2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题·外刊阅读理解训练 (32) (24)（含解析）.doc

2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题 外刊阅读理解训练32 ——改编自Kindness Can Have Unexpectedly Positive Consequences 【文章】 Happiness can be improved through being kind to others, according to scientists. Even small gestures such as buying someone a cup of coffee can boost a person's mood. However, people may not always take the opportunities to perform such actions. A recent study conducted by Nick Epley, a behavioral scientist at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, and his colleague examined this phenomenon. The study shows that people who perform random acts of kindness do not always understand how much of an impact they are having on others. They systematically underestimate how much these actions are valued. The researchers conducted multiple experiments involving approximately 1,000 participants who performed a random act of kindness with no expectation of anything in return. The specific acts of kindness varied from one experiment to another. For example, in one experiment, people wrote notes to friends and family "just because." In another, they gave away cupcakes. The researchers asked both the person performing the kind act and the recipient to fill out questionnaires. They asked the person who had acted with kindness to report their own experience and predict their recipient's response. The results showed that people consistently undervalue the positive impact of their kind actions. People's expectations of the recipient's reaction were consistently lower than the actual reported response. In other words, the acts of kindness had a more significant impact on the recipients than the performers believed. This research highlights the importance of being kind to others. Not only does it have a positive effect on the recipient, but it also benefits the performer. The act of kindness can improve the performer's well-being by boosting mood and providing a sense of purpose. Therefore, we should all strive to perform random acts of kindness whenever possible, even if we do not realize how impactful they may be. 【重点词汇&词组】 happiness [ˈhæpɪnəs] n. 快乐 kindness [ˈkaɪndnəs] n. 善良 scientists [ˈsaɪəntɪsts] n. 科学家 gestures [ˈdʒestʃəz] n. 手势、姿态 boost [buːst] v. 提高、增强 mood [muːd] n. 心情 opportunities [ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtiz] n. 机会 perform [pəˈfɔːm] v. 执行、表演 recent [ˈriːsnt] adj. 最近的 study [ˈstʌdi] n. 研究 behavioral [bɪˈheɪvjərəl] adj. 行为的 scientist [ˈsaɪəntɪst] n. 科学家 University [ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti] n. 大学 Chicago [ʃɪˈkɑːɡəʊ] n. 芝加哥 Booth [buːθ] n. 布斯商学院 colleague [ˈkɒliːɡ] n. 同事、同僚 examined [ɪɡˈzæmɪnd] v. 检查、审查 phenomenon [fɪˈnɒmɪnən] n. 现象 random [ˈrændəm] adj. 随机的 understand [ˌʌndəˈstænd] v. 理解 impact [ˈɪmpækt] n. 影响 valued [ˈvæluːd] adj. 有价值的 experiments [ɪkˈsperɪmənts] n. 实验 approximately [əˈprɒksɪmətli] adv. 大约 participants [pɑːˈtɪsɪpənts] n. 参与者、参赛者 specific [spəˈsɪfɪk] adj. 具体的 wrote [rəʊt] v. 写 notes [nəʊts] n. 笔记、便条 family [ˈfæməli] n. 家庭 gave [ɡeɪv] v. 给予、赠送 cupcakes [ˈkʌpkeɪks] n. 纸杯蛋糕 recipient [rɪˈsɪpiənt] n. 接受者 questionnaires [kwes.tʃəˈnerz] n. 问卷调查 predict [prɪˈdɪkt] v. 预测 results [rɪˈzʌlts] n. 结果 consistently [kənˈsɪstəntli] adv. 一贯地 undervalue [ˌʌndəˈvæljuː] v. 低估 positive [ˈpɒzətɪv] adj. 积极的、正面的 effect [ɪˈfekt] n. 影响 well-being [ˈwelˈbiːɪŋ] n. 安康、幸福 strive [straɪv] v. 努力、奋斗 realize [ˈrɪəlaɪz] v. 意识到 impactful [ˈɪmpæktfəl] adj. 有影响的 【阅读理解习题】 1. What is the main idea of the article? A. Small gestures of kindness, such as buying someone a coffee, can improve happiness. B. People do not always realize the impact their acts of kindness have on others. C. Acts of kindness benefit both the performer and the recipient. D. All of the above. Answer: D 解析：根据文章内容可知，本文主要探讨“善行”对于个人幸福感的影响，并结合科学研究说明人们常常低估他们的行为对他人的积极影响，同时指出这种“善行”不仅对受益者有益，对行为者自身也有好处。因此选项D为正确答案。 2. According to the article, what is a random act of kindness? A. An act of kindness that is unexpected and has no expectation of return. B. An act of kindness that is planned in advance with an expectation of something in return. C. An act of kindness that is only performed for family members. D. None of the above. Answer: A 解析：根据文章第二段，“随便做点好事”是一种完全没有回报期望的善举。因此，选项A为正确答案。 3. What did the study conducted by Nick Epley and his colleague involve? A. Multiple experiments involving participants performing random acts of kindness. B. Participants writing letters to friends and family. C. Asking participants to fill out questionnaires about their own experiences. D. All of the above. Answer: D 解析：根据文章第三和第四段可知，Epley和他的同事进行了多次实验，包括参与者进行随机善行，如书写便笺赠送杯子蛋糕等。同时，要求行为者和受益者分别填写问卷调查。因此，选项D为正确答案。 4. What did the researchers find out about people's expectations of the recipient's reaction to random acts of kindness? A. Their expectations are always higher than the actual response. B. Their expectations are usually equal to the actual response. C. Their expectations are consistently lower than the actual response. D. None of the above. Answer: C 解析：根据文章第五段，“结果表明，人们普遍低估他们的友好行为所产生的积极影响。人们对受益者反应的期望通常比实际报告的反应更低。”因此，选项C为正确答案。 5. How can performing random acts of kindness benefit the performer? A. By improving mood and well-being. B. By earning the performer recognition and reward. C. By gaining the performer social status. D. None of the above. Answer: A 解析：根据文章第七段，“善行”可以通过提高情绪和给予一种目的感来提高个人的幸福感。因此，选项A为正确答案。 6. Why do people not always understand the impact of their kind actions on others? A. Because they do not care about the effect of their actions. B. Because they underestimate the value of their actions. C. Because they do not perform acts of kindness often enough. D. None of the above. Answer: B 解析：根据文章第二段，“人们不总是意识到他们的善行对别人的影响有多大。他们系统地低估了这些行动的