英语句子成分分析讲义.doc

句子成分分析讲义 句子成分的定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 分析下面句子的句子成分： I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. （一）主语主语：句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. 名词 She went out in a hurry. 代词 Four plus four is eight. 数词 To see is to believe. 不定式 Smoking is bad for health. 动名词 The young should respect the old. 名词化的形容词 What he has said is true. 句子 练习：找出句中主语 1.The sun rises in the east.           2.Twenty years is a short time in history.        3.The poor are now living in the shelter. 4.Seeing is believing.      5.To see is to believe.          6.He likes dancing.     7.What he needs is a book. 8.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （二）谓语谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征 一、简单谓语:由动词或成语动词组成。凡是由一个动词构成谓语的，不管是什么状态、语态、语气，都属于简单谓语。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. She will be leaving for Hong Kong on April 3rd. He has been designing a new plane model. 二、复合谓语 1：由情态动词或助动词+动词构成 He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing 2： 系动词+表语构成 The prospects looked excellent. It sounds a good idea. His hair turned grey in a few weeks. She is growing restless. 易误用作及物动词的几个不及物动词： 误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题　　 误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人　　 误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事 误：knock the door 正：knock on [at] the door 敲门 误：operate sb. 正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术 误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事 误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物 误：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠某人、某物 误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信 及物与不及物动词练习： 1. No matter how much you’ve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _______ the people heart and soul. A. serve B. serve for C. serve to D. serve on 2. The pupil ___ his right hand, obviously hoping to _____ to answer the teacher’s question. A. rose rise B. raised rise C. rose raise D. raised raise 练习：找出句中谓语 1.The space shuttle will be launched at 5p.m. 2.I suggest that the game be cancelled. 3.Share prices have picked up recently. 4.The windows of our bedroom looked out upon the lawns. 5.I can explain this sentence. 6.He must have arrived by air. 7.Roses smell sweet. 8.He felt troubled and distressed. 9.I am happy. (三)宾语宾语：动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 Show your passport, please. 名词 She didn't say anything. 代词 How many do you want? - I want two. 数词 They sent the injured to hospital. 名词化的形容词 They asked to see my passport. 不定式 I enjoy working with you. 动名词 Did you write down what he said? 句子 I find this weather very trying. 复合结构作宾语（复合宾语） He gave me some books. 双宾语（双宾动词后+间接宾语+直接宾语） 练习：找出句子的宾语 Fasten your seatbelts, please. Give me some. Let me have one or two. Respect the old and cherish the young. Stop acting like a child. He tried not to offend her. He had his passport visaed for South Korea. I don’t understand what you mean. please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers. （四）表语 表语：在系动词后的部分就是表语 That remains a puzzle. 名词 The war was over. 副词 They seem to know the truth. 不定式 Time is precious. 形容词 I’m not quite myself today. 代词 I don’t feel at ease. 介词短语 They are twice the size of chickens. 词组 That’s where we differ. 句子（从句） My aunt’s hobby is growing roses. 动名词 My daughter is sixteen next month. 数词 练习：找出句子中的表语 He proved a trustworthy friend. Sales are down. All you have to do is to press this button. He has done mad. It’s something to be home again without an accident. The Conservatives(保守党)were once more in power. That would be a great weight off my mind. Money is what they are after. His first job had been selling home computers. Mike was third. 系动词的类别： 1）状态系动词 be动词 Eg: He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词 keep, remain, stay Eg: He always kept silent at the meeting. 3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look, Eg: He looks tired. 4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste Eg: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. Eg: He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意 Eg: The rumor proved false. 注意：系动词不用于被动语态. （五）定语 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy. 形容词 His father works in a steel factory. 名词 Do you know Betty’s sister? 名词所有格 There are 54 students in our class. 数词 Whose child is it? 代词 He bought some sleeping pills. 动名词 His spoken language is good. 分词（短语） She was quiet for days to come. 不定式 Who is that girl with a pigtail? 介词短语 Is there anything I can do for you? 从句 定语后置： 如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常后置 The girl in red is his sister. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? 练习：找出句子中的定语 He’s a kind man. Help yourself to some fish. There are twenty students in our class. These are the roads leading to the beach. The girl in red is very beautiful. She is a girl everyone likes. （六）状语状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、