Unit 1 Asia 单元知识点全解.doc

译林牛津9B Unit 1 Asia 教材全解 【教材内容解析】 Comic strip&Welcome to the unit Wow, the Great Wall is amazing, isn’t it? (P. 6) 反意疑问句是提出情况或者看法，问对方是否同意的句子。一般由陈述句和反意疑问句构成。反意疑问句部分要与前面的陈述句用逗号隔开，句末用问号。如果陈述句部分是肯定结构，反意疑问句部分就用否定结构，反之亦然。反意疑问句部分的主语需用代词，并与陈述句部分的主语一致，谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述句部分一致。 反意疑问句的构成如下： 肯定的陈述句+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语（代词） 否定的陈述句+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语（代词） 反意疑问句还有如下一些值得注意的情况： 陈述句部分含有never, few, little, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none等表示否定意义的词时，反意疑问句部分用肯定形式。 He has few friends at school, does he? 注意：当陈述句谓语动词是含有否定意义的前缀的词时，反意疑问句部分还是要用否定形式。 He dislikes smoking, doesn’t he? 陈述句部分是there be结构，反意疑问句用be there。 There is a book on the desk, isn’t there? 当陈述句部分的主语是指物的不定代词，something, anything, everything等时，反意疑问句主语用it；如果主语是指人的不定代词somebody, anybody, everybody等时，反意疑问句主语用they或he。 Someone wants to see you, don’t they? ④ 当陈述句的主语是this，that时，反意疑问句主语用it；当陈述句的主语是these， those时，反意疑问句主句用they。 This is an interesting film, isn’t it? Those aren’t banana trees, are they? ⑤ 当陈述句谓语动词含有have/has/had时，若时态为完成时态或者含有had better，反意疑问句用have/has/had，其它情况需要借助助动词构成反意疑问句。 Jack has a new watch, doesn’t he? They had to get up early in the morning, didn’t they? He has been to Beijing twice, hasn’t he? We'd better stop talking, hadn’t we? ⑥ 当陈述句部分含有need时，如果need作行为动词，则反意疑问句部分用do/does/did，如果need作情态动词，则反意疑问句部分用need。 We need to buy a new washing machine, don’t we? We needn’t set out at once, need we? ⑦ 当陈述句部分是肯定的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you或者won't you，当陈述句是否定的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。 Pass me the salt, will/won’t you? Don’t play football in the street, will you? ⑧ 当陈述部分是以let's开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we；当陈述句部分是以let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you。 Let’s go shopping, shall we? Let us have a look, will/won’t you? ⑨ 当陈述句含有must时，当must表示“必须”时，反意疑问句用needn't；当must表示“一定、想必”，反意疑问句部分的谓语应根据must后面的动词来确定。 They must come on time, needn’t they? That man must be Mr. Zhang, isn’t he? ⑩ 当陈述句是主从复合句，反意疑问句的主语通常与主句的主语保持一致。 She said he would come tomorrow, didn’t she? 注意：若主句的主语是第一人称I/we，其谓语动词又是think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine等时，反意疑问句部分的主语和谓语和从句保持一致。 I don't think he is a good student, is he? We think it is a good idea, isn’t it? 特别提醒： 反意疑问句的回答要根据具体的情况来确定用肯定形式还是否定形式。 --Lucy is very good at skating, isn’t she? --Yes, she is. --You don’t like eating beef, do you? --No, I don’t. (2) It tiring to climb the steps and my feet hurt. (P. 6)  = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① tiring意为“使人疲劳的、累人的”，其动词形式是tire。 What a tiring job! A day’s work tired him. 【辨析】tiring, tiresome和tired tiring和tiresome都表示“令人讨厌的、令人疲乏的”，具有主动含义，多用来修饰表示事物的名词；tired表示“疲倦的、劳累的”，主要表示人感到劳累。 That is a tiring/tiresome walk. He has worked the whole day, so he feels very tired.  = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② step用作名词，表示“台阶、阶梯、步骤”。 A little girl was sitting on the step of the house. The first step is very basic. We should take steps to prevent the war. 【拓展】 1. step也可以用作动词，意为“踩、踏”。 She stepped on a loose stone and twisted her ankle. 2. step的相关短语 step by step 逐步地 take steps 采取措施 watch your step 小心行走 step down 辞职、让位 step up 提高、增加、加快 step into 进入 We had better keep moving. (P. 6)  = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① had better do sth. 表示“最好做某事”，表示劝告、建议或者愿望，否定形式是在had better后面加上not。 例如： You’d better have a rest. You’d better not miss the last bus.  = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② keep (on) doing sth.意为“继续做某事、重复做某事”。 They kept talking about it. (4) Tian’anmen Square, the Palace Museum and the Great Wall are wonderful places to go. (P. 7) to go这里是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰wonderful places。不定式作后置定语时，不定式与所修饰的名词之间往往有动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，动词不定式后面要加上必要的介词。 We want some water to drink. He is a pleasant fellow to work with. Reading In the middle of the ancient city of Beijing is the Palace Museum, also called the Forbidden City. (P. 8)  = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① in the middle of表示“在……中间”。 What can you see in the middle of the picture? The teacher is standing in the middle of us.  = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② called此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named同义。 例如： This is a book named/called Journey to the West. The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate. The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live there. (P. 8) used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不再”之意，后接动词原形，疑问形式可以直接将used提到句首，或者借助助动词did；否定式可以直接在used后面加not，或者用didn’t。 【辨析】be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与be used to do sth. be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 His father is used to watching TV before going to bed. used to do sth. 过去经常做某事 The boy used to play computer games. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 More and more wood is used to make paper. (3) With wonderful buildings and art treasures inside, it is well worth a visit.(P. 8)  = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① with复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”在句中作状语，表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等。作宾语补足语的可以是形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词或者动词不定式。 He stood before his teacher with his head down. She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. He fell asleep with the lamp burning. I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.  = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② be worth后常接名词或者动名词，表示“值……”。 The new car is worth at least 1 million. The novel is worth reading once more. (4) Many tourists like to gather there early in the morning to watch the raising of the national flag. (P. 8) 辨析：rise与raise rise 不及物动词 意为“升起，上升” The water in the river rose after the heavy rain. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. raise 及物动词 意为“提高，筹集，抬高，举起” The worker want the boss to raise their wages. The teacher asks us to raise our hands if we have questions. We should try our best to raise more money for the poor family. (5) It is one of the wonders of the world.(P. 8) 1. wonder作名词，意为“奇迹”，常用的句型有：  = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① It’s a wonder that...意为“奇怪的是……” It’s a wonder that she is still alive.  = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② It’s no wonder that...意为“难怪……”。 It’s no wonder that the