2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题·外刊阅读理解训练 (23)（0含解析）.doc

2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题 外刊阅读理解训练23 ——改编自In space, failure is an option — often the only one 【文章】 Space exploration has always been a challenging endeavor, with a history of both successful missions and failures. While the Apollo 13 mission was able to safely return to Earth despite technical difficulties, recent attempts by Israeli company SpaceIL and Japanese company ispace have crashed. Even SpaceX's Starship rocket recently spun out of control during its test flight. However, the fact that space exploration is difficult is a well-known truth. Engineers and scientists involved in these missions must prepare for potential failure and iterate their designs and testing processes to account for all possible scenarios. Failure is a necessary step on the path to success in research and development. Despite these failures, scientists and engineers should not be discouraged from pursuing future missions. Each failure provides valuable opportunities for learning and improving upon future missions. For example, SpaceX will study the reasons behind Starship's engine ignition issues as well as the environmental damage caused by its launch. In contrast to the popular belief that everything must go right the first time, successful products and scientific advancements often require multiple attempts before achieving success. The Moon missions of the 1960s proved this, as both the US and the Soviet Union experienced repeated failures before finally landing on the Moon. Through each failure, they were able to learn and incorporate those lessons into their next attempt. Ultimately, failure can play an essential role in advancing our understanding of space exploration. By embracing the challenges and potential setbacks, scientists and engineers can pave the way for greater successes in the future. 【重点词汇&词组】 space exploration [speɪs ˌɛksploʊˈreɪʃən] n. 太空探索 successful [səkˈsɛsfəl] adj. 成功的 failures [ˈfeɪljərz] n. 失败 Apollo [əˈpɑːloʊ] n. 阿波罗 mission [ˈmɪʃən] n. 任务 technical difficulties [ˈtek.nɪ.kəl ˌdɪfɪkəltiz] 技术困难 SpaceIL [speɪs aɪ ɛl] n. 以色列公司，从事太空探索领域 Japanese [ˌdʒæpəˈniːz] adj. 日本的 ispace [aɪ speɪs] n. 日本公司，从事太空探索领域 crashed [kræʃt] v. 坠毁 SpaceX [speɪs eks] n. 美国公司，以运营低成本商业航天为主 Starship rocket [ˈstɑːrʃɪp ˈrɑkɪt] n. 星舰火箭 spun out of control [spʌn aʊt əv kənˈtroʊl] 失控旋转 test flight [tɛst flaɪt] n. 试飞 engineers [ˌɛndʒɪˈnɪrz] n. 工程师 scientists [ˈsaɪəntɪsts] n. 科学家 prepare [prɪˈpɛr] v. 准备 failure [ˈfeɪljər] n. 失败 iterate [ˈɪtəˌreɪt] v. 反复推敲 designs [dɪˈzaɪnz] n. 设计 testing processes [ˈtɛstɪŋ ˌprɑːsɛsɪz] 测试流程 account for [əˈkaʊnt fɔːr] 考虑到，解释 possible scenarios [ˈpɑːsəbl səˈnerioʊz] 可能情况 necessary [ˈnɛsəsɛri] adj. 必要的 step [stɛp] n. 步骤 path [pæθ] n. 道路 success [səkˈsɛs] n. 成功 research and development [rɪˈsɜrtʃ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt] 研发 discouraged [dɪsˈkɜːrɪdʒd] adj. 感到气馁的 pursuing [pərˈsuːɪŋ] v. 追求 future missions [ˈfjuːtʃər ˈmɪʃənz] 未来任务 failure provides [ˈfeɪljər prəˈvaɪdz] 失败提供 valuable opportunities [ˈvæljuəbl ˌɑpərˈtuːnətiz] 宝贵机会 learning [ˈlɜːrnɪŋ] n. 学习 improving [ɪmˈpruːvɪŋ] v. 改进 incorporate [ɪnˈkɔrpəreɪt] v. 合并 lessons [ˈlɛsns] n. 教训 popular belief [ˈpɑːpjʊlər bɪˈliːf] 普遍信仰 successful products [səkˈsɛsfəl ˈprɒdʌkts] 成功的产品 scientific advancements [saɪənˈtɪfɪk ədˈvænsmənts] 科学进步 multiple attempts [ˈmʌltɪpəl əˈtɛmpts] 多次尝试 Moon missions [mun ˈmɪʃənz] 月球任务 US [juːˈɛs] n. 美国 Soviet Union [ˌsoʊviət ˈjuːniən] 苏联 experienced [ɪkˈspɪriənst] v. 经历 landing [ˈlændɪŋ] n. 着陆 each failure [itʃ ˈfeɪljər] 每次失败 ultimately [ˈʌltɪmətli] adv. 最终 essential role [ɪˈsɛnʃəl roʊl] 重要作用 advancing [ədˈvænsɪŋ] v. 推进 understanding [ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ] n. 理解 embracing [ɪmˈbreɪsɪŋ] v. 拥抱 challenges [ˈtʃæləndʒɪz] n. 挑战 potential setbacks [pəˈtɛnʃl ˈsɛtbæks] 潜在挫折 greater successes [ˌɡreɪtər səkˈsɛsɪz] 更大的成功 【阅读理解习题】 1. What is the main message of the article? A. Space exploration is too risky to continue. B. Recent failures in space exploration should discourage further efforts. C. Failure is a necessary step on the path to success in space exploration. D. The challenges of space exploration are insurmountable. Answer: C 解析：文章的主旨是，太空探索中的失败是成功的必要步骤，科学家和工程师应该从失败中吸取有益的经验并继续努力。 2. Why do engineers and scientists prepare for potential failure when planning space missions? A. To ensure that they are not held responsible for failure. B. To reduce the likelihood of failure occurring. C. To increase public confidence in space programs. D. To be able to handle the consequences of failure and learn from it. Answer: D 解析：为了能够承担失败的后果，并从失败中学习，工程师和科学家需要准备好失败的可能性。 3. How do space mission failures contribute to future successes? A. By discouraging scientists and engineers from pursuing future missions. B. By reducing public interest and funding for space programs. C. By providing opportunities for learning and improvement. D. By proving that space exploration is impossible to achieve. Answer: C 解析：太空任务失败提供了学习和改进的机会，这样科学家和工程师可以为未来的成功铺平道路。 4. What lesson can be learned from the Moon missions of the 1960s? A. That space exploration is impossible to achieve. B. That the US was more successful than the Soviet Union in landing on the Moon. C. That multiple attempts are often necessary to achieve success in space exploration. D. That failure should be avoided at all costs in space exploration. Answer: C 解析：从 20 世纪 60 年代的登月任务中可以总结出，太空探索中通常需要多次尝试才能成功。