物理化学知识点(英文)

PhysicalChemistryequationofstate状态方程ideaperfectgas理想气体kinetictheoryofgases气体分子动理论modelfitting模型拟合rootmeansquarerate根均方速率zerothlawofthermodynamics热力学第零定律translationalenergy平动能phasediagram相图isotherm等温线isobar等压线distributionfunction分布函数mostprobablerate最概然速率mathematicalaveragerate数学平均速率fluctuation涨落现象freepath自由程meanfreepath平均自由程reducedmass折合质量effusion隙流lawofeffusion隙流定律compressibilityfactorZ压缩因子BoyletemperatureBoyle温度Internalpressure内压力Virialcoefficient维利系数Criticaltemperature临界温度Criticalpoint临界点Wilsoncloudchamber威尔逊云雾室reducedpressurevolumetemperature对比压力体积温度correspondingstate对比状态lawofcorrespondingstate对比状态定律compressibilityfactorchart压缩因子图potentialenergy位能chemicalthermodynamics化学热力学classicialthermodynamics经典热力学phenomenologicalthemodynamics唯象热力学isolatedsystem隔离系统closedsystem封闭系统opensystem敞开系统thermodynamicvariable热力学变量extensiveproperty广度性质capacityproperty容量性质intensiveproperty强度性质thermodynamicequilibriumstate热力学平衡态thermalequilibrium热动平衡mechanicalequilibrium力学平衡phaseequilibrium相平衡chemicalequilibrium化学平衡statefunction状态函数processandpath过程与途径isochore等容线homogeneoussystem多组分均相系统heterogeneoussystem复相系统isothermalprocess等温过程isobaricprocess等压过程isochoricprocess等容过程adiabaticprocess绝热过程cyclicprocess环状过程thermodynamicenergy热力学能internalenergy内能firstlawofthermodynamics热力学第一定律firstkindofperpetualmotionmachine第一类永动机freeexpansion自由膨胀quasistaticprocess准静态过程reversibleprocess可逆过程irreversibleprocess不可逆过程reversiblecyclicprocess可逆循环过程enthalpy焓heatcapacity热容adiabaticprocessequation绝热过程方程heatcapacityratio热容比polytropicprocess多方过程efficiencyoftheheatengine热机效率transformationcoefficient转换系数coefficientofrefrigeration冷冻系数heatpump热泵throttlingprocess节流过程differentialthrottlingeffect微分节流效应inversiontemperature转化温度isenthalpiccurve等焓线inversioncurve转化曲线thermochemistry热化学chemicalaffinity化学亲和力extentofreaction反应进度molarenthalpyofreaction反应的摩尔焓变standstate标准态elementarysubstance单质standardmolarenthalpyofformation标准摩尔生成焓standardmolarenthalpyofcombustion标准摩尔燃烧焓secondlawofthermodynamics热力学第二定律secondkindofperpetualmotionmachine第二类永动机heatreservoir恒温热储器spring弹簧entropy熵