2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题·外刊阅读理解训练 (70)（含答案）.doc

2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题 外刊阅读理解训练70 ——改编自Air pollution May Increase fracture risk 【文章】 Air pollution has been found to increase the risk of bone fractures among people over 65 years old, according to a study in Lancet Planetary Health. The risk for bone fractures steadily increases as levels of air pollution, specifically particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM 2.5), go up. The study tracked hospital admissions among 9.2 million Medicare recipients in the Northeast over eight years and revealed that areas with the highest concentrations of PM 2.5 had almost 5% higher rates of bone fractures compared to those with the lowest. Another study analyzed levels of parathyroid hormone, which is crucial to bone health, in 692 middle-aged low-income men in Boston. The research found that individuals living in locations with higher levels of air pollution had lower concentrations of parathyroid hormone and lower levels of bone mineral density. The senior author, Andrea A. Baccarelli, a professor of environmental medicine at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, likened air pollution to diluted smoking. He stated that even at pollution levels considered acceptable by the Environmental Protection Agency, there is still an increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, bone mineral density loss, and other health issues associated with pollution. This study highlights the devastating effects of air pollution on human health, including bone fractures and loss of bone mineral density. As such, it is essential to take necessary measures to curb air pollution by reducing emissions from industrial and transportation sectors while promoting sustainable practices. Additionally, individuals can take steps like using public transportation or buying eco-friendly products to reduce their carbon footprint and support efforts to mitigate air pollution's harmful effects. 【重点词汇&词组】 1. air pollution（n.）空气污染 2. increase（v.）增加 3. risk（n.）风险 4. bone fractures（n.）骨折 5. particulate matter（n.）颗粒物 6. micrometers（n.）微米 7. hospital admissions（n.）住院 8. Medicare recipients（n.）医疗保险受益人 9. concentrations（n.）浓度 10. parathyroid hormone（n.）甲状旁腺激素 11. bone health（n.）骨健康 12. low-income（adj.）低收入的 13. locations（n.）地点 14. bone mineral density（n.）骨密度 15. senior author（n.）高级作者 16. environmental medicine（n.）环境医学 17. Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health（n.）哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院 18. diluted（adj.）稀释的 19. smoking（n.）吸烟 20. acceptable（adj.）可接受的 21. Environmental Protection Agency（n.）美国环保局 22. cancer（n.）癌症 23. cardiovascular disease（n.）心血管疾病 24. health issues（n.）健康问题 25. devastating（adj.）毁灭性的 26. human health（n.）人类健康 27. loss（n.）损失 28. necessary measures（n.）必要措施 29. curb（v.）控制 30. emissions（n.）排放 31. industrial（adj.）工业的 32. transportation（n.）交通运输 33. sustainable（adj.）可持续的 34. practices（n.）实践 35. individuals（n.）个人 36. public transportation（n.）公共交通 37. eco-friendly（adj.）环保的 38. carbon footprint（n.）碳足迹 39. support（v.）支持 40. efforts（n.）努力 41. mitigate（v.）减轻 42. harmful effects（n.）有害影响 【阅读理解习题】 1. According to the study in Lancet Planetary Health, what is the correlation between air pollution and bone fractures among people over 65 years old? A. The risk for bone fractures decreases as levels of air pollution go up. B. The risk for bone fractures remains stable regardless of levels of air pollution. C. The risk for bone fractures steadily increases as levels of air pollution go up. D. Air pollution has no significant impact on bone fractures. Answer: C 中文解析：根据《柳叶刀行星卫生杂志》的一项研究，对于年龄超过65岁的人来说，随着细颗粒物（PM2.5）水平的升高，骨折风险稳步增加。 2. How did the research on parathyroid hormone in middle-aged low-income men in Boston connect to air pollution? A. It analyzed how air pollution affects individuals’ parathyroid hormone levels and bone mineral density. B. It investigated how air pollution impacts men’s bone fractures. C. It revealed how higher levels of air pollution lead to increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone. D. It directly found a correlation between air pollution and bone densities in middle-aged men. Answer: A 中文解析：波士顿的一项研究分析了692名中年低收入男性的甲状旁腺激素水平，此项研究发现住在污染水平更高的地方的人甲状旁腺激素水平更低，骨矿物质密度也更低。 3. According to Andrea A. Baccarelli, how does he liken air pollution? A. He compares it to smoking which is diluted. B. He calls it the diluted form of smoking. C. He sees it as a more dangerous form of smoking. D. He regards it as similar to smoking in terms of its impact on health. Answer: D 中文解析：这项研究的资深作者Andrea A.Baccarelli在哥伦比亚大学邮报公共卫生学院担任环境医学教授，他将空气污染与稀释的吸烟进行了比较。 4. What are the adverse health effects associated with pollution according to the article? A. Bone fractures and loss of bone mineral density. B. Cancer and cardiovascular disease. C. Cardiovascular disease and respiratory problems. D. Cancer and respiratory problems. Answer: B 中文解析：文章中提到，即使在“环境保护局”认可的污染水平下，人们仍会面临心血管疾病、癌症、骨矿物质密度丢失以及与污染有关的其他健康问题等风险。 5. What was observed in hospital admissions among 9.2 million Medicare recipients in the Northeast over eight years? A. Areas with PM 2.5 concentrations smaller than 2.5 micrometers had higher rates of bone fractures. B. Areas with the highest concentrations of PM 2.5 had almost 5% lower rates of bone fractures compared to those with the lowest. C. Areas with PM 2.5 concentrations higher than 2.5 micrometers had higher rates of bone fractures. D. Areas with the highest concentrations of PM 2.5 had almost 5% higher rates of bone fractures compared to those with the lowest. Answer: D 中文解析：这项研究追踪了8年间东北部920万名医保收款人的住院情况，并发现与PM2.5浓度最高的区域相比，骨折率几乎高出5%。 6. What is the ultimate goal of this study? A. To stress the importance of promoting sustainable practices in daily life. B. To warn individuals about the risks of air pollution on their health. C. To urge governments to introduce policies to reduce emissions. D. To encourage healthcare institutions to take measures to curb air pollution. Answer: C 中文解析：该研究旨在突出空气污染对人类健康的毁灭性影响，其中包括骨折和骨矿物质密度损失等，因此有必要采取必要措施控