2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题·外刊阅读理解训练 (50) (24)（含解析）.doc

2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题 外刊阅读理解训练50 ——改编自Microplastics are everywhere, even in the Arctic snow 【文章】 Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic found in various consumer products, such as cosmetics, toothpaste, and tires. These small particles have harmful effects on both the environment and human health when they gather in water sources or natural areas. Recently, a study has revealed that these microplastics can contaminate Alpine snow and Arctic ice. According to the study published in the Science Advances journal, the microscopic particles become airborne and travel globally through Earth's atmosphere. Thus, microplastics found in Arctic ice could potentially harm animals from other ecosystems that consume them. Additionally, humans could also be inhaling these particles, leading to severe health issues. The study sheds light on the urgent need for research regarding the impact of airborne microplastics on animal and human health. The large concentrations of microplastics found in snow samples indicate significant air pollution and emphasize the importance of identifying the effects on the food chain, soil, and water. Overall, the study highlights the pressing environmental and health risks associated with microplastics and urges further research to mitigate their negative impact on the planet. 【重点词汇&词组】 microplastics [maɪkrəʊˈplæstɪks] n. 微塑料，微型塑料颗粒 plastic [ˈplæstɪk] n. 塑料 consumer products [kənˈsjuːmər ˈprɑdʌkts] phrase. 消费品 cosmetics [kɑzˈmɛtɪks] n. 化妆品 toothpaste [ˈtuːθpeɪst] n. 牙膏 tires [ˈtaɪr] n. 轮胎 environment [ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt] n. 环境 human health [ˈhjuːmən hɛlθ] phrase. 人类健康 water sources [ˈwɔtər ˈsɔrsəz] phrase. 水源 natural areas [ˈnætʃrəl ˈɛriəz] phrase. 自然地区 contaminate [kənˈtæmɪneɪt] v. 污染，使受到污染 Alpine [ˈælpin] adj. 阿尔卑斯山的，阿尔卑斯山区的 Arctic [ˈɑːktɪk] adj. 北极的，北极地带的 study [ˈstʌdi] n. 研究，调查 Science Advances [ˈsaɪns ədˈvænsɪz] phrase. 科学进展（学术期刊名） microscopic [ˌmaɪkrəʊˈskɒpɪk] adj. 微小的，显微镜下可见的 particles [ˈpɑːtɪklz] n. 颗粒物，粒子 airborne [ˈɛrˌbɔrn] adj. 被空气传播的，悬浮的 travel [ˈtrævl] v. 旅行，传播 globally [ˈɡloʊbəli] adv. 全球范围内地 atmosphere [ˈætməsfɪr] n. 大气，气氛 potentially [pəˈtɛnʃəli] adv. 潜在地，可能地 harm [hɑrm] v. 损害，伤害 animals [ˈænəməlz] n. 动物 ecosystems [ˈiːkoʊˌsɪstəmz] n. 生态系统 consume [kənˈsuːm] v. 消费，摄取 inhaling [ɪnˈheɪlɪŋ] v. 吸入，呼吸 severe [sɪˈvɪr] adj. 严重的，剧烈的 issues [ˈɪʃuːz] n. 问题，难题 urgent [ˈɜːrdʒənt] adj. 紧急的，迫切的 research [rɪˈsɜːrtʃ] n. 研究，调查 impact [ˈɪmpækt] n. 影响，冲击 concentrations [kənˌsɛnˈtreɪʃənz] n. 浓度，集中度 samples [ˈsæmpəlz] n. 样本，样品 air pollution [ɛr pəˈluːʃən] phrase. 空气污染 identify [aɪˈdɛntɪfaɪ] v. 确定，识别 food chain [fuːd tʃeɪn] phrase. 食物链 soil [sɔɪl] n. 土壤，泥土 mitigate [ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt] v. 缓解，减轻 negative [ˈnɛɡətɪv] adj. 消极的，负面的 planet [ˈplænɪt] n. 行星，星球 pressing [ˈprɛsɪŋ] adj. 紧迫的，迫切的 environmental [ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl] adj. 环境的，环保的 risks [rɪsks] n. 风险，危险 urges [ˈɜːrdʒɪz] v. 呼吁，敦促 further [ˈfɜːrðər] adj. 更远的，进一步的 【阅读理解习题】 1. What are microplastics? A) Consumer products like cosmetics and toothpaste. B) Tiny pieces of plastic found in various consumer products. C) Natural areas and water sources. D) Both A and B. Answer: B 中文解析：题目问什么是微塑料，文章提到是在各种消费品中发现的小块塑料。 2. What are the harmful effects of microplastics? A) Environmental damage only. B) Human health damage only. C) Both environmental and human health damage. D) No harmful effects. Answer: C 中文解析：题目问微塑料有哪些危害，文章提到当这些微小颗粒聚集在水源或自然区域中时，对环境和人类健康都有害处。 3. According to the study, how do microplastics travel globally? A) Through water sources. B) Through natural areas. C) Through Earth's atmosphere. D) None of the above. Answer: C 中文解析：题目问研究显示微塑料如何全球传播，文章指出通过地球大气层而形成空气污染。 4. Why could microplastics found in Arctic ice potentially harm animals from other ecosystems? A) Because Arctic ice is contaminated with toxic chemicals as well. B) Because microplastics become airborne and travel globally. C) Because animals consume microplastics that are present in Arctic ice. D) Because Arctic ice only affects animals in nearby ecosystems. Answer: B or C 中文解析：题目问为什么北极冰中的微塑料可能会危害来自其他生态系统的动物，文章提到由于微塑料变成了空气中污染物，所以可能危害到消费这些微塑料的动物。或因为在北极冰中发现的微塑料可能影响到摄入它们的动物。 5. What is the urgent need for research regarding the impact of airborne microplastics? A) To determine their effects on soil. B) To determine their effects on water sources. C) To determine their effects on animal and human health. D) None of the above. Answer: C 中文解析：题目问研究空气中微塑料影响方面的紧迫需求，文章提到应当紧急进行空气中微塑料对动物和人类健康的影响方面的研究。 6. What do the large concentrations of microplastics found in snow indicate? A) Significant air pollution. B) Significant soil contamination. C) Significant water pollution. D) Significant food chain damage. Answer: A 中文解析：题目问在雪中发现大量微塑料意味着什么，文章指出这表明有重要的空气污染，并强调发现其对食物