2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题·外刊阅读理解训练 (25)（含解析）.doc

2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题 外刊阅读理解训练25 ——改编自Carmakers’ latest Brexit angst highlights risk of UK falling behind EV battery race 【文章】（偏难） The electric vehicle industry is likely to face significant difficulties in the UK and Europe following a post-Brexit production agreement. By 2024, batteries for electric vehicles must source 60% of their value from within the UK or EU to qualify for tariff-free trade. The threshold will rise again in 2027. These requirements were introduced to encourage the development of a European battery industry; however, that hasn't happened to the extent required to enable automotive manufacturers to meet the rules. Carmakers on both sides of the Channel have stated that it's necessary to extend the 2024 deadline; otherwise, the situation could be absurd, with electric vehicles subjected to tariffs while petrol vehicles are not. Sam Lowe of Flint Global said there are different constituencies with different priorities and noted that the battery and chemicals sectors stand to benefit from onshoring. Although the UK government has raised the issue with the EU, this latest wrangling should highlight the lack of effective planning around UK battery production and supply chains. The country is at risk of becoming a "bystander in the global battery arms race," according to Simon Moores of Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, while the US and EU are aggressively securing the critical minerals required for batteries, refining, processing, and chemical plants to produce them. Currently, this supply chain is dominated by China, accounting for over 70% of the global market share in most stages. Europe has approximately 30 gigafactories in the pipeline, but the UK only has one (or possibly two). According to Faraday, more than half of UK demand would come from private cars, requiring up to ten new gigafactories by 2040, each with a capacity of 20GWh, compared to the UK's current total capacity of 2GWh. Despite failing to strike deals with established Asian battery manufacturers to build in the UK, the government remains unwilling to nurture riskier start-up options such as Britishvolt. Meanwhile, Germany has pledged hundreds of millions in subsidies to secure a project by Northvolt after the Swedish firm indicated it could prioritize the US. The car producers' Brexit anxiety is unlikely to dissipate soon, with multiple chemical processes and manufacturing steps required to happen locally before the end product can be brought together to qualify for future tariff-free treatment. All industries want gigafactories, and proximity to gigafactories will further encourage midstreaming while also requiring reliable sources of raw and refined materials. Building an industry from scratch requires everything to occur at once. However, according to experts last week, the UK hasn't even started. Experts defined the government's critical minerals strategy as a "wishlist with no substance in terms of financing," which, without backing, is "just words — and not since Genesis, chapter 1 verse 3 has someone said something and it’s actually happened," according to Jeff Townsend of the Critical Minerals Association. Other sectors are also struggling with endless consultations, an absence of consistent long-term planning or industrial strategy, and an ideological reluctance to finance aspirations. For UK carmakers, the question is no longer about meeting Brexit requirements but whether the UK battery sector can grow enough to help meet future ones. 【重点词汇&词组】 electric vehicle [ɪˈlektrɪk ˈviː.ɪ.kəl] n. 电动汽车 industry [ˈɪndəstri] n. 工业，产业 UK [ˌjuːˈkeɪ] n. 英国 Europe [ˈjʊrəp] n. 欧洲 post-Brexit [poʊst-ˈbreksɪt] adj. 脱欧后的 production [prəˈdʌkʃn] n. 生产 agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 协议 battery [ˈbætəri] n. 电池 source [sɔːrs] v. 来源，获得 value [ˈvæljuː] n. 价值 tariff-free [ˈtærɪf-friː] adj. 免关税的 threshold [ˈθreʃhoʊld] n. 阈值，门槛 introduce [ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs] v. 引入，推出 encourage [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ] v. 鼓励 development [dɪˈveləpmənt] n. 发展 European [ˌjʊrəˈpiːən] adj. 欧洲的 automotive [ˌɔːtəˈmoʊtɪv] adj. 汽车的 manufacturer [ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərər] n. 制造商 Channel [ˈtʃænəl] n. 海峡，海渠 stated [steɪtɪd] v. 声明，陈述 absurd [əbˈsɜːrd] adj. 荒谬的，可笑的 subject [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt] v. 使遭受，使成为……的对象 petrol [ˈpetrəl] n. 汽油 constituencies [kənˈstɪtʃuːənsiz] n. （选区的）选民，选举人 priorities [praɪˈɔːrətiz] n. 优先事项，重点 noted [noʊtɪd] v. 指出，注意到 chemicals [ˈkemɪkəlz] n. 化学物质，化学制品 sectors [ˈsektərz] n. （经济上的）部门，领域 stand to benefit [stænd tə ˈbenəfɪt] 可获得好处 onshoring [ˈɑːnʃɔːrɪŋ] n. 国内外逐步生产回流 government [ˈɡʌvərmənt] n. 政府 raised [reɪzd] v. 提出，引起 latest [ˈleɪtɪst] adj. 最新的 wrangling [ˈræŋɡlɪŋ] n. （争吵、辩论等）争执 highlight [ˈhaɪlaɪt] v. 强调，突显 effective [ɪˈfektɪv] adj. 有效的 planning [ˈplænɪŋ] n. 计划 battery production [ˈbætəri prəˈdʌkʃn] 电池生产 supply chains [səˈplaɪ tʃeɪnz] n. 供应链 risk [rɪsk] n. 风险 start-up [stɑːrt ʌp] n. 初创企业 options [ˈɑːpʃənz] n. 选择，选项 pledged [pledʒd] v. 承诺，保证 subsidies [ˈsʌbsədiz] n. 补贴，津贴 secure [sɪˈkjʊr] v. 获得，保护 project [ˈprɑːdʒekt] n. 项目，计划 indicated [ˈɪndɪkeɪtɪd] v. 暗示，表明 prioritize [praɪˈɔːrɪtaɪz] v. 把……优先考虑 Brexit anxiety [ˈbreksɪt æŋˈzaɪətɪ] 脱欧焦虑 multiple [ˈmʌltɪpl] adj. 多重的，多个的 processes [ˈprɑːsesɪz] n. 过程，工序 manufacturing [ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃərɪŋ] n. 制造业，制造加工 steps [step] n. 步骤，措施 qualify [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ] v. 符合条件，取得资格 future [ˈfjuːtʃər] adj. 将来的 treatment [ˈtriːtmənt] n. 待遇，对待 proximity [prɑːkˈsɪməti] n. 接近，邻近 midstreaming [ˈmɪdstriːmɪŋ] n. 中游产业 reliable [rɪˈlaɪəbl] adj. 可靠的，可信赖的 sources [ˈsɔːrsɪz] n. 来源，原料的供应 building [ˈbɪldɪŋ] n. 建设，建立 scratch [skrætʃ] adv. 从零开始 critical minerals [ˈkrɪtɪkl ˈmɪnərəlz] n. 关键矿物 strategy [ˈstrætədʒi] n. 战略，策略 wishlist [ˈwɪʃlɪst] n. 心愿单，愿望清单 substance [ˈsʌbstəns] n. 实质，内容 financing [ˈfaɪnænsɪŋ] n. 融资，资金供应 words [wɜːrdz] n. 话语，言辞 Genesis [ˈdʒenəsɪs] n. 创世纪（《圣经》第一卷） chapter [ˈtʃæptər] n. （书的）章节，篇章 verse [vɜːrs] n. （诗歌的）诗句，韵文 industry [ˈɪndəstri] n. 工业，产业 failing [ˈfeɪlɪŋ] v. 失败，未能做到 established [ɪsˈtæblɪʃt] adj. 已建立的，已设立的 Asian [ˈeɪʒən] adj. 亚洲的 manufacturers [ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərərz] n. 制造商 build [bɪld] v. 建造，建设 nurture [ˈnɜːrtʃər] v. 培育，促进 riskier [ˈrɪskiər] adj. 更危险的，更冒险的 Britishvolt [ˈbrɪtɪʃvəʊlt] 一家英国电池制造企业 pledged [pledʒd] v. 承诺，保证 hundreds of millions [ˈhʌndrədz əv ˈmɪljənz] 数以亿计的 ideological [ˌaɪdiəlˈɑːdʒɪkl] adj. 思想意识形态上的 reluctance [rɪˈlʌktəns] n. 不情愿，勉强 finance [faɪˈnæns] v. 融资，提供资金 aspirations [ˌæspəˈreɪʃnz] n. 抱负，志向 carmakers [ˈkɑːr