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初中英语词汇知识点.doc

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怪我执着 上传于:2024-06-18
初中英语词汇知识点 【导语】英语学习除了在课堂的学习,在课下的练习也是非常的重要,常言道:“功夫在课外”。课上的时间有限,大多是解决问题和学习新的内容,所以课下的吸收和复习尤为重要。以下“初中英语词汇知识点:   一、with结构的构成   它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下:   1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;   2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;   3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;   4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式;   5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。   下面分别举例:   1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)   2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)   3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.   4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)   5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语) Without anything left in the with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。   二、with结构的用法   with是介词,其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪,以教材中的句子为例,进行分类,并配以简单的解释。在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。   1. 带着,牵着…… (表动作特征)。如:   Run with the kite like this.   2. 附加、附带着……(表事物特征)。如:   A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.   3. 和…… (某人)一起。   a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈……) 。如:   Now I am in China with my parents.   Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.   He / She's talking with a friend.   b. 跟go, come 连用,有 "加入"到某方的意思。如:   Do you want to come with me?   4. 和play一起构成短语动词play   with 意为"玩耍……,玩弄……" 如:   Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.   5. 与help 一起构成 help...with...句式,意为"帮助 (某人) 做 (某事)"。如:   On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with their English.   6. 表示面部神情,有“含着……,带着……”如:   "I'm late for school," said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.   7. 表示 "用……" 如:   You play it with your feet.   What do the farmers do with your machines?   8. 表示 "对……,关于……"。如:   What's wrong with it?   There's something wrong with my computer.   三、with结构的特点   1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)   2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如: He could not finish it without me to help him.   四、几点重要的考点说明:   1
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