2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题·外刊阅读理解训练 (67)（含答案）.doc

2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题 外刊阅读理解训练67 ——改编自Opportunity is not created equal in Silicon Valley for African Americans, Hispanics 【文章】 Recent data released by major companies in Silicon Valley confirm what many have suspected: the tech industry is not offering equal opportunities to minorities and women. Blacks and Hispanics are severely underrepresented, and women are also underrepresented at all levels of the tech industry, including large corporations, startups, and venture capital firms. The industry that prides itself on being a meritocracy is, in reality, more like a "mirrortocracy," according to Mitch Kapor, co-chair of the Kapor Center for Social Impact. This means that most companies still hire people who look like themselves which could undermine Silicon Valley's competitiveness in attracting the best people and ideas to create the next Facebook or Google. The exclusion of minorities and women from the tech industry could increase the unemployment rate for these groups, which is already three times the national average. With computer science jobs being the fastest-growing and among the highest paying, this issue is particularly concerning. Despite this, just one in 14 technical employees in Silicon Valley is black or Hispanic. According to Laura Weidman Powers, co-founder of Code 2040, networks drive hiring in Silicon Valley and referrals are key. Because of this network-based approach, white and Asian men are more likely to get hired and promoted or funded than other groups. This lack of diversity has made it challenging for African Americans and Hispanics to break into the industry. Even when they do secure jobs or start their own ventures, they often face additional obstacles. Silicon Valley must address its diversity problem if it hopes to continue leading the tech industry. To do so, the industry needs to focus on consciously making efforts to overcome unconscious bias in recruitment and promotion practices. It can also expand access to computer science education to traditionally underserved communities. Diversifying the tech industry will broaden perspectives and foster innovation, ultimately leading to significant returns for businesses and the wider economy. 【重点词汇&词组】 1. minorities (n.) 少数民族 2. women (n.) 女性 3. tech industry (n.) 科技产业 4. underrepresented (adj.) 代表不足的 5. corporations (n.) 公司 6. startups (n.) 初创企业 7. venture capital (n.) 风险投资 8. meritocracy (n.) 精英统治 9. competitiveness (n.) 竞争力 10. exclusion (n.) 排斥 11. unemployment rate (n.) 失业率 12. computer science (n.) 计算机科学 13. technical employees (n.) 技术员工 14. referrals (n.) 推荐 15. diversity (n.) 多样性 16. conscious efforts (n.) 有意识的努力 17. unconscious bias (n.) 无意识偏见 18. recruitment (n.) 招聘 19. promotion practices (n.) 晋升做法 20. expand access (v.) 扩大接触 21. underserved communities (n.) 被较少服务的社区 22. diversifying (v.) 多样化 23. perspectives (n.) 观点 24. foster innovation (v.) 促进创新 25. significant returns (n.) 显著回报 26. Silicon Valley (n.) 硅谷 27. co-chair (n.) 共同主席 28. minority groups (n.) 少数群体 29. severely (adv.) 严重地 30. competitiveness (n.) 竞争力 31. mirrortocracy (n.) 镜像政治 32. undermine (v.) 损害 33. attracting (v.) 吸引 34. exclusion (n.) 排斥 35. unemployment (n.) 失业 36. fastest-growing (adj.) 增长最快的 37. paying (adj.) 有报酬的 38. key (adj.) 关键的 39. network-based (adj.) 基于网络的 40. promoted (v.) 宣传 41. additional obstacles (n.) 额外障碍 42. consciously (adv.) 有意识地 43. expansion (n.) 扩张 44. access (n.) 接触 45. innovation (n.) 创新 46. wider economy (n.) 更广泛的经济 47. address (v.) 解决 48. unconscious (adj.) 无意识的 49. bias (n.) 偏见 50. recruitment practices (n.) 招聘做法 【阅读理解习题】 1. According to the recent data, which of the following groups is severely underrepresented in the tech industry? A) Whites and Asians. B) Blacks and Hispanics. C) Women. D) Men. Answer: B 解析：文章提到黑人和拉丁裔在科技行业中严重缺乏代表，选项B符合题意。 2. Which term is used to describe the hiring process in Silicon Valley? A) Networking. B) Meritocracy. C) Mirrortocracy. D) Inclusivity. Answer: A 解析：文章提到网络推荐是硅谷招聘的关键，也说明了这种方法的重要性。 3. What could be the consequence of exclusion from the tech industry for minorities and women? A) An increase in computer science jobs. B) Higher salaries for minority groups. C) A decrease in unemployment rates. D) Higher unemployment rates for these groups. Answer: D 解析：文章提到少数族裔和女性在科技行业中处于劣势地位，未来失业率可能会上升，选项D符合题意。 4. According to the article, why is diversity important for the tech industry? A) It will make the industry more competitive. B) It will lower the unemployment rate for whites and Asians. C) It will create higher-paying jobs. D) It will decrease the need for referrals in hiring practices. Answer: A 解析：文章提到科技行业的多样化能够增加吸引最优秀人才和创新点子的竞争力，选项A符合题意。 5. What does Mitch Kapor suggest is the problem with the tech industry's hiring practices? A) It relies too heavily on referrals. B) It does not focus enough on diversity. C) It hires people who look like themselves. D) It does not offer equal opportunities to minorities and women. Answer: C 解析：Mitch Kapor认为科技行业的招聘更像是“镜中主义”，即大多数公司仍然雇佣长得和他们自己相似的人，选项C符合题意。 6. What does Laura Weidman Powers identify as the key factor in Silicon Valley's hiring process? A) Unconscious bias. B) Referrals. C) Diversity. D) Meritocracy. Answer: B 解析：文章中提到网络推荐是硅谷招聘关键的方法，这也是Laura Weidman Powers所发现的。 7. What suggestion is made for addressing the diversity problem in the tech industry? A) Consciously making efforts to overcome unconscious bias. B) Focusing only on promoting minority employees. C) Ending all referral-based hiring practices. D) Only expanding access to computer science education for underserved communities. Answer: A 解析：文章提到硅谷需要专注于有意识地努力克服招聘和晋升过程中的无意识偏见，选项A符合题意。 8. What does the article suggest will happen if the tech industry diversifies? A) It will increase unemployment rates. B) It will decrease business profits. C) It will foster innovation. D