中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿—数词.doc

中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿 第四章 数词 数词可分为基数词（Cardinal Numbers）和序数词（Ordinal Numbers）两种。前者表示数量，后者表示顺序。 第一节 知识点概述
一、基数词和序数词的表示法 （一）数词的词形 （1）在1-12中，1-12为基数词中的数词；序数词1-3为特殊变化，序数词4-12在基数词词尾加-th。[注意 fifth (第五)；ninth (第九)和 twelfth (第十二)的特殊拼写] （2）在13-19中，13-19基数词在数词3-9后加-teen构成。其中13 和15 发生拼写变化 thirteen 和 fifteen 相应序数词在基数词后加-th构成。13-19岁的少年用teens (in one’s teens在某人十多岁时) （3）在20-90整十位数，在基数词2-9之后加-ty构成。其中20、30、40、50拼法特殊。在构成相应的序数词时，将词尾y变i，再加-eth。表示二十多岁等用twenty 等的复数twenties. (in one’s twenties 在某人二十多岁时) （4）十位数之间的数，由十位数加个位数构成，中间用连字符。构成序数词时，连字符前为基数词，后为序数词。如：二十五 twenty-five; 第九十九 ninety-ninth. （5）100以上数词,整百位数由1-9加 hundred构成，序数词在词尾加-th；整千位数由1-9加thousand构成，序数词在词尾加-th.在百位和十位，个位间(没有十位时，在百位和个位须加and),如：141 one hundred and forty-one；1001 one thousand two hundred and one 构成序数词只将最后一个数变成序数词。 （二）使用基数词的情况 （1）念数 (o 念作 /o /或 zero) （2）电话号码（62083338） （3）事物表示顺序 (名词在前，如：Room 303; World War Two) （4）货币 (100 dollars) （5）度量 (50 kilos) （6）小数 (2.5 meters) （三）使用序数词的情况 （1）第几 （2）月份后的号 (August 5th) （3）事物表示顺序 (名词在后，如：the fiftieth page; the Second World War)
二、分数、小数、百分比、倍数、四则运算的表示方法 类别 说明 例词或例句 分数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母的序数词用复数。 1/2 读作 a (one) half 1/3 读作 a (one) third 1/4 读作a (one) quarter; a (one) fourth 4/5 读作four fifths 4 2/3 读作four and two thirds Two thirds of the surface earth is covered by water. 小数 小数点读作point。小数后面各数都按个位基数词读；小数点前面仍按基数词读。零读作o/ u/或zero. 0.7 读作zero ( u) point seven 25.25 读作twenty-five point two five 百分比 百分比由基数词+percent组成 （ % ） 2% 读作two percent 44% 读作forty-four percent 100% 读作one hundred percent More than 25 percent of the surface of the ground is covered with grass. 百分之二十五的地面被草复盖着。 倍数 倍数+as+形(副)原级+as 倍数+形(副)比较级+than 倍数+ the size(length)+ of (表示大小或数量的名词) as large as This room is three times larger than that one. the size of 注意：上述三个结构的意义是相同的。 汉译表达： “这间房是那间房的三倍大”；“这间房比那间房大两倍” 加、减、乘、除四则运算 用基数词表示 加号用plus / and 减号用minus 乘号用times 除号用divided by 9+8=17， 读作 Nine plus (and) eight is seventeen. 11-5=6 ， 读作 Eleven minus five is six. 6×5=30， 读作 Six times five is thirty. 35÷7=5， 读作 Thirty-five divided by seven is five. 第二节 实战演练
一、例题选讲 例1 —This is second book I’ve read today． —Are you going to read third one? A． a，a B． a，the C． the，a D． the，the 答案： C 提示： 序数词前面一般要加the，但在不强调次序，只表达“重复”的概念时，second，third等序数词前面只要加不定冠词。这时他们的含义是“另一”，“再一”。 例2 There are six students in our school． A． hundreds B． hundreds of C． hundred D． hundred of 答案： C 提示： hundred一词表示百，后面不能加s，如one hundred，two hundred。如果hundred后面加s，则要与of连用，写成hundreds of表示“数以百计的、成百上千的”。 例3 10月1 El的正确读法是 A． October the first B． October No. one C． October one D． October first one 答案： A 提示： 对月日的读法英语中月用固定单词，日用序数词与定冠词the连用 例4 of them have passed the exam． A． Three quarter B． Three quarters 答案： B 提示： 在英语中分数词是以基数词和序数词合成的，基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母，除了分子是“l”的情况外，序数词都要用复数。例如：one-third，two-thirds。
二、复习时需要注意的要点 （1）Hundred, thousand和million前面有具体数词 (包括数量词several) 都不能加-s, 但可以加-s和of连用，表示几百, 几千, 几百万人或物。如：three thousand people 三千人；thousands of people 几千人或成千上万个人 （2）一般年份分两个基数词念，如： 1999年—nineteen ninety-nine 但2000年—the year two thousand 2008年—two thousand and eight 公元前450—four hundred fifty B.C. （3）几月几日有两种念法 1 September念the first of September Match 8th 念March the eighth （4）时刻表示法有两种 1）用past 表示几点过几分。(过半用to, 表示几点差几分)整点的o’clock可省去,分钟如是五的倍数, minutes可省去；15分钟可用a quarter；30分钟可用half。如：a quarter past one; twenty to six; two minutes to two; half past six 2）分别念钟点和分钟(o’clock, minute 不必念) 3:25 (读作 three twenty-five ) （5）表示一次用once；两次用twice；三次开始用基数词+times表示。如： Three times; ten times 第三节 巩固练习 I 选择填空 （ ）1. —How much is 2/3 _____ 1/2? —1/3. A. plus B. divided by C. times D. minus （　　）２. TV was one of the greatest inventions in the _______ century. A. nineteenth B. twenty C. twentieth D. twentith （　　）３. My father began to learn Japanese when he was ______. A. in his fourties B. in his forties C. in him fortieth D. in his fourty （　　）４. _______ of the college student in the college work during the summer holidays. A. A half B. Half C. Quarter D. Three quarter （　　）５. The People’s Republic of China was founded on ______. A . October 1.1949 B. July 1.1921 C. August 1.1927 D. December 25.1950 （　　）６. Does an elephant weigh _______? A. two and a half ton B. two tons and a half C. a tons D. half ton （　　）７. My sister will have her _______ birthday next year. A. twelve B. twelfth C. twelfieth D. eight （　　）８. How much is 2/3 plus 4/5? _______. A.One and seven fifteenths 1 7/15. B. One seven fifteenth 1 7/15. C. One and seven fifteenth 1 7/15. D. One seven fifteenths 1 7/15. （　　）９. The pocket calculator is only ______ the size of the old type. A. one forth B. one four C. one fourth D. one fourteen （　　）10. This is a ______ road. It is ______ the newly built road. twenty-metres-wide , half as wide as twenty-meters-width , a half as wide as twenty meters wide , half the width of twenty-meter-wide , half as wide as （　　）11. The number of the students in our school is ______ that in their school. two times as many as twice as more as two times as much as twice times as many as （　　）12. Is the young engineer ______ or ______? over thirty…under thirty on thirty…under thirty over thirtieth…under thirtieth over thirties…under thirties （　　）13. ______ ago there lived huge animals on the earth. Several mil