Unit 1 Making New Friends词汇精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. welcome
welcome 是个兼类词,可用作感叹词、动词及形容词等。例如:
(1) 用作感叹词,意为“欢迎”,表示一种亲切的招呼。例如:
Welcome to Beijing! 欢迎来北京!
【注意】上述句型中to是介词,若其后接的地点是副词,则需省略。例如:
Welcome here! 欢迎来这里!
(2) 用作及物动词,意为“欢迎(人),欣然接受(意见)”,其后通常带有宾语。例如:
All the students and teachers welcome Doctor Brown.
所有的学生和老师都来欢迎布朗博士。
(3) 用作形容词,意为“受欢迎的”,在句中多作定语或表语。例如:
Miss Green is a welcome teacher. 格林小姐是位受欢迎的老师。
2. thanks
thanks是名词,它的意思是“感谢”。我们还可以说:Many thanks.多谢了。或者Thanks a lot.相当于Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。例如:
—Here are your books. 给你的书。
—Thanks a lot.多谢了。
【拓展】
thanks/thank you for doing something的意思是“为做某事而感谢”,for是介词,它的后面接名词或者动名词形式作宾语。例如:
Thanks for your help. = Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你的帮助。
Thank you for asking me. = Thanks for asking me. 谢谢你邀请我。
3. you
(1) you意为“你”,是人称代词,并且是人称代词的主格形式,在句子中做主语,通常位于动词的前面或者句子开头。例如:
He is a student. 他是个学生。
(2) you的宾格还是you, 在句子中做宾语,通常位于动词的后面。例如:
I like him. 我喜欢他。
you的形容词性物主代词是your,意为“你的”。用于名词的前面。例如:
What’s your name? 你叫什么?
【注意】其他的人称代词也有相似的用法,例如:
人称代词
物主代词
I我
my 我们
she 她
her 她的
he 他
his 他的
4. hello
hello可以用来表示问候、打招呼或引起对方注意, 常用于熟人、朋友之间,也可以用于陌生人之间,可以单独使用,也可以在后面加称呼语。在两人见面问候时,意为“你好”;在打招呼或打电话时,相当于中文里的“喂”。例如:
-Hello, Bob! 你好, 鲍勃!
-Hello, John! 你好,约翰!
Hello! This is Mr. Brown speaking! 喂!我是布朗先生。
Let’s say hello to him. 让我们去向他问好吧。
5. no
no是形容词,意为“无,没有”,一般用作定语,后接可数名词或不可数名词。例如:
I have no friends. 我没有朋友。
【拓展1】
no常用于省略句中,表示“不许,不可,不要”。例如:
No smoking! 不要抽烟。
No photos! 禁止拍照!
【拓展2】no和not
(1) no可单独使用,回答一般疑问句,而not则不能单独使用。例如:
— Can I come? 我能来吗?
No, you can’t. 不,你不能。
(2) no作形容词,其后可接单数、复数或不可数名词,而not是副词,常用来修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词等,故no相当于not a/an…或not any…
6. too
too是副词,意为“也”。常用于肯定句的句末,其前用逗号隔开;也可以位于句中,前后均用逗号隔开。
例如:
He is a worker, too. 他也是一名工人。
She, too, plays the guitar. 她也弹吉他。
【拓展】either; too和also的辨析:
(1) either 也不,用在否定和疑问句句末,常用逗号隔开。例如:
I don’t like the food, he doesn’t, either. 我不喜欢这种食物,他也不喜欢。
(2) too也,用在陈述句末,常用逗号隔开。例如:
He has a lot of pen pals, too. 他也有很多笔友。
(3) also也,用在肯定句中间,位于be动词、助动词或情态动词后,行为动词前。例如:
We also like playing football. 我们也喜欢踢足球。
【注意】区别这三个词关键取决于该词在句中的位置和肯定句、否定句的判断。
7. this
(1) this是指示代词,它的意思是“这个”,this一般指时间和距离比较近的人或者事物。可以指代单数可数名词和不可数名词。例如:
This is a big tree. 这是一棵大树。
This is a piece of glass. 这是一块玻璃。
(2) this 修饰单数可数名词时,名词前面不可以再有形容词性物主代词、冠词、所有格等修饰。例如:
This book is not mine. 这本书不是我的。
This girl is my sister. 这个女孩儿是我姐姐。
【拓展】this 与that
(1) this指代离说话人较近的人、物、时间,也可以指说过或者做过的事。打电话时可以用来介绍自己是谁。例如:
This is a beautiful garden. 这是一个漂亮的花园。
Hello, this is Jim speaking. 你好,我是吉姆。
(2) that 是远指,指离说话人较远的人、物、时间,也可以在打电话时用来询问对方对是谁。例如:
That’s my classroom. 那是我的教室。
Hello, this is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 你好,我是玛丽,你是谁?
8. who
(1) who是疑问代词,构成特殊疑问句,通常作主语、宾语和表语。who在句子中做主语,后面的谓语动词可以用复数形式,也可以用单数形式。主要有who所代表的人或物是单数还是复数决定。如果不清楚所代表的名词是单数还是复数,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:
Who lives in this room? 谁居住在这个房间里?
(2) who的宾格形式是whom,一般在介词的后面作宾语。如果在句子的开头可以用who来代替whom。 例如:
Who are you waiting for? / Whom are you waiting for? 你在等谁?
9. family
(1) family是名词,意为“家庭、家人”。当“家庭”讲时,是整体概念,谓语用单数;当“家人”讲时,是复数概念,谓语用复数。例如:
I have a big family. 我有一个大家庭。
My family are very kind. 我家人都很和蔼。
(2) 指多个家庭时,用其复数形式families。例如:
It is a problem in many families. 这在许多家庭里都是难题。
10. but
but是连词,意为“但是”,和and, or等一样,可以用来连接两个并列句。but连接两个并列句时,表
前后意义的转折;此时,but的前面要有逗号。 例如:
I’m tidy, but she isn’t. 我很整洁,但是她不是。
11. number
number 名词,“数,数字”。如果放在数字的前面,常缩写为NO. ,“号码”的意思。例如:
Her telephone number is 281-9176. 她的电话号码是218-9176.
I study in NO. 4 middle school. 我在第四中学上学。
12. help
help在此是及物动词,意为“帮助,帮忙”。例如:
The box is too big. Can you help me? 这个箱子太大,你能帮助我吗?
【拓展】
(1) help sb. to do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。此句型也可以说成:help sb. do sth.。例如:
He helps me to learn English.= He helps me learn English. 他帮助我学习英语。
(2) help sb. with sth.在某事上帮助某人 例如:
My maths teacher helps me with my maths. 我的数学老师在数学上帮助我。
(3) help 也可以作名词,作名词时常用于下列短语:
with one’s help= with the help of 在……的帮助下 例如:
With Mary’s help, I made rapid progress in English learning. =
With the help of Mary, I made rapid progress in English learning.
在Mary的帮助下,我在英语学习方面进步很快。
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1. 你的名字__________________________ 2. 来自于__________________________
3. 非常__________________________ 4. 电话号码__________________________
5. 我的老师__________________________ 6. 多大年龄__________________________
7. 四班__________________________ 8. 在五班__________________________
9. 用英语__________________________ 10. 五本英语书__________________________
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. — What’s this in E__________?
— It’s an egg.
2. — W________ is that?
— It’s Li Hua.
3. He is from the USA. He is A____________.
4. — Is it a telephone?
— No, it’ s a __________(玩具).
5.— How old is she ?
— She’s ___________ (十二岁)
6. — W___________ to China!
— Thank you.
7. — What’s your t____________ number?
— It’s 86776928.
8. _________(这个) is my mom.
9. — ________ are you from?
— I’m from China.
10. — Can you s_______ ‘book’?
— Yes, B-O-O-K, book.
11. — How are you?
— F________, thanks
12. — E____ me, are you Frank?
—Yes, I am.
13. — What’s y____ name?
— My name is David.
14. Good a_____________, mom.
15. — Are y________ Mike?
— Yes, I am.
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. — How are you?
— I’m fine, _____________(thank).
2. This is _____________(you) desk.
3. I have two _____________(book).
4. Nice _____________(meet) you.
5. I _____________ (be) a girl student. He _____________(be not) a girl student.
6. Lingling and Daming _____________(be) students in my school.
7. _____________(she) name is Rose.
8. I have _____________(a) eraser.
9. May I have _____________(he) book?
10. What _____________(be) your brother’s name?
IV.听力链接。
听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。
每段对话你将听两遍。
【参考答案】
I. 英汉互译。
1. your name 2. be from/come from 3. very much 4. telephone number 5. my teacher
6. how old 7. Class Four/4 8. in Class Five/5 9. in English 10. five English books
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. English 2. Who 3. American 4. toy 5. twelve 6. Welcome 7. telephone
8. This 9. Where 10. spell 11. Fine 12. Excuse 13. your 14. afternoon 15. you
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. thanks 2. your 3. books 4. to meet 5. am; isn’t 6. are 7. Her 8. an 9. his 10. is
IV.听力链接。
听力材料及答案:
1.A 2.B 3. C 4.B
1. W: Would you like a cup of coffee?
M:OK, thank you.
2. W: Can you tell me the number of your room?
M: Number two one eight.
3. W: I like the blue T-shirt. How about you?
M: Me too!
4. W:Do you have any pets, Mike?
M:Yes, I have a lovely dog!
Unit 1 Making New Friends
巩固练习
郭素清
I. 单项选择。
1. — Welcome to Beijing!
— _____________
A. Welcome to Beijing, too. B. Thank you. C. Fine, thank you.
2. — ____ you Mingming?
— Yes, I ____.
A. Are; are B. Am; am C. Are; am
3. — Where _____ they from?
— They’re from China.
A. is B. am C. are
4. — ______ your name?
— My name is Kate.
A. What’s B. What C. Where
5. — Is she Maria?
— No, she ____.
A. is B. isn’t C. aren’t
6. — ____, are you Mr. Wang?
— Yes, I am.
A. Fine B. Please C. Excuse me
7. — Are they from Canada?
— No, they ____.
A. are B. isn’t C. aren’t
8. — ____ are they?
— They are Xiao Li and Jane.
A. Who B. What C. Where
9. Mary ____ from Cuba.
A. is B. am C. are
10. — ____ do you spell ‘car’?
— C-A-R, car.
A. What B. How C. Who
【真题链接】
1.—Have a good day!
—_______! You, too.
A. No, thanks B. Fine, thanks
C. Thank you D. Nice to meet you
2.—May I borrow your crayons?
—_____ .
A. Thank you B. Yes, it is C. Sure. Here you are D. You’re welcome
3. — Is this your book, Alice?
— Yes, it is _________ .
A. his B. my C. hers D. mine
II. 完形填空。
1 name is Chen Hui. I’m 2 Chinese boy. I 3 twelve. I 4 English. I’m in 5 . I’m in Class Seven, Grade One. My 6 name is Miss Gao. She is a good teacher. 7 school I have a friend. 8 name is Ma Qiang.
This is a photo of my 9 . That man is my father. 10 is thirty-nine. The woman is my mother, she is thirty-seven. The girl is my sister. She is ten. That boy is me.
1. A. I B. My C. Me D. His
2. A. a B. an C. the D. /
3. A. is B. am C. are D. /
4. A. like B. likes C. look like D. look for
5. A. No. 1 middle school B. No. 1 Middle school
C. No. 1 middle School D. No. 1 Middle School
6. A. teachers B. teacher’s C. teachers’ D. teacher
7. A. at B. in C. At D. In
8. A. He B. His C. Her D. She
9. A. home B. school