考研英语阅读理解真题解析.doc

考研英语阅读理解真题解析 It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal. 原本一切都很简单。一组研究员在实验室里共同完成一个试验，把结果提交给某刊物，刊物的编辑把作者姓名及相关信息隐去，把报告交给这些研究者的同行去审阅。根据评论意见，编辑将决定是否发表。因此，版权留在刊物出版社手上，辛苦探求知识的研究者反倒要花钱订阅刊物。 straightforward [streit'fɔ:wəd] adj.简单的，易懂的，不复杂的：a straightforward process 简单的过程；坦诚的，坦率的，率直的。 【例】American speech is remarkably straightforward. 美国人的语言非常直率。 affiliation [ə'fili'eiʃən] n.隶属关系；隶属，从属。 【例】Ethnic character, background, or affiliation. 属于少数民族种族特性、背景或关系 No longer. ①The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor. 现在不再是这样了。提供资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府投资的研究项目中牟利，互联网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。经济合作及发展组织近日发布一项调查，描述了这一现象所造成的深远影响。澳大利亚维多利亚大学的John Houghton和经合组织的Graham Vickery联合完成这一报告，内容使目前为止收入丰厚的出版商们感到汗颜。但是这项报告的意义远远不止于此，它标志着科学尝试的一项关键性因素即将发生改变。 endeavor [in'devə] n. v. 努力,尽力,竭力,力图,试图 【例】we endeavor to make our customers happy. 我们努力使客户满意。 1. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. 【译文】提供资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府投资的研究项目中牟利，互联网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。 【解析】两个“-”号中间的部分完全可以视作插入部分独立分析。“the internet is making access to scientific results a reality. ”“funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it.”这样分析就会简单很多：“提供资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府投资的研究项目中牟利，互联网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。” The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals. 在某种程度上来说，知识的价值和公共投资能否取得较高回报，取决于是否能够得到广泛的流通、人们是否能够比较容易地获取这些研究成果。这是一项很大的产业。在美国，核心科研出版市场产值每年在70亿美元到110亿美元左右。国际科学、技术和医学出版社集团宣称全世界专业出版本类期刊的出版商有2000多家。他们每年在16000种刊物上发表120万篇以上文章。 distribution [distri'bju:ʃən] n. 分发;销售;频率分布;分配装置;分布;区分,分类;配电 【例】distribution of the population 人口分布 This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. ②Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers. 这个数字现在有所变化。根据OECD报告，目前有75%的专业期刊在互联网上有在线阅读。全新的商务模式正在形成，报告作者总结出其中三种。第一种是所谓的大订单模式，即机构团体订阅者通过签订网站协议付钱购买阅读一批刊物文章题目的权限。第二种为开放式出版模式，这种方式的典型特点是要求作者（或其雇主）付费发表文章。最后一种为开放式档案模式，即一些组织，比如大学或者国际实验室建立和维护的一些机构数据库。其他的模式都是对这三种的不同组合，比如延期开放式是指某一些期刊在发表文章的前六个月只允许付费阅览，此后转为免费阅读。至少对论文的发表来说，这些都将颠覆传统的同行审阅模式。 subscriber [səb'skraibə] n.订户,签署者,捐款者,认购者 【例】Write away now for the free album offered to every new subscriber. 请速来信订阅，新订户可免费获取画册一本。 repository [ri'pɔzitəri] n.贮藏室，智囊团，知识库，仓库 【例】Once rules are defined, they're stored in a central repository. 一旦规则定下来，它们要集中存放在一处。 hybrid ['haibrid] n.杂种，混血儿，混合物；adj.混合的，杂种的 （hybridism 杂交，混血 hybridity 杂种状态） 【例】widely cultivated hybrid poker plant. 广泛种植的杂种植物。 2. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. 【译文】其他的模式都是对这三种的不同组合，比如延期开放式是指某一些期刊在发表文章的前六个月只允许付费阅览，此后转为免费阅读。 【解析】such as后面引导从句，这句话以“其他模式”领起，但实际上只重点举了一个例子。“where”后面的句子都是以“delayed open-access”作为先行词。 “其他的模式都是对这三种的不同组合，比如延期开放式是指某一些期刊在发表文章的前六个月只允许付费阅览，此后转为免费阅读。” 26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses [A] the background information of journal editing. [B] the publication routine of laboratory reports. [C] the relations of authors with journal publishers. [D] the traditional process of journal publication. 26. 参考答案【D】【解析】本题考查的知识点是：第一段的主旨题。本题的题干是主旨题的一种常见形式，即The paragraph (passage)states(illustrates,discusses,deals with, is concerned about, describes) 。因此接下来要判断哪个选项是第一段的主旨的概括，该段没有明显的主题句，各句子的重要性没有明显的差别，因此考生需要在理解句子所陈述的意思之后，概括出作者写这个段落的目的。综合各句子的含义可看出，第一段在让读者了解学术期刊的出版过程及特点。第一、二段开始两个表时间的词语used to be和No longer 相呼应，表明这两段分别侧重介绍过去和现在的情况。 另解：概括段落大意。本文谈的是通过互联网发表研究成果的一种新方式，指出了三大业务模式。第一段先谈传统的杂志出版（论文发表）流程，以此引出话题，所以正确答案是D。A选项journal editing沾点边，但不吻合。做这类题及主题题型可以使用逆向法，即思路是：如果真要写journal editing的，那应该从如何编辑，如何取舍及一些编辑的细节入手，而本段明显不是。B离题更远，实验报告，从何谈起呀？C作者与杂志社的关系，这个流程是涉及到，但要谈的不是这个。总之，此题从本段的内容，本段在全篇的作用，以及本文要谈的主题角度，可以确定正确答案。 27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report? [A] It criticizes government-funded research. [B] It introduces an effective means of pu