外研版英语八(下)Module 9 Friendship知识点详解
Unit 2 I believe that the world is what you think it is.
★(A2).【知识点再现】When I was thirteen years old, a girl gave me an important gift. 在我13岁的时候,一个女孩送给我一份重要的礼物。
【知识点1】give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb. 意为“给某人某物”,give可以接双宾语,间接宾语是人,直接宾语是物,间接宾语人在前时用give sb. sth.,直接宾语物在前时用give sth. to sb. ,即在直接宾语前要加to,两者可互相转换。如:
Would you please give me a piece of paper? =Would you please give a piece of paper to me? 能给我一张纸吗?
【拓展】可以带双宾语的动词有:
●(需借助to的):give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, return, send, show, teach, tell, ask, leave, mail, throw, take, write等。用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。
●(需借助for 的):build, buy, call, change, cook, choose, do, draw, fetch, find, get, make, order, play(演奏), sing, save, win等。用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。
★(A2).【知识点再现】No one knew me. 没有人认识我。
【知识点2】no one=nobody是不定代词,意为“没有人;什么人也没有”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,只指人,不能与of短语连用,常用来回答以who引导的特殊疑问句。如:
No one (=Nobody) believes him. 没有人相信他。
No one (=Nobody) knows where she is from. 没有人知道他是哪里人。
---- Who was late today? 今天谁迟到了? ---- No one. 谁也没有迟到。
★(A2).【知识点再现】I was very lonely, and afraid to make friends with anyone. 我很孤独,不敢与任何人交朋友。
【知识点3】【辨析】(be) afraid to do sth.与(be) afraid of doing doing sth.的用法辨析:
①be afraid to do意为“怕”不敢/胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做。如:
I’m afraid to swim in the river. 我不敢在河里游泳。
The little girl was afraid to ask for help. 那个小姑娘不敢求人帮忙。
②be afraid of doing意为“生怕,恐怕”。担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的。如:
I’m afraid of height. 我恐高。// The boy was afraid of falling off the wall. 这个男孩害怕从墙上摔下来。
She was afraid to walk in grass because she was afraid of a snake. 她不敢在草丛中走,因为她怕蛇。
【知识点4】make friends with sb. 意为“和某人交朋友”。如:
I want to make friends with you. 我想和你交朋友。
★(A2).【知识点再现】Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt even more lonely.
每次听到其他同学有说有笑,我觉得自己更加孤单了。
【知识点5】every time=each time=whenever, 意为“每次,每当”,在本句中相当于一个连词,引导一个状语从句,可用于一般现在时,也可以用于一般过去时。如:
Every/Each time I met this boy, he was cryong. 我每次见到这个男孩,他都在哭泣。
Every/Each time I ask you to do something, you always say you are too busy. 每次我让你做点儿什么,你总是说太忙。
Don’t stop every time you come to a word or phrase you don’t know. 不要次每碰到一个你不认识的单词或短语就停下来。
【知识点6】the other后接可数名词复数,意为“其余的……”。any other后接可数名词单数为同义表达,意为“其他任何一个……”。如:
Jack studies harder than the other students in our school. =Jack studies harder than any other student in our school. 在我们学校杰克学习最努力。
【知识点7】【辨析】hear sb. do sth.与hear sb. doing sth. 的用法辨析:
①hear sb. do sth. 意为“听见某人做某事”。强调听到的动作经常发生或听到某个动作发生的全过程,是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。类似用法的有see/watch/hear/notice sb. do sth.等。如:
I heard him turn off the TV. 我听到他关掉电视。
We often hear him sing this song. 我们经常听到他唱这首歌。
②hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听见某人正在做某事”。强调听到的动作正在进行。此处是现在分词作宾语补足语。类似用法的有see/watch/hear/notice sb. doing sth.等。如:
I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。
I heard someone singing in the next room. 我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌。
【知识点8】even是副词,意为“更加,甚至”,用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级,表示程度。英语中常见的用于修饰比较级的词有:much,even,a little,a lot,still,far等。如:
Today it is even colder than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天更冷。
This apple is much bigger than that one. 这个苹果比那个大得多。
My bedroom is much bigger than Lily’s. 我的卧室比莉莉大得多。
★(A2).【知识点再现】I could not talk to anyone about my problem, and I did not want my parents to worry about me. 我不能向任何人说起自己的问题,我不想让父母担心。
【知识点9】【辨析】talk to,talk with,talk about 与talk of的用法辨析:
①talk to sb. 意为“与某人交谈,对某人讲话”,侧重于表示一个人对另一个人讲话,但是不表示对方也需要讲话,主要是强调告诉某人什么事,有时指上级对下级,含有“训话”意味,是单向的。如:
Mr. Li is talking to his students. 李老师正在对他的学生谈话。
The teacher is talking to his students. 老师正在对他的同学们讲话。
②talk with sb.“和/与某人一起谈论/交谈”,双方都要发表言论,相互沟通,双方是互动的。如:
I want to talk with you. 我想和你谈谈。
Mr. Li is talking with his students. 李老师正在跟他的学生聊天。
③talk about意为“谈论,讨论”,后接谈论的内容,宾语可以是人,也可以是物。如:
People begin to talk about her. 人们开始谈论她。
I’m busy now. Let’s talk about it later. 我现在忙,让我们以后谈论它吧。
Jim and Tom are talking about how to learn English. 吉姆和汤姆在讨论怎样学好英语。
④talk of“谈及,谈到”与talk about 同义。只是talk of 仅指“浅谈表面现象(如作者、书名等)。”如:
We often talk of you.我们经常谈到你。
【知识点10】want sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。如:
I want my mother to drink some water. 我想让我妈妈喝点水。
I want my teacher to help me with my maths. 我想让我的老师帮助我学数学。
【知识点11】worry about意为“担心”,同义短语为be worried about。其中worry是动词,意为“担心,焦虑,苦恼”,worried是形容词,意为“担心的,焦虑的”。如:
Don’t worry about/be worried about me, mum. 妈妈不要担心我。
They worry about/are worried about the bad weather. 他们担心坏天气。
Every time the exam is over, I’ll be worried about the result. 每次考试结束后,我都担心考试的结果。
★(A2).【知识点再现】One day, my classmates were talking with their friends, but I sat in silence. 一天我的同学正在与他们的朋友聊天,而我默默地坐在那儿。
【知识点12】【辨析】talk with sb.与talk to sb.的用法辨析:
①talk with sb. 意为“和某人一起谈论”,双方都要发表言论,相互沟通,双方是互动的。如:
The teacher is talking with his students. 老师正在和他的同学们聊天。
②talk to sb. 意为“对某人讲话”,侧重于表示一个人对另一个人讲话,但是不表示对方也需要讲话,主要是强调告诉某人什么事,有时指上级对下级,含有“训话”意味,是单向的。如:
The teacher is talking to his students. 老师正在对他的同学们讲话。
【知识点13】in silence意为“安静地,沉默地”。Silence是名词意为“寂静,沉默,无声”。它的形容词形式为silent,意为“沉默的,无声的”。如:
He reads the book in silence. 他在默默地读书。
They finished their meal in silence. 他们安静地吃完了饭。
He is a silent, thoughtful boy. 他是一个沉默、多思的孩子。
【拓展】keep silence意为“保持安静”;keep silent意为“不啃声,默不作声”。如:
I hope you will keep silence when I’m away. 我出去后,我希望你安静些。
Anna was unable to keep silent any longer. 安娜再也不能保持沉默了。
★(A2).【知识点再现】She passed me and then turn back. 她从我身边走过,然后转过身来。
【知识点14】turn back意为“返回,折回,往回走,转过身来,回过头”。如:
She turned back towards her home. 她折了回来,往家走去。
You can not turn back the hand of the clock. 时钟难倒转,光阴不可留。
★(A2).【知识点再现】Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. 突然,我感到一种欢快而友好的东西在触动着我。
【知识点15】touch句中用作名词,意为“接触,碰到”。touch用作动词,意为“触摸,碰”。如:
I felt a touch on my back. 我感觉有人碰了我的背一下。(名词)
Don’t touch the machine. It’s dangerous. 不要碰那台机器,很危险。(动词)
【知识点16】something bright and friendly意为“一种欢快而友好的东西”,是不定代词定语后置,bright是形容词,意为“明亮的,欢快的”。如:
The bright lights arrested the boy’s attention. 明亮的灯光吸引了孩子的注意力。
★(A2).【知识点再现】It made me feel happy, lively and warm. 这使我感到很开心,快活和温暖。
【知识点17】make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”,是不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。如:
He made the little boy cry. 他使得那个小男孩哭了起来。
They made me repeat the story. 他们让我又把那故事讲了一遍。
The good news made him feel happy. 这个好消息让他感到很高兴。
【拓展】后可接不带to的动词不定式作宾补的词有感官动词see,hear,look at,watch,feel 和使役动词let,have,make等。除了不带to的不定式作宾补外,形容词和名词也可以用作宾补。
●make sb.+adj. (形容词作宾补) 如:Listening to music can make me happy. 听音乐可以使我快乐。
●make sb.+ n. (名词作宾补) 如:We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。
【知识点18】【辨析】lively,alive,living与live的用法辨析:
①lively(读作[laivli]),意为“生动的,活泼的,充满生气的”, 可作定语、表语或宾补,可以用来修饰人或物。如:
Jenny is a lively girl. 詹妮是个活泼的女孩。// Everything is lively here. 这儿一切都生机勃勃。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法,使他的课生动有趣。
②alive是表语形容词,意为“活着”,侧重说明生与死之间的界限,既修饰指人,也可修饰物;可用来作表语,后置定语或宾补,有时alive可用用作主语的补语,虽有死的可能,但还活着。如:
He is dead, but his dog is still alive. 他死了,但他的狗仍然还活着。
They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并且跟以前一样快活。
He wanted to keep the fish alive. 他想让鱼活着。(宾补)// The fish were caught alive. 这些鱼被活捉。(主补)
All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所有的同志都阵亡了,他是惟一的幸存者。
③living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”,“健在”,可用来指人或物,主要用作定语,常置于名词之前,有时也可置于名词之后。也可用作表语。living 前加上the , 表示类别,the living指“活着的人们”。living 还可用于短语:make a living 谋生。如:
My first teacher is still living. 我的启蒙老师仍健在。
Every living person has a name. 每一个活着的人都有一个名字。
The living must finish the work of those dead . 活着的人必须完成那些死去的人的事业。
The living ar