2024年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编（4）阅读理解-科教科普类（含解析）.doc

阅读理解科教科普类年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编一年新高考卷阅读IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinctresearchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecordsTodaymostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotosvideosandotherdigitalrecordsThoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanareaanewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfectWiththeriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplicationsaidBarnabasDaruwhoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciencesTheseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens标本andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchangeIwantedtoknowAretheyusableUsingaglobaldatasetof19billionrecordsofplantsinsectsbirdsandanimalsDaruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatternsWewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias使有偏差datalikethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoitsaidDaruTheirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservationonlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverageMoreoverthesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregionstimeperiodsandspeciesThismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearbyThesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreyecatchingfeaturesWhatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversityQuitealotDaruexplainedBiodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplacesandevenspeciesthatarenotwellsampledToimprovethequalityofobservationaldatabiodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage1WhatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednowATheyarebecomingoutdatedBTheyaremostlyinelectronicformCTheyarelimitedinnumberDTheyareusedforpublicexhibition2WhatdoesDarusstudyfocusonAThreatenedspeciesBPhysicalspecimensCObservationaldataDMobileapplications3WhathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudyAMistakesindataanalysisBPoorqualityofuploadedpicturesCImproperwayofsamplingDUnreliabledatacollectiondevices4WhatisDarussuggestionforbiodiversityappsAReviewdatafromcertainareasBHireexpertstochecktherecordsCConfirmtheidentityoftheusersDGiveguidancetocitizenscientists二年湖南长沙一模阅读MostbirdsinparticularexhibitsomedegreeofpatternsandcoloursAustraliaszebrafinch斑胸草雀forexamplewassonamedbecauseofthezebralikeblackandwhitebarsonitstailButitalsohasmanyothercoloursandpatternsfromabrightorangebilltofinewhitespotsalongitsreddishbrownsidesItsnotuncommontospotthebirdinthedrierpartsofAustraliaWetendtosupposeallindividualsofthatspecieshavetheirspotsandbarsinthesameplacesLookcloseryetwellseethatthequantityanddesignofthesepatternsvarybetweenindividualsAndsomehowabirdexhibitsamoreobviousfeathervariationOccasionallyweseeonethathaslargerthanusualpaleareasoffeathersormorerarelyhaslostitsnormalpatterningaltogetherColourationandpatterninginallanimalsarecausedbyarangeofpigments色素Melanin黑色素isresponsibleforblacksandbrownsandalackofthispigmentcancauseapartialortotallossofanindividualsdarkpatterningThetwomaintermsthatdescribetheseabnormalitiesarealbinismandleucismBothconditionsaregeneticandbothcanleadtoaverysimilarphysicalappearanceLeucismhowevercausesalackofthepigmentcellsthatproducemelaninButalbinismcausestheproductionofmelanintobereducedorabsentCanwedistinguishbetweenthetwoconditionswithoutthehelpofacellularbiologistYesAlbinoanimalshavefullyunpigmentedredeyesLeucisticanimalsontheotherhandnevercompletelylosepigmentfromtheeyealthoughtheycanhaveblueeyesduetoapartiallossofpigmentWhydontweseemorealbinoorleucisticbirdsBecausethelackofmelaninreducesthestrengthandlastingnessoftheaffectedbirdsfeathersmakingthemmoreeasilybrokenAdditionallythebirdsvisionandhearingarenegativelyaffectedmakingthemlessabletohuntThebrighterfeathersandlackofpatterningalsomakethemeasierforattackerstosee1WhatcanwelearnaboutAustraliaszebrafinchAItisoneoftherarestbirdsinAustraliaBItismostlycoveredwithbrightorangefeathersCItacquiresitsnamefromitstailcoloursandpatternsDIthasthesamespotsandbarsinthesameplaces2HowisthethirdparagraphdevelopedABygivingexplanationsBBypresentingopinionsCBysettingassumptionsDBydrawingconclusions3WhatcanalackofmelaninleadtoATotallossofpatternsBGeneticallybornabnormalitiesCDarkenedfeathersDAbnormalformationofwings4WhichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribesalbinoorleucisticbirdsATheyhavequitegoodhearingBTheyhavecompletelyredeyesCTheyhaveexcellenthuntingskillsDTheyhaveeasilybrokenfeathers三2024年浙江绍兴模拟阅读CWhalesarecelebratedforbeingthelargestandmostintelligentcreaturesintheoceanNowbiologistshavediscoveredthattheyalsocapture捕获tonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphereaservicewithaneconomicvalueofUS1trillionforallthegreatwhalesaccordingtoanewstudypublishedbytheInternationalMonetaryFundThestudypointsoutthatprotectingwhalesnormallyviewedasahumangoodalsohasamonetarymotivationThecarboncapturepotentialofwhalesistrulyincrediblesaidthereportOurconservativeestimatesputthevalueoftheaveragegreatwhaleatmorethanUS2millionandeasilyoverUS1trillionforthecurrentstockofgreatwhalesWhalesabsorbcarbonintheirbodiesduringtheirlonglivessomeofwhichstretchto200yearsWhentheydietheysinktothebottomoftheoceantakingthecarbonwiththemAccordingtothestudyeachgreatwhaletrapsaround33tonsofcarbondioxideonaverageAtreeduringthesameperiodonlycontributesto3percentofthecarbonabsorptionofthewhaleWhalepopulationsaretodayasmidgenofwhattheyoncewereItisestimatedthatthereareslightlymorethan13millionwhalesintheoceanaquarteroftheirprewhalingnumberof4to5millionSomespeciesinparticularlikethebluewhaleareonly3percentofwhattheyusedtobeWecancreatefinancialmethodstopromotetherestorationoftheworldswhalepopulationssaidthereportsauthorsRewardscouldhelpthosewhopaysignificantcostsasaresultofwhaleprotectionWiththeParisAgreementcomingintoforcenextyearandtheeffectsofclimatechangeevermorewidespreadwemustpreventtheharmtowhalesResearchersanalyzedthatunlessnewmethodsareputforwarditwouldtakeover30yearstodoublethenumberofcurrentwhalesandseveralgenerationstoreturnthemtotheirprewhalingnumbersSocietyandourownsurvivalcantaffordtowaitthislongtheysaid1WhatdoesthenewstudyrevealaboutwhalesATheyaremoneymakersforgoodBTheirintelligenceisunquestionableCTheyareanaturalclimatesolutionDTheirsurvivalisthreatenedbycarbon2Whyisawhalecomparedwithatreeinparagraph2AToindicateallmatterregardinggreeneffortsBToillustratewhalesarefriendlytotheoceansCTohighlightwhalescarboncapturepotentialDToemphasizetheimportanceoftreeplanting3Whatcanbeinferredfromwhatresearcherssaidinparagraph4AClimatechangeintensifiesBWhalepopulationsstaylowCOursurvivalisendangeredDWhaleprotectionisapriority4WhatisthemostsuitabletitleforthearticleAProtectwhalestoprotecttheplanetBHowtorestorewhalepopulationsCLiveinharmonywithoceangiantsDWhalescanguaranteeoursurvival四2024年辽宁朝阳二模阅读DPartsofEastAsiacouldseeriversintheskyformduetoclimatechangebringingrecordbreakinglevelsofrainfallwiththemanewstudyhasrevealedTheteamfromtheUniversityofTsukubaJapanhavealreadyseenclearsignsofglobalwarminghittingpartsofthecountrysotheywantedtoseehowbadthingscouldgetItsbeenbecomingmoreandmoreclearthatglobalwarmingmeansmorethanjustwarmertemperaturestheywroteOneparticularlydamagingextremeweathereventisanincreaseinrainfalltounexpectedandunprecedented前所未有的levelswhichcanresultinfloodingTohelppredictrainfalleventsresearcherslookedtooneofthecausestheinteractionofatmosphericriverswithmountainrangesAsthenamesuggestsatmosphericriversarelongnarrowbandsofconcentratedwatervapourflowingthroughtheatmospheretheteamexplainedWhenoneofthesebandsmeetsabarriersuchasamountainrangeitcanproduceextremelevelsofrainfallorsnowfallPartsofEastAsiahavebeensubjectedto遭受anincreasingnumberofdamagingextremeweathereventsoverthepastdecadeTounderstandtheimpacttheteamusedhighresolutionglobalatmosphericcirculationsmodelsimulations模拟thatvirtuallyrecreatetheconditionsintheatmosphereTheythenlookedatotherregionalclimatemodelscomparingsimulationsbasedonrealmeteorologicaldata气象数据from1951to2010topredictionsfor2090Authorsusedtheclimatescenariothatwouldresultin4ofwarmingcomparedtopreindustriallevelswhichissignificantlymorethan2targetsetaspartofParisClimateAgreementFirstauthorProfessorYoichiKamaesaidthattheirsimulationspredictstrengthenedwatervapourtransportaswellasincreasedrainfallatunprecedentedlevelsInsimulationsthegreatestamountsofatmosphericriverrelatedrainfalloccurredonthesouthernandwesternslopesofmountainsinEastAsiaincludinginJapantheKoreanPeninsulaandnortheasternChinaTheyhadtolimitthestudytoEastAsiaduetocomputertimeandprocessinglimitationsbutpredictitwouldapplytootherregionsaroundtheworld1WhatsthepossibleconsequenceoftheglobalwarmingAItcontributestopollutedairBItleadstohotandrainyclimateCItonlyresultsintheriseoftemperatureDItcausesthedestructionofmorespecies2TheauthorwroteParagraph4toAdescribethenewstudyBintroduceatmosphericriversCanalyzethecauseofrainfallDwarnpeopleofglobalwarming3HowistheresearchcarriedtoknowtheeffectABycomparisonBBydiscussionCByexamplesDByexplanation4WhatstheattitudeofProfessorYoichiKamaetowardtheirsimulationsATheyareriskyBTheyarevaluelessCTheyareperfectDTheyareconvincing五2024年重庆模拟阅读DResearchershavediscoveredtheoldestblackholeeverobserveddatingfromthedawnoftheuniverseandfoundthatitiseatingitshostgalaxytodeathTheinternationalteamledbytheUniversityofCambridgeusedtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeJWSTtodetecttheblackholewhichdatesfrom400millionyearsafterthebigbangTheresultswhichleadauthorProfessorRobertoMaiolinosaysareagiantleapforwardarereportedinthejournalNatureThissurprisinglymassiveblackholeevenexistssoearlyintheuniversechallengesourassumptionsabouthowblackholesformandgrowThesizeofthisnewlydiscoveredblackholesuggeststhattheymightforminotherwaystheymightbebornbigortheycaneatmatterataratethatsfivetimeshigherthanhadbeenthoughtpossibleLikeallblackholesthisyoungblackholedevoursmaterialfromitshostgalaxytofuelitsgrowthAccordingtostandardmodelssupermassiveblackholesformfromtheremainsofdeadstarswhichcollapseandmayformablackholeaboutahundredtimesthemassoftheSunIfitgrewinanexpectedwaythisnewlydetectedblackholewouldtakeaboutabillionyearstogrowtoitsobservedsizeHowevertheuniversewasnotyetabillionyearsoldwhenthisblackholewasdetectedTheyounghostgalaxycalledGNz11isacompactgalaxyaboutonehundredtimessmallerthantheMilkyWaybuttheblackholeislikelyharmingitsdevelopmentWhenblackholesconsumetoomuchgasitpushesthegasawaylikeanultrafastwindThiswindcouldstoptheprocessofstarformationslowlykillingthegalaxybutitwillalsokilltheblackholeitselfasitwouldcutofftheblackholessourceoffoodMaiolinosaysthatthegiganticleapforwardprovidedbyJWSTmakesthisthemostexcitingtimeinhiscareerItsanewerathegiantleapislikeupgradingfromGalileostelescopetoamoderntelescopeovernighthesaidTheuniversehasbeenquitegenerousinwhatitsshowingusandthisisjustthebeginning1WhatdoestheunderlinedworddevoursmeaninParagraph3AChangesBSwallowsCObservesDForms2AccordingtoParagraph5whyisGNz11likelytobeharmedABecausethehostgalaxyistoosmallBBecausetheblackholeiskillingitselfCBecausethewindceasesstarformationDBecauseblackholesproducetoomuchgas3WhatisMaiolinosattitudetothenewdiscoveryabouttheblackholeAFavorableBIntolerantCDoubtfulDAmbiguous4WhatcanwelearnfromthispassageATheblackholetookabillionyearstoachieveitssizeBSupermassiveblackholesareassumedtoformovernightCThenewdiscoveryofthehostgalaxyisagiantleapforwardDThehostgalaxyandtheblackholecanbedestroyedbythewind六2024年山西吕梁模拟阅读DAnimalshavedevelopedacircadianclockaninternalbodyclockthatrunsin24hourcyclesItisregulatedbycues提示fromtheirenvironmentButtheymaysufferfromajetlag时差反应whenthecuesanimalsareexposedtodonotmatchtheonesoftheirnaturalenvironmentKristineGandiaaPhDstudentattheUniversityofStirlinginScotlandandateamofobserverssetouttounderstandhowthejetlagoflivinginlatitudes纬度thatanimalswerenotusedtocanaffectthemGiantpandaswerechosenasthefocusforthestudypartlybecausetheylivehighlyseasonallivesGiantpandasareverygoodanimalstofocusonGandiasaidTheyareverypopularinzoosandtherearealotthathavecamerassowecanseehowtheirbehaviorchangesacrossdifferentlatitudesThesecamerasenabledustomonitorthegiantpandasbehavioracrossa24hourperiodGandiaexplainedthatthelatitudinalrangeforgiantpandasisbetween26and42degreesnorthMatchinglatitudescouldalsobeconsideredbetween26and42degreessouthasthesemirrorthetemperatureandlightingconditionsTheteammonitored11giantpandasinsixdifferentzoosSomezooswerewithintheanimalsnaturallatitudesbutinothercountriesandtheotherswereoutsidethatrangeGandiaexplainedWerecordedgiantpandabehaviortryingtoaccountforbehaviorsthatarepositiveneutral中性的andnegativeindicatorsforwelfareSothiswouldincludebehaviorslikeplayandgroomingaspositivebehaviorsdrinkinganddefecatingasneutralmaintenancebehaviorsandseveralabnormalbehaviorsasnegativebehaviorswithpacingbeingthemostcommonThoselivinginzoosoutsideoftheirhomelatitudewerefoundtobelessactiveanddisplaymorenegativebehaviorsGiantpandaslivinginzooscouldbesufferingfromajetlagiftheirbodyclocksdontmatchtheirenvironmentsGandiasaid1WhatdoesGandiaandherteamsstudyfocusonAAnimalbehaviorBAnimalbodyclockCAnimalpopularityDAnimaldistribution2WhatisareasonwhypandaswerechosenforthestudyAWidelatitudeoftheirnaturalhabitatBTheirstrongadaptabilityCTheexistingfindingsaboutthemDTheconvenienceofobservation3HowwasthestudycarriedoutAByanalyzingreasonsBBycomparingrecordingsCByconductinginterviewsDBylistingexamples4WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextAWillJetLagBeAbletoBeAvoidedBCouldAnimalsSufferfromaJetLagCIsPandaaProperSubjecttoStudyJetLagDDoesSeasonHaveAnythingtoDowithJetLag七2024年江苏苏州模拟阅读DNewresearchshowsthatremovingblackrhinoshorns犀牛角tomakethemlessattractivetoillegalhuntersisreducingtheirterritory领地sizesandmakingthemlesssociablewitheachotherThestudypublishedinthejournalPNASfoundthatdehomedSouthAfricanrhinoshavehomerangesthatare45percentsmallerthanthoseofcompleteanimalsandthattheywere37percentlesslikelytoengageinsocialinteractionsThebigdominantbullsthatusedtohaveverylargeterritoriesthatoverlappedwithalotoffemalesmaynowhavemuchlessterritoryandmuchlessreproductive繁殖的successsaysVanessaDuthwholedtheworkatSwitzerlandsUniversityofNeuchtelItsreallyhardtopredicttheeffectsofthisshesaysItdoesntmeanthatpopulationsuccesswillnecessarilydeclinebecauseitmightopenupgapsforyoungermalesthatwouldnothavehadthespaceorthemeansbeforeIndeedaUniversityofBristolstudypublishedlastyearshowedthatdehorning去角doesnotnegativelyaffectpopulationsoverallButsuchunintendedbehavioralconsequencesnecessarilyfeedintojudgmentsaboutwhetherthishighlyinvasiveprocedureisworthwhileRemarkablyperhapsthereislittlehardevidenceeitherwayNoonesputallthedatatogethertosaywhetheritsareallyeffectivemeasuresaysDuthWhatisclearisthattheintroductionofdehorningandadeclineinillegalhuntinghasoccurredatthesametimesheaddsButdehorninghasbeenaccompaniedbyotherconservationmeasuresthatmaybemoreeffectiveItsincrediblycomplicatedsaysLucyChimesamemberoftheBristolteamTherearesomanyotherfactorsinvolvedYouhavetoconsiderwhatothersecuritymeasuresarebeingcarriedoutfencingpatrolsstaffnumbersandpovertylevelssurroundingparkstheirnearnesstonationalbordersandwhetherthereiscommunityengagementChimesiscurrentlyplanningaprojectthataimstoseparatetheseandotherfactorsInthemeantimeDuthbelievesthatdehorningisaworthwhiletooloflastcourseofactionArhinothatisbehavingalittlebitstrangelyisbetterthanadeadrhino1WhatisthepurposeofremovingthehornsofblackrhinosATomakethemlesssociableBToprotectthemfrombeinghuntedCToreducetheirhomerangesDToaffecttheirreproductivesuccess2Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinvasiveprocedureinparagraph5refertoATheremovalofrhinohornsBThelossofrhinoterritoriesCTheimpactonrhinopopulationDThechangeofrhinobehavior3WhatisChimesattitudetowardthedehorningofblackrhinosASupportiveBOpposedCUnconcernedDUncertain4WhatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraphADehorningrhinosshowssatisfyingeffectsBVariousfactorsleadtothedeclineinillegalhuntingCDehorningisthelastactionresearcherswilltakeDRhinosaresupposedtobehavealittlebitstrangely八2024年江西九江三模阅读DPsychologistshavedefinednostalgia怀旧asselfconscioussociallyemotionalbittersweetbutmainlypositiveItdevelopsoutofhappymemoriesmixedwithalongingforthepastandthecloserelationshipswehadbackthenOftennostalgiainvolvesfivesensesForexamplethesmellofautumnleavesmightsparkanintenselongingforyourchildhoodhomeAlmosteveryoneexperiencesnostalgiaalthoughitsobjecttendstovarythroughoutlifeOnesurveyconductedbythepsychologistKrystineIreneBatchofoundthatyoungerpeoplefeltmorenostalgiaforpetstoysandholidaysthandidolderpeoplewhofeltitmorestronglyformusicIcameofageinthe1980sandevensongsIfoundhopelesslyannoyingbackthencanfillmewithnostalgicemotionsAsmycolleagueJulieBeckhaswrittennostalgiawasoriginallyviewedasanemotionaldisorderwhenitwasfirstdefinedinthelate17thcenturyAndcruciallyitoftenoccurswhenpeopleareexperiencingnegativemoodsorhavingbadexperiencesLonelinesscanbeatriggerasresearchersfoundin2008AnotherisbadweatherHoweverdespiteitsassociationwithnegativeemotionsnostalgiadoesnotcauseorincreaseunhappinessRathernostalgiaisadefenseresponsetounhappinessonethatbringsrelieffromanegativemoodPsychologistswritingintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyin2006foundthatstirringnostalgiainexperimentsstrengthenedpeoplessocialbondsboostedtheirpositivefeelingsaboutthemselvesandimprovedtheirmoodSimilarresearchhasshownthatwhenpeoplefeelnostalgiaitcanfiretheirsenseoflifesmeaningloweranexistential存在主义的reactiontotheideaofdeathincreasespiritualityandraiseoptimismScholarsarentsureexactlywhynostalgiaworkssomehaveinferredthatrecallinghappymemoriesstrengthensvaluedaspectsoftheselfinsituationswhenwemightotherwisefeellonelyorunworthyEitherwayitsemotionalintensityallowsthejoyofthepasttooverpowertheunpleasantnessofthepresentalittleescapismthathelpsgetusthroughthebadtimes1WhatdothepsychologiststhinkofnostalgiaAAlwayspainfulBPrimarilypositiveCSeldomintenseDUsuallyunconscious2Whyistheauthorsexperiencementionedinparagraph2AToshowtheobjectsofnostalgiachangewithageBToillustrateannoyingmusicoftenleadstonostalgiaCTohighlighttheyoungaremorelikelytobenostalgicDTodemonstratenostalgiahasanimpactonemotions3InwhichsituationmaypeopleeasilyfeelnostalgiaAAttendingalivelyclassBEngaginginafamilyreunionCStayingaloneinanemptyroomDJoininginajoyfulbirthdayparty4WhatmaybeabenefitofnostalgiaAMaintainingselfrespectBShapingpersonalinsightsCEscapingfromdailychaosDEnhancingonesselfworth答案以及解析一1答案B解析细节理解题根据第一段Todaymostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotosvideosandotherdigitalrecords今天大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片视频和其他数字记录的形式出现可知现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的故正确答案为B2答案C解析细节理解题根据第二段标本这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化我想知道它们有用吗和第四段使有偏差说我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片而不是它旁边的草可知的研究聚焦于观察数据即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据故正确答案为3答案C解析细节理解题根据第四段Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias使有偏差datalikethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoitsaidDaruDaru说我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片而不是它旁边的草以及第五段Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby这是有道理的因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触可知导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当故正确答案为C4答案D解析推理判断题根据最后一段BiodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplacesandevenspeciesthatarenotwellsampledToimprovethequalityofobservationaldatabiodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区并将他们引导到样本不足的地方甚至是物种为了提高观测数据的质量生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份可知Daru建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导故正确答案为D二1答案C解析细节理解题根据第一段第二句Australiaszebrafinch斑胸草雀forexamplewassonamedbecauseofthezebralikeblackandwhitebarsonitstail可知澳大利亚的斑胸草雀因其尾部颜色和图案而得名2答案A解析行文逻辑题分析段落结构可知第三段第一二句是本段主旨句之后展开论述twomaintermsalbinism白化andleucism白色亚种论述的方式根据原句可知是以解释概念为主比如BothconditionsareLeucismhowevercauses以及Butalbinismcauses3答案B解析细节推断题根据第三段中的Melanin黑色素isresponsibleforblacksandbrownsandalackofthispigmentcancauseapartialortotallossofanindividualsdarkpatterningThetwomaintermsthatdescribetheseabnormalitiesarealbinismandleucismBothconditionsaregeneticandbothcanleadtoaverysimilarphysicalappearance可以转换信息得出B选项正确4答案D解析细节推断题根据最后一段第二句Becausethelackofmelaninreducesthestrengthandlastingnessoftheaffectedbirdsfeathersmakingthemmoreeasilybroken可知白化或白色亚种鸟类的羽毛很容易折断三1答案C解析细节理解题根据文章第一段WhalesarecelebratedforbeingthelargestandmostintelligentcreaturesintheoceanNowbiologistshavediscoveredthattheyalsocapture捕获tonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphereaservicewithaneconomicvalueofUS1trillionforallthegreatwhalesaccordingtoanewstudypublishedbytheInternationalMonetaryFund鲸鱼被认为是海洋中最大最聪明的生物根据国际货币基金组织发表的一项新研究生物学家发现它们还从大气中捕获了数吨的碳这一服务对所有大型鲸鱼来说都具有1万亿美元的经济价值可知新的研究发现鲸鱼能从大气中捕获碳它们是一种自然的气候解决方案故选C2答案C解析推理判断题根据文章第二段Accordingtothestudyeachgreatwhaletrapsaround33tonsofcarbondioxideonaverageAtreeduringthesameperiodonlycontributesto3percentofthecarbonabsorptionofthewhale根据这项研究每头鲸鱼平均能捕获33吨二氧化碳在同一时期一棵树只贡献了鲸鱼碳吸收的3可推知文章将鲸鱼捕获碳的能力与树木相比较来强调鲸鱼的碳捕获巨大的潜力故选C3答案D解析推理判断题根据文章第四段Researchersanalyzedthatunlessnewmethodsareputforwarditwouldtakeover30yearstodoublethenumberofcurrentwhalesandseveralgenerationstoreturnthemtotheirprewhalingnumbersSocietyandourownsurvivalcantaffordtowaitthislongtheysaid研究人员分析说除非提出新的方法否则将需要30多年的时间才能使目前的鲸鱼数量增加一倍并需要几代人的时间才能使它们恢复到捕鲸前的数量他们说社会和我们自己的生存等不起这么久可知研究人员表示需要使用新的方法使鲸鱼的数量尽快恢复否则会威胁我们自身的生存因此保护鲸鱼是当务之急故选D4答案A解析主旨大意题根据文章第一段WhalesarecelebratedforbeingthelargestandmostintelligentcreaturesintheoceanNowbiologistshavediscoveredthattheyalsocapture捕获tonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphereaservicewithaneconomicvalueofUS1trillionforallthegreatwhalesaccordingtoanewstudypublishedbytheInternationalMonetaryFund鲸鱼被认为是海洋中最大最聡明的生物根据国际货币基金组织发表的一项新研究生物学家发现它们还从大气中捕获了数吨的碳这一服务对所有大型鲸鱼来说都具有1万亿美元的经济价值及第四段WiththeParisAgreementcomingintoforcenextyearandtheeffectsofclimatechangeevermorewidespreadwemustpreventtheharmtowhales随着巴黎协定明年生效气候变化的影响越来越广泛我们必须防止对鲸鱼的伤害可知鲸鱼有巨大的碳捕获能力但是它们受到威胁因此我们必须保护鲸鱼也就是保护地球和我们自己A选项保护鲸鱼就是保护地球为最佳标题故选A四1答案B解析细节理解题由第二段中Itsbeenbecomingmoreandmoreclearthatglobalwarmingmeansmorethanjustwarmertemperatures越来越清楚的是全球变暖不仅仅意味着气温升高和第三段中Oneparticularlydamagingextremeweathereventisanincreaseinrainfalltounexpectedandunprecedented前所未有的levelswhichcanresultinflooding一个特别具有破坏性的极端天气事件是降雨量增加到前所未有的水平这可能导致洪水可知全球变暖的可能后果是气候炎热多雨故选B项2答案C解析推理判断题由第四段AsthenamesuggestsatmosphericriversarelongnarrowbandsofconcentratedwatervapourflowingthroughtheatmospheretheteamexplainedWhenoneofthesebandsmeetsabarriersuchasamountainrangeitcanproduceextremelevelsofrainfallorsnowfall该团队解释道顾名思义大气河流是流经大气的细长的浓缩水蒸气带当其中一条带遇到山脉等障碍物时可能会产生极端程度的降雨或降雪可知第四段主要讲降雨产生的原因可得出作者写第四段是为了分析降雨的原因故选C项3答案A解析细节理解题由倒数第三段中Theythenlookedatotherregionalclimatemodelscomparingsimulationsbasedonrealmeteorologicaldata气象数据from1951to2010topredictionsfor2090然后他们研究了其他区域气候模型将1951年至2010年基于真实气象数据的模拟与2090年的预测进行了比较和倒数第二段Authorsusedtheclimatescenariothatwouldresultin4ofwarmingcomparedtopreindustriallevelswhichissignificantlymorethan2targetsetaspartofParisClimateAgreement研究发起人使用了与工业化前水平相比将导致4摄氏度变暖的气候情景这大大高于巴黎气候协定设定的2摄氏度目标可知研究通过比较来了解研究结果故选A项4答案D解析推理判断题由最后一段中TheyhadtolimitthestudytoEastAsiaduetocomputertimeandprocessinglimitationsbutpredictitwouldapplytootherregionsaroundtheworld由于计算机时间和处理的限制他们不得不将这项研究限制在东亚但预测它将适用于世界其他地区可知KamaeYoichi教授认为他们的模拟将适用于世界其他地区可得出KamaeYoichi教授认为他们的模拟令人信服故选D项五1答案B解析词义猜测题根据第三段Thesizeofthisnewlydiscoveredblackholesuggeststhattheymightforminotherwaystheymightbebornbigortheycaneatmatterataratethatsfivetimeshigherthanhadbeenthoughtpossible这个新发现的黑洞的大小表明它们可能以其他方式形成它们可能天生大或者它们可以以比人们想象的高五倍的速度吃掉物质以及第一段Researchershavediscoveredtheoldestblackholeeverobserveddatingfromthedawnoftheuniverseandfoundthatitiseatingitshostgalaxytodeath研究人员发现了有史以来观测到的最古老的黑洞其历史可以追溯到宇宙的黎明并发现它正在吃掉它的宿主星系可知devours是狼吞虎咽的意思等同于swallow故选B2答案C解析细节理解题根据第五段WhenblackholesconsumetoomuchgasitpushesthegasawaylikeanultrafastwindThiswindcouldstoptheprocessofstarformationslowlykillingthegalaxybutitwillalsokilltheblackholeitselfasitwouldcutofftheblackholessourceoffood当黑洞消耗过多的气体时它会像超快的风一样将气体推开这种风可以阻止恒星形成的过程慢慢杀死星系但它也会杀死黑洞本身因为它会切断黑洞的食物来源可知C选项的表述Becausethewindceasesstarformation符合原文表意故选C3答案A解析推理判断题根据最后一段MaiolinosaysthatthegiganticleapforwardprovidedbyJWSTmakesthisthemostexcitingtimeinhiscareerMaiolino说JWST提供的巨大飞跃使这成为他职业生涯中最激动人心的时刻和Theuniversehasbeenquitegenerousinwhatitsshowingusandthisisjustthebeginning宇宙在它向我们展示的东西上非常慷慨而这仅仅是个开始可推断出Maiolino对于黑洞新发现的态度是赞许支持的故选A4答案D解析细节理解题选项ATheblackholetookabillionyearstoachieveitssize中的tookabillionyears与文章文义不符选项BSupermassiveblackholesareassumedtoformovernight中的formovernight有误选项CThenewdiscoveryofthehostgalaxyisagiantleapforward中的thehostgalaxy有误故选D六1答案B解析细节理解题根据第一段Animalshavedevelopedacircadianclockaninternalbodyclockthatrunsin24hourcyclesItisregulatedbycuesfromtheirenvironmentButtheymaysufferfromajetlagwhenthecuesanimalsareexposedtodonotmatchtheonesoftheirnaturalenvironment动物已经形成了生物钟一种以24小时为周期运行的体内生物钟它受环境的影响但当动物接触到的线索与自然环境不匹配时它们可能会受到时差的影响和第二段的句子KristineGandiaaPhDstudentattheUniversityofStirlinginScotlandandateamofobserverssetouttounderstandhowthejetlagoflivinginlatitudesthatanimalswerenotusedtocanaffectthem苏格兰斯特林大学的博士生克里斯汀甘迪亚和一组观察人员开始了解生活在动物不习惯的纬度上的时差是如何影响它们的可知甘迪亚和她的团队的研究重点是环境对动物生物钟的影响故选B项2答案D解析细节理解题根据第三段GiantpandasareverygoodanimalstofocusonGandiasaidTheyareverypopularinzoosandtherearealotthathavecamerassowecanseehowtheirbehaviorchangesacrossdifferentlatitudesThesecamerasenabledustomonitorthegiantpandasbehavioracrossa24hourperiod大熊猫是非常值得关注的动物甘迪亚说它们在动物园里很受欢迎很多动物园都有摄像头所以我们可以看到它们在不同纬度的行为是如何变化的这些摄像机使我们能够在24小时内监控大熊猫的行为可知选择熊猫作为研究对象是因为方便观察故选D项3答案B解析细节理解题根据第六段GandiaexplainedWerecordedgiantpandabehaviortryingtoaccountforbehaviorsthatarepositiveneutralandnegativeindicatorsforwelfareSothiswouldincludebehaviorslikeplayandgroomingaspositivebehaviorsdrinkinganddefecatingasneutralmaintenancebehaviorsandseveralabnormalbehaviorsasnegativebehaviorswithpacingbeingthemostcommon甘迪亚解释说我们记录了大熊猫的行为试图解释积极中性和消极的行为指标因此这将包括玩耍和梳理等行为作为积极行为喝水和排便作为中性维持行为以及一些异常行为作为消极行为其中踱步是最常见的可知研究人员是通过对比大熊猫的录像进行研究的故选B项4答案B解析主旨大意题通读全文可知本文主要介绍如果大熊猫的生物钟与环境不匹配它们可能会受到时差反应的影响所以B项CouldAnimalsSufferfromaJetLag动物会有时差反应吗作为本文的题目与文章主题相符合故选B项七1答案B解析目的意图题根据第一段Newresearchshowsthatremovingblackrhinoshorns犀牛角tomakethemlessattractivetoillegalhuntersisreducingtheirterritory领地sizesandmakingthemlesssociablewitheachother新的研究表明去除黑犀牛的角色降低它们对非法猎人的吸引力会缩小它们的领地面积减少它们之间的社交能力可知切除黑犀牛的角是为了降低它们对非法猎人的吸引力保护它们不被非法猎杀故选B2答案A解析猜测词义题根据划线短语invasiveprocedure前的this可知这里提到的invasiveprocedure侵入性手术指代作者上文中刚提到的事物结合上一段中的IndeedaUniversityofBristolstudypublishedlastyearshowedthatdehorning去角doesnotnegativelyaffectpopulationsoverall事实上布里斯托大学去年发表的一项研究表明去角不会对黑犀牛总体数量产生负面影响可知这里invasiveprocedure指的是去掉黑犀牛的角ATheremovalofrhinohorns黑犀牛角的摘除BThelossofrhinoterritories黑犀牛领地的丧失CTheimpactonrhinopopulation对黑犀牛数量的影响DThechangeofrhinobehavior黑犀牛行为的变化故选A3答案D解析观点态度题根据最后一段中的ItsincrediblycomplicatedsaysLucyChimesamemberoftheBristolteamTherearesomanyotherfactorsinvolvedYouhavetoconsiderwhatothersecuritymeasuresarebeingcarriedoutfencingpatrolsstaffnumbersandpovertylevelssurroundingparkstheirnearnesstonationalbordersandwhetherthereiscommunityengagement这非常复杂布里斯托团队的成员LucyChimes说还包括很多其他因素你必须考虑正在采取的其他安全措施围栏巡逻工作人员数量以及公园周围的贫困程度公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与可知LucyChimes没有正面回应切除黑犀牛的角这个问题而是说偷猎减少这个现象很复杂除了切除黑犀牛角这个因素外需要考虑到许多因素由此可推测她对切除黑犀牛角的态度不确定故选D4答案B解析推理判断题根据最后一段中的TherearesomanyotherfactorsinvolvedYouhavetoconsiderwhatothersecuritymeasuresarebeingcarriedoutfencingpatrolsstaffnumbersandpovertylevelssurroundingparkstheirnearnesstonationalbordersandwhetherthereiscommunityengagement还包括很多其他因素你必须考虑正在采取的其他安全措施围栏巡逻工作人员数量以及公园周围的贫困程度公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与可知多种不同的因素导致非法偷猎减少故选B八1答案B解析推理判断题根据第二段的OnesurveyconductedbythepsychologistKrystineIreneBatchofoundthatyoungerpeoplefeltmorenostalgiaforpetstoysandholidaysthandidolderpeoplewhofeltitmorestronglyformusic心理学家KrystineIreneBatcho进行的一项调查发现年轻人对宠物玩具和节日的怀旧感比老年人更强烈而老年人对音乐的怀旧感则更强烈可知一首老歌最有可能使老年人怀旧故选B项2答案A解析词句猜测题根据该词所在句的语境HoweverdespiteitsassociationwithnegativeemotionsnostalgiadoesnotcauseorincreaseunhappinessRathernostalgiaisadefenseresponsetounhappinessonethatbringsrelieffromanegativemood尽管怀旧与负面情绪有关但它并不会引起或加剧不快乐相反怀旧具有独特的保护力量能够抵御不快乐并从消极情绪中带来缓解可知然而尽管怀旧与负面情绪有关但它并不会导致或加剧不快乐相反怀旧对不快乐有独一无二的防御作用故选A项3答案C解析推理判断题根据倒数第二段的BesidesnostalgiasEitherwayitsemotionalintensityallowsthejoyofthepasttooverpowertheunpleasantnessofthepresentalittleescapismthathelpsgetusthroughthebadtimes此外怀旧的情感强度允许过去的喜悦压倒现在的不愉快这有助于我们暂时忘记糟糕的时光可知怀旧情绪的强度使过去的快乐压倒现在的不愉快这帮助我们暂时忘掉艰难时刻故选C项4答案D解析主旨大意题根据第一段Psychologistshavedefinednostalgia怀旧asaselfconsciousandsocialemotionbittersweetbutmainlypositiveItdevelopsoutofhappymemoriesmixedwithadesireforthepastandthecloserelationshipswehadbackthen心理学家将怀旧定义为一种自我意识和社会情感它既苦又甜但主要是积极的它源于快乐的记忆混合着对过去和我们当时亲密关系的渴望以及全文可知文章首先提出怀旧的概念引发怀旧的条件以及早期人们对怀旧的错误认识接下来讲怀旧的积极影响A项怀旧防御不快乐的力量最能体现文章的核心思想故选D项