2022届高三英语二轮复习：阅读理解之议论文 专题精练-（含答案）.doc

阅读理解之议论文1议论文特点分析议论文都要提出论题观点提供充分的证据使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式写法一正方甲方反方乙方我认为写法二提出问题分析问题解决问题写法三论点理由证据重申论点2解题方法把握文章的论点论据和论证此外还要把握文章的结构和语言互推法在议论之后总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后总要抒发一些议论考生在理解议论时可以借助文中所给的实例从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义相互推断推理法推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思但没有明确表达的推理要根据文章的字面意思通过语篇段落和句子之间的逻辑关系各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义要能透过现象看本质一Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional情感的intelligenceManypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinapersonsmakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtestsuchascharactermotivationconfidencementalstabilityoptimismandpeopleskillsResearchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalitiesbutmostofthemmovefarbeyondskillbasedemotionalintelligenceWeprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposesTheabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatientswhileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictimsBeingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralpersonAlthoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupporttheoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmfulThemostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis重视onemotionbyemployerseducatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwellbeingThepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersreevaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylifeAlthoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirablewehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotionItisourhopethatincomingdecadesadvancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives视角fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlivesEmotionalintelligencewithitsfocusonbothheadandheartmayservetopointusintherightdirection1WhatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligenceAItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtestBIthelpstoexerciseapersonsmindCItincludesasetofemotionalskillsDItreferstoapersonspositivequalities2Whydoestheauthormentiondoctorandcheaterinparagraph2AToexplainaruleBToclarifyaconceptCTopresentafactDTomakeaprediction3WhatistheauthorsattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligenceAFavorableBIntolerantCDoubtfulDUnclear4WhatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligenceAItsappealtothepublicBExpectationsforfuturestudiesCItspracticalapplicationDScientistswithnewperspectives答案1D2B3A4B解析本文是一篇议论文文章主要论述了什么是情商以及情商普及的优势同时作者提出了对情商研究是未来期望1细节理解题根据题干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段Manypeoplenowmisunderstandasalmosteverythingdesirableinapersonsmakeup分析可知大多数人认为情商就是构成人性格中几乎所有可取的部分而后跟的句子suchascharactermotivationconfidence则是作者在列举一些情商中具体的优良品质选项D它指的是一个人的优良品质是该句的同义替换故选D2推理判断题根据题干信息的paragraph2定位到第二段Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceas分析可知我们更喜欢把情商称作是一套特定的技能它既可以用于好的目的也可以用于坏的目的而后作者便分别列举了doctor和cheater用于解释说明好目的和坏目的由此我们可以推测作者提及doctor和cheater是为了阐明前句所提到的关于情商的概念故选B3推理判断题根据题干信息popularizationofemotionalintelligence定位到第三段Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingtheoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful分析可知虽然大众对于情商的普遍认知远远超过了目前研究可以支持的观点但是宣传的总体效果对于情商的发展研究是利大于弊的而后作者便进一步列举了好处体现在哪些方面themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization可知作者对此态度是正向的支持的故选A4主旨大意题根据题干信息lastparagraph定位到最后一段ItisourhopethatadvancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlivesEmotionalintelligencemayservetopointusintherightdirection分析可知我们希望在未来的几十年里科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供一个新的视角而情商也许会给我们指明一个正确的方向因此可以得知最后一段作者是在提出对于未来研究的期待和方向B项中的Expectationsforfuturestudies符合题意故选B二IhaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibrariesIhaveforaslongasIcanrememberIwasalwaysanenthusiasticreadersometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachildStorieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttopartiesIlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibraryMyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsoldItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytimeAsIgrewolderandbecameamotherthelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylifeIhadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource来源ofentertainmentItwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrarywheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothemIalwaysreadusingdifferentvoicesasthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheyloveditItwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooksNowIseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogenerationAsanovelistIvefoundanewrelationshipwithlibrariesIencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycantaffordtopurchaseabookIseelibrariesasasafehaven避风港forreadersandwritersabridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabookLibrariesintheirownwayhelpfightbookpiracy盗版行为and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycanEncouragereaderstousethelibrarySharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmediaFrequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan5WhichwordbestdescribestheauthorsrelationshipwithbooksasachildACooperativeBUneasyCInseparableDCasual6Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseanaddedmeaninginparagraph3refertoAPleasurefromworkinginthelibraryBJoyofreadingpassedoninthefamilyCWondermentfromactingoutthestoriesDAcloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders7WhatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodoASponsorbookfairsBWriteforsocialmediaCSupportlibrariesDPurchasehernovels8WhichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextAReadingASourceofKnowledgeBMyIdeaaboutwritingCLibraryAHavenfortheYoungDMyLoveoftheLibrary答案5C6B7C8D解析本文是夹叙夹议文文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者孩提时热衷读书第一份工作在图书馆有了孩子以后一家人去图书馆读书阅读的习惯代代传承下去作为小说家作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆宣传图书馆5推理判断题根据第一段的IwasalwaysanenthusiasticreadersometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachildStorieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttopartiesIlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary我一直是一个热情的读者孩提时有时候每天读多达三本书故事对我来说就像空气而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险可推断作者小时候与书是密不可分的故选C6词句猜测题根据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知我长大了成了一位母亲结合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource来源ofentertainmentItwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrarywheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem我有几个孩子书是我们娱乐的主要来源对于我们来说坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书可推断作者成了母亲以后带着孩子去图书馆孩子挑选书籍来阅读或者作者读给他们听因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传故选B7细节理解题根据最后一段的IthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycanEncouragereaderstousethelibrarySharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmediaFrequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆鼓励读者使用图书馆在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告可以的时候常去图书馆谈论图书馆可知作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆故选C8主旨大意题纵观全文可知文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者孩提时喜欢阅读工作在图书馆有了孩子以后一家人去图书馆读书阅读的习惯代代传承下去作为小说家作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆宣传图书馆因此推断全文围绕作者对图书馆的爱展开讲述故D项我对图书馆的爱为最佳标题故选D典型例题一ThearticleWhatChinaGetsRightaboutRelationshipsbySamMassieremindsmeoftheQuoraquestionabouttheopiniononChinesepeopleObviouslyanswersfromdifferentpeoplewontbethesameTomethosedifferentpeoplefallintotwogroupsthosewithavaguepictureofChinaandthoseunderstandingChinesecultureverywellItsquiteeasyforthefirstcategorytoreachsomeconclusionswithprejudiceWhenwaschildwastaughttobewatchfularoundChinesepeopletheywerethetypethatsmiledwhenoffendedbecausetheyllstabyouinthebackinrevenge报复Theyvaluedmoneyoverhumanlifeandthatwasmotive动机foralltheiractivitiesQuoraUserThatprovidesusifIcansaysoaracistsstereotypeofChinesepeopleItissadtoknowmanypeopledohaveanunclearideaaboutChinaalonghistoryalargepopulationtheGreatWallPandaExpressfestivalsteakongfumoviescheapandbadclothesthemanufacturingpoweraverylargeinternalmarketandhardworkingyesespeciallyhighschoolstudentsAllthesearerathertoosimpleandgeneralBycontrasttothosewecallaChinahanditisquiteobviousthatthewordChinesebearsmuchmoreIntodayseverglobalizedworldmoreandmoreforeignfriendsareincreasinglyattractedtoChinesecultureTheylearnChinesemakeChinesefriendswatchChinesemoviesandpayvisitsorevenmovetoChinaUnderstandingthedifferencesbetweentheeastandthewesttheycouldseethroughtheappearanceInmanycasesthefirstimpressionofsomeWesternersaboutChinaisnomorethanrudenessbutitisactuallynotthatsimpleWhatshouldbepaidattentiontoaretheingroupoutgroupeffectsSamMassieiswiseinsayingthatrudenesstostrangersistheflipside相反面ofdeepbondswithlovedonesIamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerositysincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeopleTomenomatterwhattheWesternersopinionsarewhatreallymattersishowwebehaveandthewaywetreatothersWhatsyouropinion1AccordingtothewriterthefirstgroupAjudgeChinesepeopleonesidedlyBseewellintoChinesecultureCturnouttobeilleducatedatschoolDdrawreasonableconclusionsaboutChina2AChinahandwillmostprobablyagreethatAChinesepeoplecandoanythingtofightbackagainstthosewhooffendthemBChinaisveryattractiveinculturewithitsgenerousandsincerepeopleCChinahasalonghistoryandthemosthardworkingstudentsintheworldDChinaisprofitdrivenandasaresultpeoplearecoldtostrangers3TheunderlinedwordstereotypeinthefourthparagraphprobablymeansAchangingandreasonableideaBafixedandoftenrightideaCafixedandoftenfalseideaDachangingandunfairidea4ThewritersattitudetoSamMassiesbookisAapprovingBobjectiveCcriticalDindifferent二Around200BCAristophanesanancientGreeklibrariandevelopedasystemofmarkstobreakuptexttomakeiteasiertoreadBeforethiswordswereoftenwritteninonelongsentencewithoutspacesbetweenthewordsTodayinmanylanguagesincludingEnglishthereisasetofrulesonhowtousefullstopscommasandothertextmarksHoweversomebelievethisischangingDrRobertFrostwhostudieslanguagesayspeoplenolongerusefullstopsandotherpunctuationsymbolsbecausetheyfeeltheirmessagesareclearenoughwithoutthemSoispunctuationhelpfulorjusttroublesomeYespunctuationisimportantPunctuationisneededinordertomakethemeaningofwrittenwordsclearIfaparentmessagedtosayItstimetoeatchildrenthisisdifferentfromItstimetoeatchildrenThesecondsentencewouldprobablymakeyouwanttorunintheoppositedirectionbecauseitsoundsasthoughchildrenwereonthemenuTheauthorJonathanPiercearguesthatpunctuationcanbeusedtoadddramatobreakupthesequenceofwordsandchangetherhythmofasentenceItallowswriterstomakesentencesmoreinterestingsothereadersdonotgetboredPierceclaimsOtherwisethewordsrunintoeachotherandlosetheirimpactBesideslearningthedifferentwayspunctuationmarkscanbeusedisfunItcanaddalottothestyleofwritingandmakeitclearerNowedontneeditPunctuationEvenifasentenceisbadlypunctuatedlikethisoneItcanstillbeunderstoodThisshortpieceoftextshowsthatitisthewordsthataretheimportantpartofthesentencenotthesymbolsbetweenthemOxfordbasedlinguistKellyJonessaysItistheorderinwhichthewordsappearthatconveysthemeaningnotthepunctuationmarksIfthereisanydoubtinthemeaningofthesentencepeoplearecleverenoughtoworkoutwhatthepersonisreallytryingtosayForinstancewhenpeoplespeaktheydonotusepunctuationandyetwecanstillunderstandeachotherAlsopunctuationcanbeconfusingtherearelotsofcomplexrulestoobserveandifitisusedincorrectlyitcancausemoreproblemsthaniftherewerenonepunctuationsimplyisntneeded5WhatisthepurposeofthispassageATodiscussalternativeviewpointsBTosupportoneargumentoveranotherCToevaluatethestrengthofcompetingideasDTooutlinehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage6WhobelievespunctuationisnecessaryARobertFrostandKellyJonesBAristophanesandRobertFrostCJonathanPierceandKellyJonesDAristophanesandJonathanPierce7Inparagraph3theunderlinedpartisusedasAadefinitionBafactCanexampleDanerror8WhichofthefollowingcanbeastrongargumentagainstKellyJonessopinionAPunctuationaddstotheeffectandrichnessofalanguageBWithoutpunctuationpeoplewouldbebreathlesswhenspeakingCPausesandtonesinspeechservesimilarfunctionstopunctuationDThechoiceandorderofwordsareimportanttoconveyingmeaning三IamaputtererapersonspendingalotoftimedoingthingspeopleusuallyconsiderunimportantinarelaxedwayHoweverIdontthinkputteringiswastingmytimeItisasatisfyingwayofdealingwithonesdomesticenvironmentinawayonecannotdowiththeworldatlargeAsafatherIvehadadifficulttimecommunicatingthistomycollegeagesonTomrecentlyboughtausedcarIwasproudofhimfornegotiatingagooddealWhenIlookeditoverInoticedatinyspotofrust锈LikeasuperheroouttosavethedayIrushedtowardtheimperfectionwithapieceofsandpaperandasmallbottleofclearnailpolishfrommyputteringresourcesTomwatchedasIsandedthespotandthencoateditwiththenailpolishHerolledhiseyesYoullunderstandsomedayItoldhimAsaruleIdonotusuallyconductsuchpublicperformancesPutteringisinbriefasolitary独自进行的actandputterersaremodestpeopleTheyobservesmallthingsthatmostfolkssimplytolerate454545apicturehungnotinastraightpositionadoornotshuttingwellashakytablelegItdoesnttakemucheffortortimetorightsuchdeficienciesButonceagainthereissomethinginthesensibilityoftheputtererthatmakescorrectingthemdeeplyrewardingAllofthisrisksgivinganimpressionofendlessandperhapsmindlessactivityButnothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruthThebeautyofputteringisthatitisasymbolofhavingcontroloveronestimerespondingtotheneedsofoneshomeasoneseesfitIfIdontfixtheshakykitchentabletodayIcandoittomorroworthenextdayornotatallPutteringyoumightsayhassetmefree9WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTomsattitudetowardhisfathersputteringADisapprovalBAdmirationCGratitudeDEmbarrassment10WhatdoweknowabouttheauthorAHeisextremelystrictwithhissonBHeshowsinterestincollectingoldthingsCHehasanobservingeyeforsmallthingsDHeoftenoverlooksothersimperfections11Whichofthefollowingwordisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedworddeficienciesinparagraph3AConsequencesBObstaclesCInconveniencesDDrawbacks12WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextATheBenefitsofPutteringBMyEnjoymentofPutteringCPutteringWastingTimeDPutteringMyDailyLife四WespendathirdofouradultlivesworkingandanotherbigpartpreparingforourcareersHistoricallyworkwasrarelyseenasasourceofmeaningandpurposeDuringthevastmajorityofour300000yearhumanevolution进化workwasinfactprettysimpleWeworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeatenMeaningandpurposecamefromsomewhereelselikespiritualityartreligionorscienceTheideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningfulisarathermodernifnotpostmoderninventionOnlyonehundredyearsagoitwouldhavebeenfrequenttoseeaworkerwhoreturnedfromatypicalworkdayatafactorycomplaintotheirfolksthattheydidntearnmuchortheywerewornoutandraretoseethattheycomplaintheydidntexperienceasenseofpurposeSimilarlytheideathatweoughttobringourwholeselftoworkisaprettynovelandrecentformofcareeradviceItsoriginscanbetracedtoWilliamKahnwhoinventedtheconceptofemployeeengagement30yearsagoHispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkroleSomeseeworkasmerelyajobandclockinandouteverydaywithoutbringingtheirwholeselftoworkWorkisjustnotacoreaspectoftheiridentityandtheirconceptofthemselvesisbuiltonothersocialcategorieslikemotherhusbandAmericanChristiancaptainofthelocalsoccerteametcOthershoweverhaveverylowpsychologicaldistancewiththeirworkroleseeingitasessentiallyintertwined交融的withwhotheyareTheydontjustcometoworktheyarefullydevotedtotheircareersandhaveaspiritualtypeofconnectionwiththeirjobsTheyareitseemsalmostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholics工作狂mostcompanieslongfor13WhydidwespendmuchofouradultlivesworkingAToprepareforfuturecareersBTofindthewatersourcesCTohelpusevolveDTomakeussurvive14WhydidthewritermentiontheworkeracenturyagoATohelpusfindmeaningatworkBToprovethattheideawasmodernCToshowusthebadolddaysDTocomplainabouttheexperience15WhichofthefollowingmightWilliamKahnagreewithAEmployeeshavedifferentunderstandingsabouttheirworkroleBEveryemployeemustbringtheirwholeselftoworkCTobedevotedtoworkisaprettynovelideaDWorkerscoreidentityisbuiltonartcategories16WhatkindofemployeesdomostcompaniesfavourAThosewhoseeworkasajobBThosewhoidentifywiththeirworkroleCThosewhoarefullydevotedtotheirworkDThosewhopossessexperience五JanustheRomangodhastwofaceslookinginoppositedirectionsSodoesartificialintelligenceAIOnonesidearethepositivechangesenablingpeopletoachievemorefarmorequicklybyusingtechnologytoimprovetheirexistingskillsLooktheotherwaythoughandthereareplentyofpotentialpitfallsLikeJanustechnologicalchangemayalsocausedisruption混乱butAIislikelytohaveabiggerimpactthananythingsincetheappearanceofcomputersanditsconsequencescouldbefarmoredisruptiveIntheyearsaheadAIwillraisethreebigquestionsforbossesandgovernmentsOneistheeffectonjobsAlthoughCEOspubliclypraisethebroadbenefitsAIwillbringtheirmaininterestliesincuttingcostsOneEuropeanbankaskedInfosystofindawayofreducingthestaffinitsoperationsdepartmentfrom50000to500TheMcKinseyGlobalInstituteestimatesthatby2030upto375mpeopleor14oftheglobalworkforcecouldhavetheirjobsreplacedbyAIAsecondimportantquestionishowtoprotectprivacyasAIspreadsTheinternethasalreadymadeitpossibletotrackpeoplesdigitalbehaviorinminutedetailAIwillofferevenbettertoolsforbusinessestomonitorconsumersandemployeesbothonlineandinthephysicalworldConsumersaresometimeshappytogoalongwiththisifitresultsinpersonalisedserviceorpromotionsButAIisboundtobringinvasionofprivacythatisseenasunacceptableForexamplelawenforcementofficialsaroundtheworldwilluseAItospotcriminalsbutmayalsomonitorordinarycitizensThethirdquestionisabouttheeffectofAIoncompetitioninbusinessAtechnologycompanythatachievesamajorbreakthroughinartificialintelligencecouldraceaheadofrivalsputothersoutofbusinessandlessencompetitionThisisunlikelytohappeninthenearfuturebutifitdiditwouldbeofgreatconcernItistooearlytotellwhetherthepositivechangesbroughtbyAIwilloutweightheriskButitwillputanendtotraditionalwaysofdoingthingsandstartaneweraforbusinessandfortheworldatlarge17JanusismentionedtoAintroducethetopicBpraisetheRomangodCtellitsdifferenceDsupportAI18Theunderlinedwordpitfallsinparagraph1isprobablymeansAconsequencesBrisksCeffectsDbenefits19WhatsthemainideaofthepassageAAIisadoubleedgedswordBPeopleshowgreatconcernaboutAICprivacyisthreatenedbyAIDAIwillenjoyabrightfuture20WhatstheauthorsattitudetowardsAIAObjectiveBPositiveCWorriedDSubjective参考答案1A2B3C4A解析这是一篇议论文文章论述了萨姆马西书中关于一些西方人对中国人存在刻板印象作者赞成萨姆马西的观点认为中国人是慷慨的真诚的1细节理解题根据第二段Itsquiteeasyforthefirstcategorytoreachsomeconclusionswithprejudice第一类人很容易得出带有偏见的结论可知第一类人看待中国人有偏见因此根据本文第一类人是A项judgeChinesepeopleonesidedly片面地评价中国人符合题意故选A项2推理判断题根据第一中的andthoseunderstandingChinesecultureverywell另一类是非常了解中国文化的人以及最后一段IamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerositysincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeople我很高兴他了解中国人的慷慨真诚和其他优良品质可知萨姆马西非常了解中古文化并且喜欢中国人的慷慨和真诚因此一个中国通最可能赞成的是B项Chinaisveryattractiveinculturewithitsgenerousandsincerepeople中国文化很有吸引力中国人也很慷慨和真诚符合题意故选B项3词义猜测题根据第四段ItissadtoknowmanypeopledohaveanunclearideaaboutChinaalonghistoryalargepopulationtheGreatWallPandaExpressfestivalsteakongfumoviescheapandbadclothesthemanufacturingpoweraverylargeinternalmarketandhardworking遗憾的是许多人对中国有着不清楚的认识历史悠久人口众多长城熊猫快餐节日茶功夫片廉价和劣质的衣服制造业的力量非常大的内部市场以及勤奋可知很多人对中国的认识是不清楚的凭想当然的一种刻板印象因此划线词所在句子的意思为如果我可以这么说的话这给我们提供了一个种族主义者对中国人的刻板印象划线词stereotype的意思为C项afixedandoftenfalseidea一种固定的通常是错误的看法符合题意故选C项4推理判断题根据第三段ThatprovidesusifIcansaysoaracistsstereotypeofChinesepeople如果我可以这么说的话这给我们提供了一个种族主义者对中国人的刻板印象以及最后一段InmanycasesthefirstimpressionofsomeWesternersaboutChinaisnomorethanrudenessbutitisactuallynotthatsimpleIamoverjoyedthatheunderstandsthegenerositysincerityandothergoodqualitiesofChinesepeopleTomenomatterwhattheWesternersopinionsarewhatreallymattersishowwebehaveandthewaywetreatothers在许多情况下一些西方人对中国的第一印象不过是粗鲁无礼但实际上并不是那么简单我很高兴他了解中国人的慷慨真诚和其他优良品质对我来说不管西方人的意见是什么真正重要的是我们的行为举止和对待他人的方式可知作者认为很多人对中国人的了解是片面的他们对中国人存在刻板印象是实际上并不能这么简单的看作者和萨姆马西的都认为中国人是慷慨真诚的因此作者对萨姆马西的书的态度是A项approving赞成符合题意故选A项5A6D7C8C解析这是一篇议论文文章主要介绍了标点符号的发明历史以及从支持和反对两个方面论述了人们对于需不需要使用标点符号的看法5推理判断题根据第一段中Soispunctuationhelpfulorjusttroublesome那么标点符号是有用的还是麻烦的呢结合文章从支持和反对两个方面论述了人们对于需不需要使用标点符号的看法可推知这篇文章的目的是讨论不同的观点故选A6细节理解题根据第一段中Around200BCAristophanesanancientGreeklibrariandevelopedasystemofmarkstobreakuptexttomakeiteasiertoread大约在公元前200年古希腊图书管理员Aristophanes发明了一种标记系统将文本分解使其更易于阅读以及第二段中TheauthorJonathanPiercearguesthatpunctuationcanbeusedtoadddramatobreakupthesequenceofwordsandchangetherhythmofasentenceItallowswriterstomakesentencesmoreinterestingsothereadersdonotgetboredPierceclaimsOtherwisethewordsrunintoeachotherandlosetheirimpact作者JonathanPierce认为标点可以用来增加戏剧效果打破词语的顺序改变句子的节奏Pierce称这能让作者把句子写得更有趣这样读者就不会感到无聊否则这些词互相碰撞就会失去它们的影响力可知Aristophanes和JonathanPierce认为标点是必要的故选D7推理判断题根据第三段中PunctuationEvenifasentenceisbadlypunctuatedlikethisoneItcanstillbeunderstoodThisshortpieceoftextshowsthatitisthewordsthataretheimportantpartofthesentencenotthesymbolsbetweenthem标点符号即使一个句子标点符号用得不好就像下面这句话它仍然可以被理解这段简短的文字表明单词才是句子的重要组成部分而不是它们之间的符号可推知在第三段中下划线部分是一个例子故选C8推理判断题根据最后一段中OxfordbasedlinguistKellyJonessaysItistheorderinwhichthewordsappearthatconveysthemeaningnotthepunctuationmarksIfthereisanydoubtinthemeaningofthesentencepeoplearecleverenoughtoworkoutwhatthepersonisreallytryingtosayForinstancewhenpeoplespeaktheydonotusepunctuationandyetwecanstillunderstandeachother牛津大学的语言学家KellyJones说单词出现的顺序而不是标点符号就能传达意思如果对这句话的意思有任何疑问人们能聪明得理解这个人真正想说什么例如当人们说话时他们不使用标点符号但我们仍然可以理解对方可推知KellyJones认为标点符号没有必要因为人们说话不使用标点符合也可以传达意思结合选项可知C选项说话中的停顿和声调与标点的作用相似的观点可以有力地反驳KellyJones的观点故选C9A10C11D12B解析这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章短文主要叙述了作者是一个悠闲地做琐碎事的人作者很享受自己的状态9推理判断题根据文章第二段末尾内容TomwatchedasIsandedthespotandthencoateditwiththenailpolishHerolledhiseyes可知汤姆看着父亲用砂纸打磨那块地方然后在上面涂上指甲油他翻了个白眼因此可以推知Tom对于作者磨蹭行为的不屑不赞成的选项ADisapproval反对说明了Tom的态度故选A项10推理判断题根据文章第三段内容Theyobservesmallthingsthatmostfolkssimplytolerate454545apicturehungnotinastraightpositionadoornotshuttingwellashakytableleg可知作者需要观察那些大多数人都能容忍的小事一幅画挂得不正一扇门关不上一条桌子腿在颤抖因此判断出他是一个善于观察小事的人有敏锐的观察力故选C项11词义猜测题根据划线单词之前的such可知suchdeficiencies应是指代前文提及的apicturehungnotinastraightpositionadoornotshuttingwellashakytableleg一幅画挂得不正一扇门关不上一条桌子腿在颤抖因此可以推知deficiencies应是缺陷缺点含义与选项DDrawbacks缺点含义相同故选D项12主旨大意题文章结构为总分总结构末段再次呼应文章主旨ThebeautyofputteringisthatitisasymbolofhavingcontroloveronestimerespondingtotheneedsofoneshomeasoneseesfitIfIdontfixtheshakykitchentabletodayIcandoittomorroworthenextdayornotatallPutteringyoumightsayhassetmefree磨蹭的美妙之处在于它象征着你可以控制自己的时间以自己认为合适的方式回应家里的需要如果我今天不修理摇摇晃晃的厨房桌子我明天就可以做或者第二天或者根本就不做你可能会说磨蹭让我获得了自由可知本文的主要内容讲述了作者对于自己的悠闲地做琐碎事的人的理解和感悟选项B享受悠闲地做琐碎事贴合主题为最佳标题故选B项13D14B15A16C解析这是一篇议论文成年后我们有三分之一的时间在工作还有很大一部分时间在为职业生涯做准备工作是为了生存而把完整的自己带到工作中去这也是一种相当新颖的职业建议文章还说明了不同的人对工作的看法13细节理解题根据第一段中Weworkedtoeatandavoidbeingeaten可知我们工作是为了吃饭避免被吃掉由此可知我们成年后大部分时间都在工作是为了生存故选D14推理判断题根据第二段中Theideathatwearemeanttofindmeaningatworkortofindworkmeaningfulisarathermodernifnotpostmoderninvention可知我们注定要在工作中找到意义或找到有意义的工作这种想法即使不是后现代的也是相当现代的发明接着后文作者提到了这个一个世纪前的工人由此可推知作者提到这个一个世纪前的工人是为了证明这个想法是现代的故选B15细节理解题根据第三段中Hispointwasthatemployeesdifferinthedegreetowhichtheyidentifywiththeirworkrole可知他的观点是员工对自己工作角色的认同程度各不相同由此可知A选项员工对自己的工作角色有不同的理解属于WilliamKahn的观点故选A16细节理解题根据最后一段中Theyareitseemsalmostpossessedbyworkandarethetypeofworkaholicsmostcompanieslongfor可知他们似乎几乎被工作迷住了是大多数公司渴望的工作狂类型由此可知大多数公司喜欢全身心投入工作的员工故选C17A18B19A20A解析这是一篇议论文文章主要讲了人工智能是一把双刃剑人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险现在下结论还为时过早但它将终结传统的做事方式开启一个商业和整个世界的新时代17推理判断题根据第一段JanustheRomangodhastwofaceslookinginoppositedirectionsSodoesartificialintelligenceAIOnonesidearethepositivechangesenablingpeopletoachievemorefarmorequicklybyusingtechnologytoimprovetheirexistingskillsLooktheotherwaythoughandthereareplentyofpotentialpitfalls杰纳斯罗马的神有两张脸朝相反的方向人工智能也是如此一方面是积极的变化使人们能够通过使用技术来提高他们现有的技能从而更快地实现更多的目标尽管如此看看其他方式有很多潜在的陷阱由此推断出文中提到杰纳斯是为了引出人工智能具有两面性这个话题故选A18词义猜测题上文提到了积极的变化最后一段ItistooearlytotellwhetherthepositivechangesbroughtbyAIwilloutweightherisk人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险现在下结论还为时过早由此可知下文Looktheotherwaythoughandthereareplentyofpotentialpitfalls的意思是尽管如此看看其他方式有很多潜在的风险pitfalls的意思是风险Aconsequences结果Brisks风险Ceffects影响Dbenefits利益故选B19主旨大意题第一段JanustheRomangodhastwofaceslookinginoppositedirectionsSodoesartificialintelligenceAI杰纳斯罗马的神有两张脸朝相反的方向人工智能AI也是如此是全文的主题句结合全文内容可知这篇文章主要讲了人工智能是一把双刃剑故选A20推理判断题根据最后一段ItistooearlytotellwhetherthepositivechangesbroughtbyAIwilloutweightheriskButitwillputanendtotraditionalwaysofdoingthingsandstartaneweraforbusinessandfortheworldatlarge人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险现在下结论还为时过早但它将终结传统的做事方式开启一个商业和整个世界的新时代由此推断出作者对人工智能的态度是客观的故选A通过对关键词关键短语或者是关键的句子的把握是解决推理判断题的重要解题方法之一它们往往隐藏着深层的意思小题4根据最后一段ItistooearlytotellwhetherthepositivechangesbroughtbyAIwilloutweightheriskButitwillputanendtotraditionalwaysofdoingthingsandstartaneweraforbusinessandfortheworldatlarge人工智能带来的积极变化是否会超过风险现在下结论还为时过早但它将终结传统的做事方式开启一个商业和整个世界的新时代由此推断出作者对人工智能的态度是客观的故选A