2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题·外刊阅读理解训练 (65)（含答案）.doc

2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题 外刊阅读理解训练65 ——改编自Kids these days only seem dumb if you think you’re a genius 【文章】 A recent study in Science Advances has shown that negative opinions about modern children held by older generations are not always based on actual evidence. The study was conducted by John Protzko, a cognitive scientist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who was inspired while studying delayed gratification in children. Protzko found that experts believed children today were weaker at controlling themselves around rewards like candy compared to 50 years ago. However, his research proved this belief to be incorrect. Protzko's latest research focused on three traits: respect for elders or authoritarianism, intelligence, and enjoyment of reading. He asked participants whether they thought modern children shared these qualities and found that adults who tested strongly in one of the categories tended to view modern children as weak in it. For example, if someone identified as intelligent, they were more likely to see modern children as less intelligent than children of the past. Protzko believes this is because people remember their younger selves as smarter or better behaved than they actually were. In another part of the study, the researchers tricked participants into thinking they were more well-read than they actually were, leading many to change their opinions on children's reading abilities. Protzko explained that biases occur due to fallible memories and a lack of objective knowledge about childhood. People who are high in traits such as respect for elders or authority may believe that all children were like them when they were young. Over time, this bias makes it seem like children are failing more and more. Furthermore, the bias is stronger among older participants. Protzko's study suggests that people should be aware of their biases and not base their opinions on false assumptions. 【重点词汇&词组】 1. study (n.) - 研究、调查 2. Science Advances - 科学进步杂志 3. negative (adj.) - 消极的、负面的 4. opinion (n.) - 意见、看法 5. modern (adj.) - 现代的、现代化的 6. generation (n.) - 一代、代人 7. evidence (n.) - 证据、证明 8. cognitive (adj.) - 认知的、认识的 9. scientist (n.) - 科学家 10. University of California - 加州大学 11. Santa Barbara - 圣巴巴拉 12. delayed gratification - 推迟满足感 13. control (v.) - 控制、掌控 14. reward (n.) - 奖励、报酬 15. candy (n.) - 糖果、甜食 16. research (n.) - 研究、调查 17. belief (n.) - 信仰、信念 18. incorrect (adj.) - 错误的、不正确的 19. trait (n.) - 特征、特点 20. respect (n.) - 尊重、敬重 21. authoritarianism (n.) - 专制主义、独裁主义 22. intelligence (n.) - 智力、聪明 23. enjoyment (n.) - 快乐、享受 24. participant (n.) - 参与者、参加者 25. category (n.) - 类别、种类 26. view (v.) - 视为、看待 27. memory (n.) - 记忆、回忆 28. objective (adj.) - 客观的、目标的 29. bias (n.) - 偏见、偏爱 30. childhood (n.) - 童年、幼年 31. elder (n.) - 长者、长辈 32. authority (n.) - 权威、权力 33. fallible (adj.) - 易错的、有过失的 34. knowledge (n.) - 知识、学问 35. high (adj.) - 高的、强的 36. failing (n.) - 失败、缺陷 37. older (adj.) - 年长的、老年的 38. suggest (v.) - 建议、提议 39. aware (adj.) - 意识到的、知道的 40. false (adj.) - 错误的、虚假的 41. assumption (n.) - 假设、设想 42. trick (v.) - 欺骗、哄骗 43. well-read (adj.) - 博览群书的 44. opinion (n.) - 意见、看法 45. change (v.) - 改变、变换 46. bias (n.) - 偏见、偏爱 47. strong (adj.) - 强烈的、坚定的 48. younger (adj.) - 年轻的、年幼的 49. self (n.) - 自我、自身 50. behaved (adj.) - 行为乖巧的、表现好的 【阅读理解习题】 1. What inspired John Protzko to conduct his study? A. A belief held by experts about modern children. B. A desire to study cognitive science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. C. A love of candy and delayed gratification. D. A need to explore opinions about children held by different generations. Answer: A 中文解析：John Protzko在研究儿童延迟满足感时受到了启发，想要探究的是专家们对现代儿童的一种看法。 2. Which of the following three traits was NOT studied by Protzko? A. Respect for elders or authoritarianism. B. Intelligence. C. Enjoyment of reading. D. Delayed gratification. Answer: D 中文解析：Protzko关注的三个特质是：尊重长辈或者权威、智力和阅读兴趣，与改变的情况有关系。 3. Why did adults who tested strongly in one category tend to view modern children as weak in it? A. Because modern children are actually weaker in those areas than children of the past. B. Because people remember their younger selves as smarter or better behaved than they actually were. C. Because respect for elders or authority is a trait that doesn't change over time. D. Because intelligence is linked to genetics, and modern children have less intelligent parents. Answer: B 中文解析：如果某人自认为聪明，他们更可能认为现代孩子比过去的孩子更没有智慧。因为人们回忆自己年轻时比实际上更聪明或者表现更好。 4. What did the researchers do in another part of the study? A. They asked participants about their opinions on delayed gratification in children. B. They tested participants' reading abilities using a standardized test. C. They tricked participants into thinking they were more well-read than they actually were. D. They asked participants about their opinions on authoritarianism. Answer: C 中文解析：在研究的另一部分中，研究人员欺骗了参与者，让他们认为自己读得比实际情况要多，导致许多人改变了对儿童阅读能力的看法。 5. Why might people believe that all children were like them when they were young? A. Because people tend to have fallible memories and a lack of objective knowledge about childhood. B. Because people who are high in respect for elders or authority struggle to understand how children have changed over time. C. Because people have less contact with children as they get older. D. Because modern children are less unique than children of the past. Answer: A 中文解析：人们可能认为所有年轻时的孩子都像他们那样，因为他们记忆不可靠且缺乏关于童年的客观知识。 6. According to Protzko's research, which participants were more likely to view modern children as weaker in a certain trait? A. Older participants. B. Younger participants. C. Participants with children. D. Participants without children. Answer: A 中文解析：Protzko的研究表明，具有尊重长辈或权威等特质的人对现代孩子的看法更可能出现偏差，老年参与者更容易出现这种失误。 7. What is the key lesson people should learn from Protzko's research? A. People should be aware of their biases and avoid making false assumptions about modern children. B. People should believe that children are getting weaker and failing more. C. People should trust the opinions of experts rather than their own experiences. D. People should not worry about controlling themselves aroun