高考英语阅读理解分类训练：说明文（含答案）.doc

阅读理解Ifyouthoughtteenagebullyingwasaboutsomeonesbagbeingthrownonthescienceblockrooformalicious恶意的exchangesonSnapchatthenyouneedtomeetNatashaDevonaleadingmentalhealtheducatorinBritishschoolsShesaysthatanincreasingnumberofgirlsareaskingforhelpwithhiddenformsofbullyingoftenwithinfriendshipgroupsInthelatestgovernmentstudyof10000pupilsboysaged15and16werelesslikelytobebulliedthanadecadeagobutgirlshavereportedariseinissuessuchasnamecallingsocialexclusionandcyberbullyingGirlongirlbullyingdoesntonlyhappeningirlsschoolsstressesDevonIseegirlstoxicfriendshipsinalltheschoolsIvisitmixedgirlsstateandprivateTypicallybeinginatoxicfriendshipcanwearonagirlsselfesteemShewillfollowtheothersadviceondietanddressingandappearstobeforgoingherownambitionstopleaseherfriendHerfriendundermines暗中打击herwithseeminglysupportivebutsubtlyabusivecommentsleavinghertothinkshestheonewiththeproblemThisexplainsDevonistypicalgaslightingAnotherbehavioursaysDevonistoppingwhenagirlsharessomethingdifficultthatshappeningtoherandthefriendrespondswithOheveryonegoesthroughthatessentiallytryingtobelittlethemSowhatcanparentsdotosupporttheirdaughtersTellingyourchildwhattodoveryrarelyworksaftertheageof11DevonsaysButitwillsinkinandgiventimetheymayactonitAdvisethemtotalktotheirfriendsinaneutralspacepreferablyadayafteranincidentWhenconfrontingtheirfriendstheyshouldconfine限制ittotheirexperienceIfeellikethisratherthanmakingaccusationsYoudidthisTheyalsoneedtobepreparedtostepawayfromthefriendorgroupperhapsforafewmonthsorperhapsforeverDevonadds1WhatcanweinferaboutteenagebullyingAItisonthedeclineBIttendstobephysicalCIttakesondifferentformsDItisuniquetogirlsschools2WhatdoestheunderlinedwordforgoingmeaninParagraph4AAbandoningBFulfillingCPursuingDSharing3WhichofthefollowingresponsesisanexampleoftoppingAThankyoufortellingmeWhatcanIdotohelpBYouaresosmartWhybothertoaskmeaboutitCImsorrythatyouregoingthroughthisrightnowDOhyeahWellsomethingevenworsehappenedtome4WhatisagirladvisedtodoaboutadifficultfriendshipAThinkaboutherfriendspositivepartsBHaveaconversationwithherfriendCPointoutherfriendswrongdoingsDThreatenherfriendwithviolenceStanfordUniversityresearchershavedevelopedadevicecalledanatureinspiredaerialgrasperorSNAGwhichcanbeattachedtoaquadcopterdrone四轴无人机togiveitfeetandlegslikethoseofaneagleWhenequippedwiththedevicethedroneisabletoflyaroundcatchingandcarryingobjectsandperching栖息onvarioussurfacesaccordingtoaStanfordnewsreleasedatedDec12021describingtheworkButcopyingtheflexibilityofbirdswasnteasytodoTheresearchersshotvideosofsmallparrotsflyingbackandforthbetweenspecialperchesthatcontainedsensorstomeasurethephysicalforcesoflandingperchingandtakeoffWhatsurpriseduswasthattheydidthesameaerialmilitaryexercisenomatterwhatsurfacestheywerelandingononeoftheresearchersWilliamRoderickexplainedinthenewsreleaseTheyletthefeethandlethevariabilityandcomplexityofthesurfacetextureitselfhesaidGivingadronesimilarabilitiesrequiredtechnologicalfeatSNAGhasa3DprintedstructurethatimitatesaneagleslightweightbonesandeachofitslegsisequippedwithamotorformovingbackandforthandasecondoneforgraspingMechanismsintherobotslegsaredesignedtoabsorbimpactenergyandpassivelychangeitintograspingforcethewaythatabirdsmuscleswouldAsaresultadroneequippedwiththedevicecangraspsomethingstronglyinjust20millisecondsOncetherobotsfeetarewrappedaroundaperchitsankleslockandanaccelerometeradevicethatmeasuresvibrationdetectsthelandingandactivatesabalancingalgorithm算法tostabilizeitontheperchElsewhereresearchersatotherinstitutionsalsohavebeenworkingforyearsongivingdronestheabilitytolandandhangontosomethingAsthis2019SmithsonianarticleexplainsbeingabletolandinvariousplaceshelpsdronestoconserveenergythatwouldexpendbyhavingtoremainintheairThatsimportantbecausetheflighttimeofroboticaircraftsislimitedbytheirbatterypower5WhatinspiredtheSNAGsdevelopmentAThewayparrotsperchBThemilitaryexerciseCThe3DprintedtechnologyDTheeagleslightweightbones6WhatmakesthedronesgrabbingsomethingstronglysoquicklypossibleAThepowerfulbatteryBTheirabilitytoimitateparrotstakingoffCTheapplicationofadvancedflyingtechniquesDThemechanicaldevicesmodelingabirdsmuscles7WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphAFlighttimeisnotvitaltothedronesBAfter2019researchersquiteffortstoimproveflighttimeCFlighttimehasbeenaproblembeforethisstudyDResearchingtheabilitytolandandhangontosomethingismeaningless8WhatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetextADronesanapplicationtothemilitaryBRoboticdronesreallylikebirdsCRoboticdronesacomparisonofbirdsDQuadcopterdronesadvancedtechnologyAnewstudysuggeststhatcropinsuranceservesasadisincentive抑制因素forfarmerstoadoptclimatechangereliefmeasuresontheircroplandsThestudybyresearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityexaminedtheinteractionsofwarmertemperaturescropyield产量riskandcropinsuranceparticipationbyfarmersForthestudyresearchersdevelopedmodelsusinghistoricalcountylevelcornandsoybeanyielddataintheUnitedStateswithaneyetowardunderstandingtheproductionimpactsofrisingtemperaturesTheresearchersfoundthatvariationincropyieldduetohighertemperaturesrosewhenmorefarmershadcropinsuranceInterestinglytheresultsshowedgreatervariabilityeffectsforcornyieldsthanforsoybeanyieldsThiscouldbeanunintendedconsequenceofthegovernmentsprovidingsubsidiesforcropinsurancewhichcostsalargesumofmoneysaidRodMRejesusprofessorofagriculturalandresourceeconomicsatNCStateandtheauthoroftheresearchstudyTheconceptofmoralcrisiscouldbepresenthereIfinsurancewillcovercroplossesduetovariouseffectslikedroughtorsevereweatherafarmermaynotwanttopaytheextraexpenseforclimatechangeadaptationeffortssuchasusingcovercropstoimprovesoilhealthforexampleThestudymodelsindicatethatanincreaseofdailyminimumandmaximumtemperaturesof1degreeCelsiuswouldincreasecountylevelcornyieldvariabilityby86bushels1bushelequalsto3524Lperacreif80offarmersinacountyhavecropinsuranceThesametemperatureriseinacountywith10cropinsuranceparticipationwouldincreasecornyieldvariabilitybyjust62bushelsperacreTheresearchersbringuppossiblesolutionstothissituationforpolicymakersTheyincludeprovidingmoresubsidiestoencouragefarmersuseofclimatechangereliefeffortslikesoilhealthpracticesandstartinghighlevelpolicyconversationsabouthowtopossiblyadjustrulesandguidelinesthatgoverncropinsurancecontractsinordertoreducethedisincentiveeffects9WhatdoesthestudyfindaboutcropinsuranceAItensurescropproductionBItleadstounexpectedsideeffectsCItresultsinworseclimatechangeDItdoesntbringanybenefitstofarmers10Whatdoestheunderlinedwordsubsidiesinparagraph4meanAMarketsupportBVerbalsupportCTechnicalassistanceDFinancialaid11WhatmightexplaintheunintendedconsequenceofcropinsuranceAMoralcrisisBLawissueCStudymodelsDCustomchange12HowdidtheauthorshowtheeffectsofcropinsuranceoncornyieldvariabilityABydoingexperimentsBBymakingacomparisonCBylistingfiguresDByconsultingexpertsImaginethatyoutakeawalkaroundyouryardornearbyparkandimmediatelythesoundsofaninsectbandsurroundyouProducedbythemuscularmovementsofinsectscalledtreehopper角蝉thisimaginedsoundscapecomesfromvibrations共鸣振动thatflowacrossthesurfaceofplantsButitisnotatalllikethefamiliarvocalizationsofcrickets蟋蟀insteaditssomethingrichermorevariedSomesoundsaresonglikeothersaresimilartothenoisesofmachinesormusicalinstrumentsThenoisemadefromevenasingleplantmaybeasnoisyasabusystreetInAnImmenseWorldHowAnimalSensesRevealtheHiddenRealmsAroundUsPulitzerprizewinningsciencejournalistEdYongexplainsthatonarealwalkinsteadofthisoneweveimaginedhumanswouldnotbeabletohearthetreehoppersmusicwithoutspecialequipmentInthecompanyofscientistswithalaservibrometer振动计adevicethatchangesthetreehoppervibrationsintosoundsaudibletohumanearsYonggetstoheartheminthewildandinthelaboratoryHeisshockedbytheattractivesoundsInthisbookthatfollowsonfrom2018sIContainMultitudesYongwritesinaperfectbalanceofscientificseverityandpersonalaweasheinvitesreaderstograspsomethingofhowotheranimalsexperiencetheworldCommunicatingthroughsurfacevibrationsisarathercoolexamplethatextendsbeyondtreehopperstoelephantsandspidersandtothisfactaboutfrogsAttunedtovibrationsenteringtheeggsfroghatchesquicklyifasnakeshowsupwithahardbitebutignorerainwindfootstepsandevenanearthquakeMyadmirationforthebookiswellimmenseLikemanythousandsofotherpeopleIhavereliedthroughoutthecourseofCOVID19onYongsreportingatTheAtlanticashecrackedopenthefastchangingworldofpandemicscienceNowwithAnImmenseWorldYongbringsintobeautifulfocusahostofotheranimalsensoryworldsthatcoexistwithoursandhowwemayprotectthem13Howdoesthesoundscapecomeaboutaccordingtoparagraph1AItcomesfromhumansmusclesBItarisesfromthevocalizationsofcricketsCItcomesfromanimaginableworldDItarisesfromvibrationsflowingacrossthesurfaceofplants14WhycanYonghearthetreehoppersmusicABecauseofalaserdeviceBBecauseofthesurfaceofplantsCBecauseofthenatureoftheinsectsDBecauseofthespecialimaginableenvironment15WhatcanwelearnaboutAnImmenseWorldAItappealstoallkindsofpeoplesBItisaimedatprotectingtheanimalsCItisscheduledtobepublishednextyearDItdescribesavirtualworldfullofanimals16WhatisthetextAAnewsreportBAhistoricalnovelCAbookreviewDApersonalbiographySicilianRougeHighGABAisaspecialtypeoftomatodesignedtocontainhighlevelsofgammaaminobutyricacidGABA氨基丁酸anaminoacidbelievedtoaidrelaxationandhelplowerbloodpressureTokyobasedstartupSanatechSeedCompanyteamedupwithscientistsattheUniversityofTsukubatodevelopanewvarietyoftomatoesusingCRISPRCas9geneeditingtechnologyNamedSicilianRougeHighGABAthisnewtypeoftomatocontainsfivetosixtimesthenormallevelofatypeofaminoacidcalledgammaaminobutyricacidorGABAAccordingtoJapanesemediathecompanyremovedaninhibitorydomain抑制域withinthetomatosgenometoenableittoproducethesehighlevelsofGABAAccordingtoShimpeiTakeshitaPresidentofSanatechSeedandChiefInnovationOfficerofPioneerEcoSciencetheexclusivedistributorofthetomatothecompanywasgivenpermissiontocommercializethegeneticallychangedSicilianRougeHighGABAvarietylastDecemberandcontractfarmerswhohavebeengrowingthemeversinceNowthetomatoesarereadytohitstoreshelvesAtfirstwegotmixedreactionstogenomeeditedfoodsandwethoughtitwouldbedifficulttobringthemtomarketastheyrenotfullyunderstoodbyconsumersTatsuoTakeshitachairofSanatechSeedtoldNHKButthetomatoesearnedagoodnamefromthosewhotookpartinthetrialsAJapanesehealthministrycommitteegaveSanatechSeedpermissiontocommercializethenewtomatovarietyTheyprovidednotificationandthestartupplanstoshipeachpackageoftomatoeswithastickerthatsaysimprovedusinggenomeeditingtechnologyUnlikegeneticallymodifiedfoodsgenomeeditedplantvarietiesareconsideredjustassafeasvarietiesimprovedusingtraditionalmethodsbecausenooutsidegeneisintroducedduringtheprocessSanatechSeedhasalreadystartedacceptingonlineordersforSicilianRougeHighGABAtomatoesA3kilogramboxoftomatoeswillreportedlycost7500yenThatsalotofmoneyfortomatoes17WhatdoweknowaboutSicilianRougeHighGABAAItisbeneficialtoourhealthBItcanpromotetomatoesoutputCItcontainshighlevelofnutritionDItcanmakepeopleenergetic18WhopermittedthenewtomatoesintothemarketAPresidentoftheSanatechSeedCompanyBTheUniversityofTsukubaTokyoCAJapanesehealthministrycommitteeDChairofTatsuoTakeshitaCompany19HowisthegenomeeditedplantregardedAHarmfulBEasyCTraditionalDSecure20WhatisthewritersattitudetoSicilianRougeHighGABAACuriousBSubjectiveCDissatisfiedDObjectiveTherearemanydifferenttypesofhousesintheUKYoumayseedetachedsemidetachedterracedhousesorevenendofterracehousesonatypicalstreetYoumightseeapartmentsinwealthierpartsoftownorpeoplelivinginbungalowspreferringtolivealifewithoutstairsStrangecottagesmaydotthecountrysidewhileheadingtothecitiesyoucouldseeanynumberoftypesofflatsincludinghousesturnedintoflatsstudiosandduplexesButonethingyouwillnoticeisthatmanyhousescomefromdifferenterasandaskingaBritishpersonabouttheiridealhomemanyofthemwillhaveaspecificperiodpropertyinmindForsomeitcouldbeVictorianhouseswhichareoftenseenwithbaywindowshighceilingsstainedglassdoorsandcoloredbrickworkDuringtheVictorianeraahugenumberofhousesparticularlyterracedwerebuiltintownsandcitiestoaccommodatevastnumbersofworkerswhoweremovingfrommoreruralareasGeorgianarchitecturereferstohousesbuiltduringtheperiodof1714and1830duringtherulesoffourBritishmonarchsUsuallyhouseswiththisarchitecturalstylehaveamoresymmetricalthemebothinternallyandexternallywithasmallsquaregardeninfrontForthosenotintoolderpropertiesnewbuildsfromthe1990sonwardsofferbetterinsulationagainstthecoldandnewerelectricsAndthosewhopreferlessrepairscouldalwaysgowiththeopenplanorminimalistlookofthemodemeraSowhetheritshighceilingsbetterinsulationbrickworkbungalowsorsquaregardenspeopleinBritainhaveawidevarietyofpreferenceswhenitcomestowheretheyliveAndtheiridealhomemayjustsimplybeacaseofwhatstylefeelslikehome21WhatdotheVictorianhouseshaveAAsmallsquaregardeninfrontBHighceilingsandcoloredbrickworkCAmoresymmetricalthemethananyothereraDBrokenwindowsandstainlessdoors22WhydoestheauthormentionVictorianandGeorgianhousesATodisplaythewisdomofthearchitectsBTointroducetheoriginofthemCToattractpeoplefondofBritishhousesDToshowthediversityofBritishhouses23WhatcanwelearnfromthetextAThepreferenceofBritishforthehousesBThehistoryoftheGeorgianhousesCThehousestructuresofBritainDThefinesceneryinBritain24WhatwilltheauthorprobablytalkaboutnextAIdealBritishhomeBTerracedhousesCGeorgianhousesDSquareandgardensTheresearchisclearthatusableknowledgethatislearningthatcanbetransferredtonewsituationsonlyoccurswhenindividualsareactivelymakingsenseoftheworldScienceandEngineeringforGrades612InvestigationandDesignattheCenterp57Oneoftherecentinnovations创新inscienceandengineeringeducationisthecentralfocusonhavingstudentsfigureoutpuzzlingphenomenaandsolvingrealworldproblemsThisideabuildsondecadesofresearchonhowpeoplelearnandshiftsthefocusfromlearningaboutasciencetopicortheengineeringdesignprocesstofiguringouthowtoexplainaphenomenontheyseeorsolvingaproblemWiththisfocusstudentslearnideasandskillsbecausetheyrealizetheyaremissingsomeknowledgeorskillthatwouldallowthemtoanswertheirownquestionstosatisfytheircuriosityStudentsengagementintheirownlearningisastrongpredictoroftheirachievementandteachersoftenreportthatitisachallengetoengagestudentsinlearningwhentheyarenotfacetofaceinaclassroomHoweverbycenteringstudentsexperienceonfiguringsomethingoutthattheyaregenuinelycuriousaboutscienceandengineeringlearningcanbecomethemostengagingpartofastudentsdayeveninremotelearningenvironmentsAphenomenonandproblemcenteredfocusprovidesopportunitiestoconnectlearningmorecloselytostudentsownlivesandthereforetomakeitmorerelevanttothemwhentheyareathomeIfstudentsexploreaphenomenonorproblemthattheyseeintheirownhomeneighborhoodorcommunitytheycanmoreeasilyapplythelearninginotheraspectsoftheirlives25WhyisthequotationputatthebeginningofthetextATopopularizetheideaofabookBToleadintheauthorsconceptCToarousethereadersinterestDTointroducethebackground26HowwillstudentsbenefitfromtheinnovationinscienceandengineeringeducationATheywillbecomemorecuriousBTheywillbecomethecenterofthecourseCTheywillbemotivatedtolearnDTheywillhavebetterlearningenvironmentThe202122ndHainanIslandCarnivalkickedoffinHaikoucapitalcityofHainanprovinceonDec10th2021ZhangXuChineseviceministerofCultureandTourismsaidinhisspeechthattheMinistryofCultureandTourismwillcontinuetosupportHainanincomprehensivelydeepeningreformandopeningupsupportHainansaimtobecomeaninternationaltourismconsumptioncenterandprovideassistancefortheconstructionofHainanFreeTradePortThefestivaljointlyorganizedbytheMinistryofCultureandTourismandthePeoplesGovernmentofHainanprovincehasbecomeavitalplatforminthepast20yearsforHainantostrengthencooperationandexchangesinthefieldsoftourismcultureandsportswiththeworldThissessionofHainanIslandCarnivaldigsdeepintoallthepossiblejoyfulelementsandfullydisplaystherichanduniquetourismandculturalresourcesofHainansoastoengagebothtouristsandresidentstoactivelyparticipateandinteractinbuildingHainanIslandwhichhasentereditspeaktourismseasonintoajoyfuldestinationforvisitorsaroundtheworldApartfromtheopeningceremonyaseriesofexcitingactivitiesarescheduledtobeheldduringthefestivalincluding2021HainanWorldLeisureTourismExpo2021HainanInternationalTourismandFoodExpothesecondHainanInternationalTourismEquipmentExpothesecondHainanWorldCultureWeekandthefourthChinaASEANUniversityStudentCultureWeekHaikouistheeventsmainvenue主会场whilefiveothercitiesnamelySanyaDanzhouQionghaiWanningandWenchangwillserveassupportingvenuesinwhichconferencesandexhibitionscultureandartsportsandcompetitionsandpromotionalactivitieswillbestagedtoenrichpeoplesvisitingexperienceIntermsoftourismresourcesofattractivescenicspotsruraltourismshoppingtourismarefullyincludedseventhematic主题的tourismroutesincludingshoppingruraltourismhealthtourismredtourismconferenceandexhibitionresearchandstudyoceanictourismwillbelaunchedtoattractmorevisitorstotraveltoHainanwhichwillstimulate刺激tourismconsumptionandhelptheconstructionofaninternationaltourismconsumptioncenter27WhatdoestheunderlinedphrasekickedoffprobablymeanAstruckBendedCdeclaredDstarted28WhatcanweknowabouttheCarnivalAWecanenjoyavarietyofactivitiesBItisorganizedbySanyagovernmentCItisheldonlyintheCapitalcityHaikouDWecanvisitmorethan20platforms29WhatisthepurposeofthelastparagraphATosuggestwhatpeopleshoulddoafteritBToshowthepotentialeffectsofthecarnivalCToprovetouswhytheyholdthecarnivalDTointroducehowtheydevelopshoppingtourism30WhatwillHainanbeinthefutureAAmainvenueofthecarnivalBAnimportantplatformCAfreetradeportinChinaDAuniversitystudentcenterWhenyouwereatschoolwereyouevertoldtostopdaydreamingandconcentrateItwaseasyforyourmindtowanderifyouwerentinterestedinwhatyouwerelearningorifyouhadbetterthingstothinkaboutStayingfocusedcanstillbeachallengeinadultlifebutunderstandinghowtodoitandknowingwhatisdistractingyoucanhelpScientistshavelookedatwhatmakesusdelayandfoundanumberofwaystohelpusstayinthezoneOneofthemostobviousthingsisremovingnoiseResearchbyScienceFocusmagazinefoundsilenceisbestforconcentrationoragentlebackgroundhumandcoffeeshopnoiseisgreatItalsofoundturningoffnotificationsonyourphoneorswitchingitoffaltogetherremovesamajordistractionandhelpsusfocusonthetaskathandAnotherpossiblecureforashortattentionspanisbraintrainingPsychologistsandneuroscientistsareincreasinglyinterestedinourabilitytogetdowntoitandhavelookedatwhatwecanchangeinsideourheadtomakeusconcentrateAnarticleforBBCFuturebyCarolineWilliamssaysthatAttentionResearcherNilliLavieofUniversityCollegeLondonhasfoundthatmakingataskmorevisuallydemandingtakesupmoreprocessingpowerandleavesthebrainnothinglefttoprocessdistractionsSokeepingyourmindbusymightbetheanswerTherearemorepracticaltipstokeepingyourmindfocusedTheseincludemakingalistortimetableofthetasksyouhavetodofindingaworkspacewhereyourenottemptedtodootherthingsorchewingsomegumItspossiblethatthemovementinyourmouthoccupiespartsofthebrainthatmightotherwisegetdistractedButaccordingtoScienceFocusmagazinedistractionisntallbadIfwewerealwayssofocusedthatwenevergotdistractedwedmisspotentialchangessuchasthreatsinourenvironmentDistractionisvitalforsurvival31WhichofthefollowingdistractspeopleeasilyaccordingtothescientistsATaskBScienceCZoneDNoise32WhatdoweknowaccordingtoCarolineWilliamsAAttentionispaidtohisarticlesBDistractionisnoteasytosettleCChallengingtasksmakepeopleconcentrateDAnoisybackgroundhelpscuredistraction33WhatisthewritersattitudetowarddistractionADissatisfiedBObjectiveCSubjectiveDCurious34WhatdoesthetextmainlytalkaboutADealingwithdistractionBWaysdistractingpeopleCThingsinterestingpeopleDLearningskillsManypeoplethinkthatyouneedtotravelgreatdistancesandgoonexpensivetripstocreatebeautifulphotosIfyouconsidermacrophotographywhichiscapturing捕捉tinydetailsanentirelynewworldmayopenforyourightinyourownbackyardThisiswhatIdecidedtodotochallengemyselfrecentlyIchosearelativelysmallareainmyneighborhoodtorevisitoveracoupleofdaysbuttheonlyrulesIgavemyselfwerenottophotographanythingabovethekneesUsinga50mmmacrolens微距镜头onatraditionalDSLRcameraIwalkedaroundlookingfordifferentopportunitiesIalsooftenusetwoextension伸缩tubeswhichhelpmegeteverclosertomysubjectmatterandincreasethemagnification放大率IntheeveninglightthehighcontrasthelpsyouseesmallthingslikejumpinggrasshoppersorotherinsectsflyingaroundbutduringthedayitcanbemorechallengingTofindgoodsubjectmatterIliketocrawl爬aroundandlookattheworldfromalizardorsnakespointofviewItaddssignificantlymoredramaimprovestheimageItalsohasthepowertotransformabeautifulsubjectintoabeautifulpieceofartIreallyalsopayattentiontothebackgroundelementsnotjustthesubjectmatterespeciallywithwildflowersHowinfocusthebackgroundisorhowoutoffocusitiscanchangeanimageIliketoshootwithafullyblurred模糊的backgroundcalledbokehthoughsometimesincreasingdepthoffieldandnothavingtotalblurrinesscanbebeneficialtothecompositiontooYoualsodontneedaspecialcamerasetuptodothisUsingasmartphoneyoucaneasilyusetoolslikeportraitmodetohelpblurthebackgroundSomeappsalsoallowforagreaterlevelofcontrolwithdepthoffieldandcloseupphotographyItslessaboutthecamerayouuseandmoreallabouthowyouuseit35WhatmakesasplendidcompositionATakinganexpensivetripBCapturingthedetailsoflifeCShootinganythingabovethekneesDLookingatabeautifulsubject36WhatisthesecondparagraphmainlyaboutAAtraditionalDSLRcameraBThewaysofmacroshootingCShootingdownatsubjectsDInsectsflyingaround37WhatdoesthisrefertointhelastparagraphAbackgroundBportraitCbokehDcamera38WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassageAMyNeighborhoodBTheBackyardCCrouchingdownYourselfDMacroPhotographyBiologicalagemighthelpdetermineyourqualityoflifeasyougetoldersinceyourcellsandorganshaveagesvaryingfromyourregularageManyagingresearchscientistsbelievethatknowingyourbiologicalagecouldhelpyoupostponeoravoidagerelatedillnessesandbetterpredictanindividualslifespan寿命OtherscientistsarguethattheresnostandardwaytomeasurebiologicalageAtthecenterofthedebatearehopesthatpeoplecanextendtheirlivesbychangingtheirbehaviorsSinceeverybodysgenes基因aredifferenttrackingyourbiologicalagecouldhelpdetermineyourmosthelpfulhabitsandcustomizethemPeoplealsocanattempttolowertheirbiologicalagethroughwaysofeffectivelymanagingstressDrSinclairatHarvardisdevelopingabiologicalagetestbasedonchemicalchangesonDNAHeplanstolaunchitwithanewcompanycalledTallyHealthThoughcriticizedbyotherscientistsforhypingtheresultsofsomeofhisfindingsforhisbusinesshesaysthathedoesntoverstatehisresearchfindingsInsideTrackerapersonalizednutritioncompanyfoundedbyscientistscalculatesbiologicalagebyhavinguserstakebloodtestsandanalyzingthesamplesformarksofdiseasesThosewhotestasolderthantheiryearsgetrecommendationstoadjustdietexerciseandmedicineManyotherhealthstartupsareofferingtestingthatclaimstocalculatebiologicalagesometimeswithlittlescientificbackinganddesigningmedicineaimedatboostingyouthfulnessStephenRoberttestedhimselfearlierthisyearwithanathomebloodtestasanefforttoimprovehishealthatage51IdrinkandsmokehesayssoheexpectedhisbiologicalagetobealotolderthanhiscalendarageHesayshewasshockedwhentestresultsreportedhisbiologicalagewas24GordanLaucprofessorofbiochemistryandchiefscientificofficerofGlycanAgesaystheresultsmakesensegivenMrRobertsgeneticslongevityrunsinhisfamilyandlifestylewhichislikelylessstressful39WhatcanpeopledoafterknowingtheirbiologicalagesAImprovetheircalendaragestopreventdiseasesBDeterminewaystoeffectivelymanagestressCGetpersonalizednutritionplantoimprovehealthDLengthentheirlivesbychangingtheirconduct40WhydidsomescientistscriticizeDrSinclairAHeoverstatedhisfindingstomakeaprofitBHisscientificresearchwasfarfrommatureCHiscompanyletoutpeoplesbiologicalageDBiologicalagetestdidharmtopeopleshealth41WhataccountsforStephensyoungbiologicalageaccordingtoGordanAHemanagesstressinlifesuccessfullyBHehadgoodnutritionathischildhoodCHisfamilyhasalonglifetraditionDHehasimprovedhisbiologicallife42WhichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextAUnderstandYourCalendarLifeandStayHealthyBMeetYourBiologicalAgeandExtendYourLifeCImproveYourBiologicalAgewithGoodHabitsDEmployBiologicalTechnologytoStartBusinessSeveraldaysagoSpanishfashionbrandZarasparkedafiercedebateafterreleasingitslatestcampaignfeaturingaChinesemodelwithfreckles雀斑ActuallytherearesomedifferentbeautystandardsbetweentheEastandtheWestInEastAsiafrecklesmightbeconsideredadestructiveweaknessforcelebritiesespeciallyactorsorsingersAlthoughnormalpeopledontcarethatmuchsubconsciouslytheymightpreferacleanfaceGenerallyspeakingfrecklesaremorelikelytoappearifpeopleareoutinthesunfrequentlyandmostEastAsianwomenavoidthesunasbesttheycanHavingfrecklesinsteadisatrademarkforunconventionalbeautyintheWesternworldandsomecallfrecklesangelkissesFormostwesternershavingfrecklesisnolongerjustsomethingyouhavetolivewithinsteaditissomethingtobedesiredAfterallnoteveryoneisluckyenoughtohavefrecklesWhenitcomestoeyeshapesitseemsWesternandChinesebeautystandardsdontseeeyetoeyeManyChinesethinkgirlswithbigeyesarethemostbeautifulIftheireyeshaveadoublefoldeyelidthatisconsideredperfectHowevermostforeignersseemtopreferChinesegirlswithslanted斜的andnarroweyesandeyebrowsChineseknownmodelLyvYanisoftenconsideredthecountrysmostbeautifulbyforeignerswhilequiteafewChinesepeoplethinkherappearancedoesntfitwithtraditionalbeautystandardsYounggirlyfeatureorhotandmaturefeatureZhaoLiyingfromChinaAragakiYuifromJapanandLimYoonAfromSouthKoreaenjoyhighpopularityinAsiaastheyboastbrightfaceswithwarmsmileswhichwinthemlotsofmalefansThethreeyoungcelebritiesrepresentAsiasbeautystandardswomenwithcutegirlyfeaturesMostwomeninAsiatrytheirbesttostayyoungaccordinglyUnlikeChinesegirlsWesterngirlsthinkamorematurelookshowsindependenceanduniquenessThesuperheroWonderWomanisanidealtypeformostAstiescontinuetogrowbetweenChinaandtheWestitisunavoidablethatthesebeautystandardsdevelopButonethingsforsurenomatterhowyoulookyouarewhoyouareandthatshouldbesatisfactionenough43WhatdomostwesternpeoplethinkofhavingfrecklesAItissomethingunbearableBItisadestructiveweaknessCItissomethingtowishforDItisasymboloftraditionalbeauty44WhatdotheunderlinedwordsseeeyetoeyemeaninParagraph4AHavethesameopinionBRecognizetheirstrengthsCMisunderstandeachotherDArgueagainstoneanother45WhydowesterngirlsprefertoappearmatureATheythinkthisbeautystandardisbetterBTheywanttolookindependentanduniqueCTheyhopetohavehighpopularityinAsiaDTheyadmireWonderWomanverymuch46WhatdoesthetextmainlytalkaboutAWhatZarasbeautystandardisBWhyChinesepeopledontlikefrecklesCWhatcausesthedifferentbeautystandardsDHoweasternersandwesternersthinkofbeautyTherearemanysourcesofdebateonalongroadtripincludingrouteselectionthechoiceofsnacksandprobablymostimportantlywhattoplayontheradioFindingawayforallpartiestolistentotheirownaudiowithouttheneedforheadphoneshasbeenagoalofcarmakersfordecadesandscientistsmayhavefinallymanageditAteamfromtheUniversityofLeMansinFrancecarefullypositionedmicrophonesspeakersandfilters过滤器tocreatepersonalisedsoundzonesPSZsinsideacarandthesmallregionsarewheresoundfromasetofspeakerscanbeheardclearlyOutsidetheseitcannotbeheardOnebarrierwhichscientistshavepreviouslybeenunabletoovercomewastheimpactofmovingonesseatTheywereabletoformaPSZbutunabletomoveittofollowapersoniftheymovedtheseatforwardsorbackwardsTheFrenchteamcreatedanewalgorithm算法specificallytotacklethisissuewhichhandlesthesoundwavestocreatebrightanddarkzonesinthecarLoudspeakersareplacedintheheadrestsandspecificfiltersforeachtransducer换能器arecalculatedtoreproduceasoundsignalthatmaintainsgoodqualityinthezoneunderconsiderationandisstronglyweakenedinotherzonessaidDrLucasVindrolatheauthorofthestudyThekeytothetechniqueworkingproperlyishavingsufficientmicrophonesplacedaroundthecartodetecthowmanypeopleareinthecarandwheretheyaresittingThepricetopayistohavecontrolmicrophonesinthepassengersectionsothatthealgorithmcanworkHoweverthetechniqueisnotyetreadytobecommerciallyrolledoutasaluxuriousoptionalextrajustyetasitcurrentlyworksonlyforalimitedrangeoffrequencies47WhatwasonceachallengeforscientistsAPSZscouldhardlybeformedBThesoundofmovingaseatisloudCTheycouldntcreatemovablePSZsDTheseatscouldntbemovedbackandforth48WhatisParagraph4mainlyaboutAHowtheimpactofmovingonesseatwasaddressedBWhyenoughmicrophonesareplacedaroundthecarCWhenthealgorithmcanworkwellforallpassengersDWherebrightanddarkzonesarecreatedinthecar49WhatcanweinferaboutthenewtechniqueAItcurrentlyworkswithoutlimitationBIthasbeenputintousecommerciallyCItcanfunctionwellwithenoughmicrophonesDItiscostlytodetectthepositionofmicrophones50WhatisthemainpurposeofthepassageATolaunchanewdebateBTotackleanoldproblemCToadvertiseanalgorithmDTointroduceanewtechnology参考答案1C2A3D4B解析导语本篇为说明文本文是对于校园隐形欺凌现象剖析及采取的应对措施1推理判断题从第一段Ifyouthoughtteenagebullyingwasaboutsomeonesbagbeingthrownonthescienceblockrooformalicious恶意的exchangesonSnapchatthenyouneedtomeetanincreasingnumberofgirlsareaskingforhelpwithhiddenformsofbullyingoftenwithinfriendshipgroups如果你认为青少年欺凌是指某人的包被扔在科学楼屋顶上或者Snapchat上的恶意交流那么你需要认识一下越来越多的女孩正在寻求帮助解决隐藏形式的欺凌通常是在朋友圈内可知如果你的思维还停留在青少年欺凌表现为肢体暴力或言语暴力你需要了解朋友圈里的隐形欺凌可推理出青少年欺凌呈现不同形式故选C2词义猜测题从第四段前两句TypicallybeinginatoxicfriendshipcanwearonagirlsselfesteemShewillfollowtheothersadviceondietanddressingandappearstobeforgoingherownambitionstopleaseherfriend通常情况下处于一段有毒的友谊会损害一个女孩的自尊她会听从对方在饮食和穿衣方面的建议为了取悦她的朋友她似乎forgoing了自己的抱负可知这种毒友谊会损害受害者自信她会听从朋友饮食和着装意见似乎为了取悦朋友而放弃自己的抱负故划线词的意思是放弃故选A3推理判断题从第五段whenagirlsharessomethingdifficultthatshappeningtoherandthefriendrespondswithOheveryonegoesthroughthatessentiallytryingtobelittlethem当一个女孩分享遇到的困难时朋友轻描淡写地说每个人都经历这些本质上是在贬低她们可知D选项哦是吗嗯更糟糕的事情发生在我身上是topping这个例子之一故选D4细节理解题从倒数第二段最后一句Advisethemtotalktotheirfriendsinaneutralspacepreferablyadayafteranincident建议他们在一个中立的空间和朋友交谈最好是在事件发生后的第二天以及最后一段Whenconfrontingtheirfriendstheyshouldconfine限制ittotheirexperienceIfeellikethisratherthanmakingaccusationsYoudidthis当面对朋友时他们应该把话题局限在自己的经历上我觉得这样而不是指责是你干的可知对于一段艰难的友谊建议女孩和她的朋友谈谈故选B5A6D7C8B解析导语这是一篇说明文主要介绍了斯坦福大学的研究人员开发了一种名为自然灵感空中抓取器的设备配备该设备后无人机能够四处飞行捕捉和携带物体并在各种表面栖息5细节理解题根据第二段的最后一句话Theresearchersshotvideosofsmallparrotsflyingbackandforthbetweenspecialperchesthatcontainedsensorstomeasurethephysicalforcesoflandingperchingandtakeoff研究人员拍摄了小鹦鹉在特殊群体之间来回飞行的视频这些群体包含传感器用于测量着陆栖息和起飞的物理力可知据研究人员是受到了鹦鹉的启发故选A项6细节理解题根据第五段的第一二句话MechanismsintherobotslegsaredesignedtoabsorbimpactenergyandpassivelychangeitintograspingforcethewaythatabirdsmuscleswouldAsaresultadroneequippedwiththedevicecangraspsomethingstronglyinjust20milliseconds机器人腿上的机械装置被设计成吸收冲击能量并被动地将其转化为抓取力就像鸟类的肌肉那样因此配备该设备的无人机可以在20毫秒内强有力地抓住东西可知配备该设备的无人机能快速强有力的抓住物体是因为机器人腿上的机械装置被设计得像鸟类的肌肉那样故选D项7推理判断题通读最后一段的最后两句Asthis2019SmithsonianarticleexplainsbeingabletolandinvariousplaceshelpsdronestoconserveenergythatwouldexpendbyhavingtoremainintheairThatsimportantbecausetheflighttimeofroboticaircraftsislimitedbytheirbatterypower正如2019年史密森尼学会的一篇文章所解释的那样能够在不同的地方降落有助于节省由于必须留在空中而消耗的能量这一点很重要因为机器人飞机的飞行时间受到电池电量的限制可知而这项发明帮助机器人飞机节省由于必须留在空中而消耗的能量从而解决此前机器人飞机的飞行时间受到电池电量的限制的问题故选C项8主旨大意题通读全文尤其是第一段中StanfordUniversityresearchershavedevelopedadevicecalledanatureinspiredaerialgrasperorSNAGwhichcanbeattachedtoaquadcopterdrone四轴无人机togiveitfeetandlegslikethoseofaneagle斯坦福大学的研究人员开发了一种名为自然灵感空中抓取器的设备它可以被连接到四轴飞行器无人机上使其拥有像鹰一样的脚和腿第四段中SNAGhasa3Dprintedstructurethatimitatesaneagleslightweightbones自然灵感空中抓取器有一个三维打印结构模仿老鹰轻量级的骨头和第五段Mechanismsintherobotslegsaredesignedtoabsorbimpactenergyandpassivelychangeitintograspingforcethewaythatabirdsmuscleswould机器人腿上的机械装置被设计成吸收冲击能量并被动地将其转化为抓取力就像鸟类的肌肉那样可知机器人飞机灵感来自于鸟拥有像鹰一样的脚和腿并且模仿了鸟类的肌肉故机器人飞机真的很像鸟故选B项9B10D11A12C解析导语本文是说明文一项新的研究表明农作物保险可能会让农民在农田里不积极采取气候变化缓解措施详解9细节理解题根据第一段Anewstudysuggeststhatcropinsuranceservesasadisincentive抑制因素forfarmerstoadoptclimatechangereliefmeasuresontheircroplands一项新的研究表明农作物保险阻碍了农民在他们的农田上采取气候变化救济措施和第四段Ifinsurancewillcovercroplossesduetovariouseffectslikedroughtorsevereweatherafarmermaynotwanttopaytheextraexpenseforclimatechangeadaptationeffortssuchasusingcovercropstoimprovesoilhealthforexample如果保险将涵盖因干旱或恶劣天气等各种影响而造成的作物损失农民可能不想为适应气候变化的努力支付额外的费用例如使用覆盖作物改善土壤健康可知农作物保险带来了一个预料之外的后果因为有了保险覆盖他们的损失所以农民不愿意额外花钱采取气候变化缓解措施以应对极端天气故选B10词义猜测题根据Thiscouldbeanunintendedconsequenceofthegovernmentsprovidingsubsidiesforcropinsurancewhichcostsalargesumofmoney这可能是政府为农作物保险提供subsidies的意外后果这需要花费一大笔钱后面的money可知此处应该是指政府在经济方面的补助故选D11细节理解题根据第四段TheconceptofmoralcrisiscouldbepresenthereIfinsurancewillcovercroplossesduetovariouseffectslikedroughtorsevereweatherafarmermaynotwanttopaytheextraexpenseforclimatechangeadaptationeffortssuchasusingcovercropstoimprovesoilhealthforexample道德危机的概念可能会解释这个问题的出现如果保险将涵盖由于干旱或恶劣天气等各种影响造成的作物损失农民可能会不想支付额外的费用例如使用覆盖作物改善土壤健康状况可知道德危机也许能解释农作物保险的意外后果故选A12推理判断题根据第五段Thestudymodelsindicatethatanincreaseofdailyminimumandmaximumtemperaturesof1degreeCelsiuswouldincreasecountylevelcornyieldvariabilityby86bushels1bushelequalsto3524Lperacreif80offarmersinacountyhavecropinsuranceThesametemperatureriseinacountywith10cropinsuranceparticipationwouldincreasecornyieldvariabilitybyjust62bushelsperacre研究模型表明如果一个县80的农民有作物保险每日最低和最高温度升高1摄氏度将使该县的玉米产量变异性每英亩增加86蒲式耳1蒲式耳等于3524升在一个有10作物保险参与的县同样的温度升高只会使玉米产量变异性每英亩增加62蒲式耳可知作者列出数据来说明农作物保险对玉米产量变异性的影响故选C13D14A15B16C解析导语本文是说明文文章是一篇书评介绍并评价了普利策奖得主科学记者EdYong的书籍AnImmenseWorld13细节理解题根据第一段的Producedbythemuscularmovementsofinsectscalledtreehopper角蝉thisimaginedsoundscapecomesfromvibrations共鸣振动thatflowacrossthesurfaceofplants这种想象中的音景是由一种名为角蝉的昆虫的肌肉运动产生的它来自于流经植物表面的振动可知这种音景产生于流经植物表面的振动故选D14细节理解题根据第二段的humanswouldnotbeabletohearthetreehoppersmusicwithoutspecialequipmentInthecompanyofscientistswithalaservibrometer振动计adevicethatchangesthetreehoppervibrationsintosoundsaudibletohumanearsYonggetstoheartheminthewildandinthelaboratory如果没有特殊的设备人类将无法听到角蝉的音乐在拥有激光测振仪的科学家的陪伴下Yong在野外和实验室里都能听到它们的声音激光测振仪是一种能将角蝉的振动转变为人耳可闻的声音的设备可知Yong能够听到角蝉的音乐是因为使用了一种激光振动仪故选A15细节理解题根据最后一段的NowwithAnImmenseWorldYongbringsintobeautifulfocusahostofotheranimalsensoryworldsthatcoexistwithoursandhowwemayprotectthem现在在无边无际的世界一书中Yong将许多其他与我们共存的动物感官世界以及我们如何保护它们带入了一个美丽的焦点可知无边无际的世界这本书的旨在保护动物故选B16推理判断题根据第二段的InAnImmenseWorldHowAnimalSensesRevealtheHiddenRealmsAroundUsPulitzerprizewinningsciencejournalistEdYongexplainsthatonarealwalkinsteadofthisoneweveimaginedhumanswouldnotbeabletohearthetreehoppersmusicwithoutspecialequipment在无边无际的世界动物的感官如何揭示我们周围隐藏的领域一书中普利策奖得主科学记者EdYong解释说如果不是我们想象的这次散步而是真正的散步如果没有特殊的设备人类将无法听到角蝉的音乐以及全文对这本书的内容的介绍和评价可知本文是一篇书评故选C17A18C19D20D解析导语这是一篇说明文文章说明了总部位于东京的创业公司SanatechSeedCompany与筑波大学的科学家合作利用CRISPRCas9基因编辑技术开发了一种新的番茄品种文章介绍了这种特殊类型的番茄的好处以及市场推广的情况17细节理解题根据第一段SicilianRougeHighGABAisaspecialtypeoftomatodesignedtocontainhighlevelsofgammaaminobutyricacidGABA氨基丁酸anaminoacidbelievedtoaidrelaxationandhelplowerbloodpressureSicilianRougeHighGABA是一种特殊类型的番茄含有高水平的伽马氨基丁酸GABA一种被认为有助于放松和降低血压的氨基酸可知SicilianRougeHighGABA对我们的健康有益故选A18细节理解题根据倒数第三段AJapanesehealthministrycommitteegaveSanatechSeedpermissiontocommercializethenewtomatovarietyTheyprovidednotificationandthestartupplanstoshipeachpackageoftomatoeswithastickerthatsaysimprovedusinggenomeeditingtechnology日本厚生劳动省的一个健康委员会批准Sanatech种子公司将这种新的番茄品种商业化他们提供了通知这家初创公司计划在发运每包西红柿时贴上使用基因组编辑技术改进的标签可知日本厚生省健康委员会允许新西红柿进入市场故选C19推理判断题根据倒数第二段Unlikegeneticallymodifiedfoodsgenomeeditedplantvarietiesareconsideredjustassafeasvarietiesimprovedusingtraditionalmethodsbecausenooutsidegeneisintroducedduringtheprocess与转基因食品不同基因编辑的植物品种被认为与使用传统方法改良的品种一样安全因为在这个过程中不会引入外部基因可推知基因编辑过的植物是安全的故选D20推理判断题根据文章主要以列举第三方的客观事实和言论为主没有涉及自己对SicilianRougeHighGABA的态度可推知作者对SicilianRougeHighGABA的态度是客观的故选D21B22D23A24A解析导语这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了英国房屋的不同类型以及两个时代的房屋特点21细节理解题根据第二段中ForsomeitcouldbeVictorianhouseswhichareoftenseenwithbaywindowshighceilingsstainedglassdoorsandcoloredbrickwork对一些人来说这可能是维多利亚时代的房子那里经常看到飘窗高高的天花板彩色玻璃门和彩色砖墙可知维多利亚时代的房子有高高的天花板和彩色砖墙故选B22推理判断题根据第一段中TherearemanydifferenttypesofhousesintheUKYoumayseedetachedsemidetachedterracedhousesorevenendofterracehousesonatypicalstreet在英国有许多不同类型的房屋在一条典型的街道上你可能会看到独立式半独立式联排式房屋甚至是街尾式房屋可推知作者提到维多利亚和乔治时代的房子是为了展示英国房屋的多样性故选D23细节理解题根据最后一段中SowhetheritshighceilingsbetterinsulationbrickworkbungalowsorsquaregardenspeopleinBritainhaveawidevarietyofpreferenceswhenitcomestowheretheylive所以无论是高高的天花板更好的隔热砖砌平房还是广场花园英国人对他们居住的地方有着各种各样的偏好可知可以从文章中了解到英国人对房子的偏爱故选A24推理判断题根据最后一段中Andtheiridealhomemayjustsimplybeacaseofwhatstylefeelslikehome他们理想中的家可能只是一个简单的案例什么风格感觉像家可推知接下来作者可能会谈论理想的英国家庭故选A25B26C解析导语这是一篇说明文科学和工程教育最近的创新之一是把重点放在让学生找出令人困惑的现象和解决现实世界的问题上文章对此进行了介绍25推理判断题根据第二段第一句Oneoftherecentinnovations创新inscienceandengineeringeducationisthecentralfocusonhavingstudentsfigureoutpuzzlingphenomenaandsolvingrealworldproblems科学和工程教育最近的创新之一是把重点放在让学生找出令人困惑的现象和解决现实世界的问题上和最后一句Withthisfocusstudentslearnideasandskillsbecausetheyrealizetheyaremissingsomeknowledgeorskillthatwouldallowthemtoanswertheirownquestionstosatisfytheircuriosity有了这个重点学生们就能学到一些想法和技能因为他们意识到自己缺少一些知识或技能这些知识或技能可以让他们回答自己的问题以满足他们的好奇心以及第一段中的TheresearchisclearthatusableknowledgethatislearningthatcanbetransferredtonewsituationsonlyoccurswhenindividualsareactivelymakingsenseoftheworldScienceandEngineeringforGrades612InvestigationandDesignattheCenterp57研究表明可用的知识即可以转移到新环境中的学习只有在个人积极理解世界时才会发生612年级的科学与工程中心的调查与设计第57页可知作者要介绍的科学和工程教育创新的重点和引言内容相近所以引言放在文章开头是为了引入作者的概念故选B26推理判断题根据第二段最后一句Withthisfocusstudentslearnideasandskillsbecausetheyrealizetheyaremissingsomeknowledgeorskillthatwouldallowthemtoanswertheirownquestionstosatisfytheircuriosity有了这个重点学生们就能学到一些想法和技能因为他们意识到自己缺少一些知识或技能这些知识或技能可以让他们回答自己的问题以满足他们的好奇心可知通过科学和工程教育的创新学生将会有学习的动力故选C27D28A29B30C解析导语本文为一篇说明文主要介绍了2021年第22届海南岛狂欢节27词义猜测题根据文章第一段The202122ndHainanIslandCarnivalkickedoffinHaikoucapitalcityofHainanprovinceonDec10th20212021年海南岛狂欢节于2021年12月10日在海南省会城市海口kickedoff并结合文章第五段Haikouistheeventsmainvenue主会场海口是这次活动的主会场提示可知划线词此处指本次海南岛狂欢节与12月10日在海口开始举行此处的kickoff意思与start相近意为开始故选D28细节理解题根据文章第四段Apartfromtheopeningceremonyaseriesofexcitingactivitiesarescheduledtobeheldduringthefestival除了开幕式狂欢节期间也安排了一系列有趣的活动可知在这次狂欢节游客可以参加各种各样的活动故选A29推理判断题根据文章最后一段Intermsoftourismresourcesofattractivescenicspotsruraltourismshoppingtourismarefullyincludedseventhematic主题的tourismroutesincludingshoppingruraltourismhealthtourismredtourismconferenceandexhibitionresearchandstudyoceanictourismwillbelaunchedtoattractmorevisitorstotraveltoHainanwhichwillstimulate刺激tourismconsumptionandhelptheconstructionofaninternationaltourismconsumptioncenter就旅游业而言此活动包含了吸引人的旅游景点郊区旅游购物游且特意推出了7条主题旅游险吸引更多的游客到海南旅游刺激旅游消费并且帮助建设国际旅游消费中心可知最后一段主要讲述了此次欢乐节设置的活动对海南旅游业带来的潜在好处故最后一段主要讲述此次狂欢节的潜在影响故选B30推理判断题根据文章第二段ZhangXuChineseviceministerofCultureandTourismsaidinhisspeechthattheMinistryofCultureandTourismwillcontinuetosupportHainanincomprehensivelydeepeningreformandopeningupsupportHainansaimtobecomeaninternationaltourismconsumptioncenterandprovideassistancefortheconstructionofHainanFreeTradePort中国文化旅游副部长张旭在讲话中表示文化旅游部将继续支持海南全面深化改革开放支持海南成为国际旅游消费中心的目标并为海南自由贸易港的建设提供支持可知文化旅游部将为海南成为自由贸易港提供支持和帮助故海南将来会成为一个自由贸易港故选C31D32C33B34A解析导语这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了成年人容易分心对此科学家研究了导致分心的原因并给出了一些有助于保持专注的方法31细节理解题根据第二段中OneofthemostobviousthingsisremovingnoiseResearchbyScienceFocusmagazinefoundsilenceisbestforconcentrationoragentlebackgroundhumandcoffeeshopnoiseisgreat最明显的方法之一就是去除噪音科学焦点杂志的研究发现安静最有助于集中注意力或者柔和的背景嗡嗡声和咖啡店的噪音也很好可知噪音容易让人分心故选D32细节理解题根据第三段中AnarticleforBBCFuturebyCarolineWilliamssaysthatAttentionResearcherNilliLavieofUniversityCollegeLondonhasfoundthatmakingataskmorevisuallydemandingtakesupmoreprocessingpowerandleavesthebrainnothinglefttoprocessdistractions卡罗琳威廉姆斯在BBC未来上发表的一篇文章中说伦敦大学学院的注意力研究员NilliLavie发现让一项任务对视觉要求更高需要更多的处理能力使大脑无法处理干扰可知具有挑战性的任务使人集中精力故选C33推理判断题根据第一段Stayingfocusedcanstillbeachallengeinadultlifebutunderstandinghowtodoitandknowingwhatisdistractingyoucanhelp在成年人的生活中保持专注仍然是一个挑战但了解如何做到这一点知道是什么让你分心会有所帮助以及最后一段ButaccordingtoScienceFocusmagazinedistractionisntallbadIfwewerealwayssofocusedthatwenevergotdistractedwedmisspotentialchangessuchasthreatsinourenvironmentDistractionisvitalforsurvival但根据科学焦点杂志的说法分心也不全是坏事如果我们总是如此专注从不分心我们就会错过环境中的潜在变化比如威胁分散注意力对生存至关重要可知作者先是说明了处理分心有助于保持专注最后一段则说分心也有好处故可推知作者对分心的态度是客观态度故选B34主旨大意题根据第一段Stayingfocusedcanstillbeachallengeinadultlifebutunderstandinghowtodoitandknowingwhatisdistractingyoucanhelp在成年人的生活中保持专注仍然是一个挑战但了解如何做到这一点知道是什么让你分心会有所帮助结合文章主要说明了成年人容易分心对此科学家研究了导致分心的原因并给出了一些有助于保持专注的方法可知这篇文章主要讲了处理分心的办法故选A35B36B37C38D解析导语这是一篇说明文本文主要介绍了什么是微距摄影及这种摄影方式的操作方法35细节理解题根据第一段关键句ManypeoplethinkthatyouneedtotravelgreatdistancesandgoonexpensivetripstocreatebeautifulphotosIfyouconsidermacrophotographywhichiscapturing捕捉tinydetailsanentirelynewworldmayopenforyourightinyourownbackyard许多人认为为了拍出漂亮的照片你需要长途跋涉进行昂贵的旅行如果你考虑微距摄影即捕捉微小细节一个全新的世界可能会在你自己的后院为你打开可知如果我们善于捕捉生活的细节那我们会发现一个全新的摄影世界拍出优秀的作品由此可知捕捉生活的细节可以创造出优秀的作品故选B项36主旨大意题通读第二段内容结合关键句Usinga50mmmacrolens微距镜头onatraditionalDSLRcameraIwalkedaroundlookingfordifferentopportunitiesIalsooftenusetwoextension伸缩tubeswhichhelpmegeteverclosertomysubjectmatterandincreasethemagnification放大率在传统的单反相机上使用50毫米的微距镜头我四处寻找不同的机会我还经常使用两个伸缩管这有助于我更接近我的主题并提高放大率可知本段内容主要介绍了如何进行微距拍摄通过在传统的单反相机上使用50毫米的微距镜头也可以通过使用伸缩管提高放大率由此可知第二段主要讲了微距拍摄的方式故选B项37词义猜测题根据画线单词上文Iliketoshootwithafullyblurred模糊的backgroundcalledbokehthoughsometimesincreasingdepthoffieldandnothavingtotalblurrinesscanbebeneficialtothecompositiontoo我喜欢在完全模糊的背景下拍摄称为bokeh焦外成像尽管有时增加景深和不完全模糊也有利于构图可知上文介绍了一种名为bokeh焦外成像的拍摄方式是在完全模糊的背景下进行拍摄根据画线单词后句Usingasmartphoneyoucaneasilyusetoolslikeportraitmodetohelpblurthebackground使用智能手机你可以轻松使用肖像模式等工具来帮助模糊背景可知下文介绍了使用智能手机的肖像模式等工具也可以帮助模糊背景由此可知画线单词所在句指的是你不需要一个特殊的摄像机来进行bokeh拍摄使用智能手机也可以做到this代指的是上文提到的bokeh焦外成像故选C项38主旨大意题通读全文结合第一段关键句Ifyouconsidermacrophotographywhichiscapturing捕捉tinydetailsanentirelynewworldmayopenforyourightinyourownbackyard如果你考虑微距摄影即捕捉微小细节一个全新的世界可能会在你自己的后院为你打开和第二段关键句Usinga50mmmacrolens微距镜头onatraditionalDSLRcameraIwalkedaroundlookingfordifferentopportunities在传统的单反相机上使用50毫米的微距镜头我四处寻找不同的机会可知本文主要介绍了什么是微距摄影及这种摄影方式的操作方法MacroPhotography意为微距摄影能够概括文章主要内容故选D项39D40A41C42B解析导语本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了解生物年龄能帮助人们通过改变行为习惯来延长寿命39推理判断题根据第一段中Manyagingresearchscientistsbelievethatknowingyourbiologicalagecouldhelpyoupostponeoravoidagerelatedillnessesandbetterpredictanindividualslifespan寿命许多研究衰老的科学家认为知道自己的生理年龄可以帮助你推迟或避免与年龄有关的疾病并更好地预测一个人的寿命和第二段的Atthecenterofthedebatearehopesthatpeoplecanextendtheirlivesbychangingtheirbehaviors争论的中心是希望人们可以通过改变行为来延长寿命可知了解生物年龄能够帮助人们推迟或者避免与年龄相关的疾病人们也可以通过改变行为习惯来延长寿命故选D40细节理解题根据第三段中DrSinclairatHarvardisdevelopingabiologicalagetestbasedonchemicalchangesonDNAHeplanstolaunchitwithanewcompanycalledTallyHealth哈佛大学的辛克莱博士正在开发一种基于DNA化学变化的生物年龄测试他计划与一家名为塔利健康的新公司一起推出这款产品以及Thoughcriticizedbyotherscientistsforhypingtheresultsofsomeofhisfindingsforhisbusinesshesaysthathedoesntoverstatehisresearchfindings虽然其他科学家批评他为了自己的生意而夸大自己的一些研究结果但他说自己并没有夸大自己的研究结果可知哈佛大学的辛克莱博士计划与TallyHealth合作研发能够检测生物年龄的测试然而遭到别的科学家的批评由此可知一些科学家批评他是因为认为他夸大字节的研究结果并以此牟利故选A41细节理解题根据最后一段中theresultsmakesensegivenMrRobertsgeneticslongevityrunsinhisfamilyandlifestylewhichislikelylessstressful考虑到罗伯特的基因长寿与他的家庭和生活方式有关他的生活压力可能更小这一结果是合理的可知戈登教授解释说这是因为罗伯特先生的遗传基因他的家族都长寿故选C42主旨大意题本文介绍了解生物年龄的好处是能够让人们通过改变自身行为习惯来延长寿命故B项了解你的生物年龄延长寿命可以作为本文最佳标题故选B43C44A45B46D解析导语本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了东西方在雀斑眼型清纯成熟等方面的审美观的不同43细节理解题根据文章第三段第二句Formostwesternershavingfrecklesisnolongerjustsomethingyouhavetolivewithinsteaditissomethingtobedesired对于大多数西方人来说长雀斑不再是一件必须忍受的事情相反它是人们渴望的东西可知大多数西方人认为有雀斑并不是一件要忍受的事而是一件非常盼望的事故选C项44词句猜测题根据第四段二三四句ManyChinesethinkgirlswithbigeyesarethemostbeautifulIftheireyeshaveadoublefoldeyelidthatisconsideredperfectHowevermostforeignersseemtopreferChinesegirlswithslanted斜的andnarroweyesandeyebrows许多中国人认为大眼睛的女孩最漂亮如果他们的眼睛有双眼皮那就被认为是完美的然而大多数外国人似乎更喜欢中国女孩倾斜的和狭窄的眼睛和眉毛可知有关眼睛的形状问题很多中国人和西方人看法不同从而可推知该词组意思是看法相同故选A项45细节理解题根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二句UnlikeChinesegirlsWesterngirlsthinkamorematurelookshowsindependenceanduniqueness与中国女孩不同的是西方女孩认为更成熟的外表显示出独立和独特可知西方女孩更喜欢看起来成熟是因为她们想要以更成熟的外表来显得独立与独特故选B项46主旨大意题根据文章第一段最后一句ActuallytherearesomedifferentbeautystandardsbetweentheEastandtheWest事实上东西方之间有一些不同的审美标准并结合下文介绍的东西方审美的不同可知本文主要介绍了东西方在雀斑眼型清纯成熟等方面的审美观的不同故选D项47C48A49C50D解析分析本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了一项新科技这项科技可以让在车上的每个人都可以在不带耳机的情况下听到自己喜欢听的音乐47细节理解题根据文章第三段第一句OnebarrierwhichscientistshavepreviouslybeenunabletoovercomewastheimpactofmovingonesseatTheywereabletoformaPSZbutunabletomoveittofollowapersoniftheymovedtheseatforwardsorbackwards科学家们此前一直无法克服的一个障碍是移动座位的影响他们能够形成一个PSZ但如果他们向前或向后移动座位就不能跟随人来移动它可知PSZs没有办法随着座位移动而移动故选C项48主旨大意题根据文章第四段的TheFrenchteamcreatedanewalgorithm算法specificallytotacklethisissuewhichhandlesthesoundwavestocreatebrightanddarkzonesinthecar这个法国团队专门开发了一种新算法来解决这个问题通过处理声波来在车内创造明亮和黑暗区域以及ThekeytothetechniqueworkingproperlyishavingsufficientmicrophonesplacedaroundthecartodetecthowmanypeopleareinthecarandwheretheyaresittingThepricetopayistohavecontrolmicrophonesinthepassengersectionsothatthealgorithmcanwork这项技术正常工作的关键是在汽车周围放置足够多的麦克风以检测车内有多少人以及他们坐的地方付出的代价是要在乘客区安装麦克风这样算法才能起作用可知本段讲述如何要解决PSZs座位移动就听不到的问题采用新的算法乘客区放置足够多的麦克风来解决这个问题故选A项49推理判断题根据文章第四段倒数第二句ThekeytothetechniqueworkingproperlyishavingsufficientmicrophonesplacedaroundthecartodetecthowmanypeopleareinthecarandwheretheyaresittingThepricetopayistohavecontrolmicrophonesinthepassengersectionsothatthealgorithmcanwork这项技术正常工作的关键是在汽车周围放置足够多的麦克风以检测车内有多少人以及他们坐的地方付出的代价是要在乘客区安装麦克风这样算法才能起作用可知新科技成功与否的关键取决于是否有足够多的麦克风安装在车中故选C项50推理判断题根据文章第一段最后一句Findingawayforallpartiestolistentotheirownaudiowithouttheneedforheadphoneshasbeenagoalofcarmakersfordecadesandscientistsmayhavefinallymanagedit几十年来汽车制造商一直想找到一种不需要耳机就能让所有人听到自己声音的方法而科学家们可能终于实现了这一目标可知本文主要介绍科学家们运用新的技术让每个人都听到自己喜欢听的音乐接下来第二段到第四段分别对怎么用新技术碰到了哪些挑战以及怎么战胜挑战进行了描述最后指出这项技术的局限性因此推断本文的目的是介绍一项新科技故选D项