2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题·外刊阅读理解训练 (58)（含答案）.doc

2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题 外刊阅读理解训练58 ——改编自Closed 【文章】 PLANET EARTH is facing a daunting challenge as countries across the world struggle to contain the covid-19 pandemic. Governments are imposing stringent controls and shutting down businesses, causing the global economy to reel. However, even worse may be awaiting us, with new findings suggesting that suppressing the outbreak will likely require repeated shutdowns, leading to grave economic harm. Economies worldwide have been hit much harder than anticipated, with industrial output plummeting and retail sales declining drastically. To manage the disease and avoid overloading healthcare systems, governments are faced with two options: mitigation and suppression. Mitigation aims to reduce the intensity of the pandemic by isolating cases while suppression aims to stop it in its tracks by shutting everything down. A group from Imperial College London has found that mitigation would only prevent about half of the deaths caused by the virus if left unchecked in advanced economies. Suppression has worked in China, but with low infection rates, this approach leaves many people vulnerable to the virus. As the virus is so widespread, epidemics could return after restrictions are lifted, requiring repeated suppressions until there is either a vaccine or the disease has run its course. There are trade-offs between the two strategies, and both can be made more efficient through mass testing, enforcing quarantines and social distancing with technology, and investing in healthcare. Governments may favor suppression now, but if the disease is not conquered quickly, they may resort to mitigation, at the cost of many lives. In conclusion, governments face challenging choices as they navigate this unprecedented crisis. While hope remains for treatments such as antiviral compounds, the situation requires immediate and decisive action based on evidence, with investment in healthcare and technology to make both approaches more effective. 【重点词汇&词组】 1. daunting (adj.) - 使人畏惧的 2. challenge (n.) - 挑战 3. pandemic (n.) - 大流行病 4. governments (n.) - 政府 5. imposing (v.) - 强制实施 6. stringent (adj.) - 严格的 7. shutdowns (n.) - 停工 8. global (adj.) - 全球的 9. economy (n.) - 经济 10. reeling (v.) - 摇晃 11. findings (n.) - 发现 12. suppressing (v.) - 抑制 13. outbreak (n.) - 爆发 14. harm (n.) - 伤害 15. worldwide (adv.) - 全世界地 16. industrial (adj.) - 工业的 17. output (n.) - 产出 18. plummeting (v.) - 暴跌 19. retail (adj.) - 零售的 20. sales (n.) - 销售额 21. managing (v.) - 管理 22. overloading (v.) - 过载 23. healthcare (n.) - 医疗保健 24. faced (v.) - 面临 25. mitigation (n.) - 缓解 26. intensity (n.) - 强度 27. isolating (v.) - 隔离 28. advanced (adj.) - 先进的 29. economies (n.) - 经济体 30. deaths (n.) - 死亡数 31. virus (n.) - 病毒 32. unchecked (adj.) - 未被遏制的 33. worked (v.) - 起作用 34. infection (n.) - 感染 35. rates (n.) - 率 36. widespread (adj.) - 广泛的 37. epidemics (n.) - 流行病 38. restrictions (n.) - 限制 39. trade-offs (n.) - 折衷 40. efficient (adj.) - 高效的 41. mass (adj.) - 大规模的 42. testing (n.) - 检测 43. enforcing (v.) - 实施 44. quarantines (n.) - 隔离 45. social distancing (n.) - 社交距离 46. technology (n.) - 技术 47. investing (v.) - 投资 48. conquered (v.) - 征服 49. treatments (n.) - 治疗方法 50. antiviral (adj.) - 抗病毒的 【阅读理解习题】 1. What has been the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the global economy? A. It has had no impact on the global economy. B. It has caused governments to remove all restrictions and shut down businesses. C. It has led to governments implementing strict controls and shutting down businesses, resulting in severe economic harm. D. It has led to industrial output skyrocketing. Answer: C 解析：文章第一句话就阐明了COVID-19对地球造成的严峻挑战，文中还提到了因为政府实行管制和关闭企业导致全球经济动荡的情况，这都说明选项C是正确答案。 2. What are governments faced with in order to manage the covid-19 pandemic? A. Reducing industrial output. B. Imposing stringent controls. C. Implementing policies to increase retail sales. D. Two options - mitigation and suppression. Answer: D 解析：文章中提到政府面临两个选择：缓解和压制，因此选项D是正确答案。 3. Which strategy aims to reduce the intensity of the pandemic by isolating cases? A. Suppression. B. Mitigation. C. Quarantine. D. Social distancing. Answer: B 解析：文章中提到缓解（mitigation）的策略目标是通过隔离病例减轻大流行病的强度，因此选项B是正确答案。 4. What does the Imperial College London group find regarding the effectiveness of mitigation in advanced economies? A. It would prevent all deaths caused by the virus. B. It would prevent half of the deaths caused by the virus if left unchecked in advanced economies. C. It would not prevent any deaths caused by the virus. D. The article does not mention the effectiveness of mitigation in advanced economies. Answer: B 解析：文章中提到伦敦帝国学院的一组人发现，如果在发达经济体不受监管的情况下只采取缓解措施，那么仅能够避免病毒导致的死亡人数的一半，因此选项B是正确答案。 5. What has been successful in China regarding managing the covid-19 pandemic? A. Suppression with low infection rates. B. Mass testing. C. Enforcing quarantines. D. Social distancing with technology. Answer: A 解析：文章中提到压制措施在中国是成功的，但由于感染率低，此方法留下许多人容易感染该病毒，因此选项A是正确答案。 6. What may happen after restrictions on activities are lifted? A. Epidemics could return, requiring repeated suppressions until there is either a vaccine or the disease has run its course. B. The economy will rebound rapidly. C. Governments will implement even stricter controls. D. The virus will become less virulent. Answer: A 解析：文章提到由于病毒的广泛传播，一旦放松限制，流行病可能会再次爆发，需要重复压制，直到有疫苗或该病毒自然消失，因此选项A是正确答案。 7. How can both mitigation and suppression be made more efficient according to the article? A. By reducing healthcare investment. B. By not enforcing quarantines or social distancing. C. Through mass testing, enforcing quarantines and social distancing with technology, and investing in healthcare. D. The article does not mention any ways to make both strategies more efficient. Answer: C 解析：文章中提到通过大规模检测、利用技术强制隔离和社交距离，并投资于医疗保健来使缓解和压制更加有效率，因此选项C是正确答案。 8. What does the article suggest about governments' choices regarding the covid-19 pandemic? A. They should hope fo