，注荣的东部和 落后的西部之同，私营部门和国营部门之间的养老金制度差别很大。在中国的一些农村县, 基本养老金可能低到 55 元/月〈合 8.75 美元|月) China's system does not therefore, share the European problem of overgenerosity_ But does suffer like Europes，from underfunding In the cities，workers are obliged to Supplement the state pension with contributions to individual accounts_ mn the countryside， they are encouraged to do the same. By one estimate about 2.5 trillion yuan has been paid into these accounts. But precious little of that money has stayed in them。 因此, 中国的养老金制度也就不会像欧洲屠样因福利待遇过高而产生问题。但艰欧洲国家 一样，中国的确受到资金不足的困拢。在城市工作的人雷要按规定为个人几户缴纳养老金， 以此补充通国家养老金。 农村的参保人员也被鼓励这么做。 据估计，人们大概已经往这些账 户里面缴纳了大约 2.5 万亿元的伺金。但实际上里面的资金已所利无几- Unlike individual accounts 刘 nearby Hong Kong or Singapore，China's nestreggs are mot earefully segregated and invested in financial portfolios held in the contributor's name. nstead，local governments use the money for other things，such as paying the bills， speculating in property, or paying the pensions of today's retired一especially those shed by state-owned enterprises during the downsizings of the 19905.- 与周边的香港和新加坡的个人养老金账户不同, 中国并没有尊导地限离养老储备爹, 也没 有用养老爹缴纳者的名义将之投到各种金融投资组合中去。 相反,当地政府把钱用到了其他 地方，比如支付账单，炒房地产亦或是支付当期养老爹，尤其是支付上世纪 90 年代被国企 精简掉的那部分人的养老金。 Despite this plunder of the pension pots, China has no shortage of saving and investment It ploughed 4 ofits GDP inte investment last year and almost 3% into foreign assets The country asa wholeis making provision forits future. But individual pension contributors do not have title to these assets They must instead pray that their contributions will be honoured by local goveraments from whatever resources officials can muster in the future. And migrants fear losing their entitiements when they eross provinciallines. 尽管这笔养老侍各爹被所为他用，中国政府也不乏存款和投资。 去年 中国政府的投资总 额右 GDP 的 49%6，目其中有 396被投到了国外资产中去。举国上下正未雨绸继。但个人养 老金缴纳者却没有这些资产的所有权。相反，他们只能祈衬当地政府到时候《能按照规定) 发放自己应部的养老爹, 而不管政府届时如何筹集资金。 并且工作变动的人还害怕自己到另 一个省份工作的时会撩去自己部受(原来) 社保待遇的资格  One sensihle reform would be for the central government to take charge of the pension System It could fl the empty accounts, glue the fragmented system together and ideally make pensions much more portabhle In terms of structure, the ong-term goal should be to give individuals greater control over their own accounts, choosing their investments as they do in Hong Kong (with appropriate safety nets and so onj, The problem here is that China 6 laeks the mature and open financial systems of Hong Kong and Singapore its helterskelter stockmarket is hardly ideal for retirement savings at the moment So change winlhave tebe gradual. 个切合实际的改