2022-2023学年高二英语阅读理解分类练习题 议论文 （含答案）.doc

高二阅读理解分类练习题议论文篇一文章类型议论文往往有观点有事实逻辑性强命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手考查我们的思维能力和判断能力议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样可以有主旨大意细节理解推理判断词义猜测等几种出题方式篇较多考察说明文二满分技巧1重视文章标题找准全文主题句把握文章主旨2细读文章注意文章细节理解3理解整体语篇掌握作者意图4多读多背扩大词汇量掌握猜词技巧课中练习Passage4TomeShakespeareisabitofatouchysubjectinthetheatreindustryIbelieveShakespearesplaystobethemostchallengingintermsoflanguageWhenyouhavechallenginglanguagethenunderstandingtheplotandtopicswillbecomeachallengeaswellItslikeachainIfyoudontunderstanditfromthestartitmakesthingshardlateronandpeopletendtogiveuponitRegardlessofallofthisIbelieveShakespeareisimportantinthesensethatitswheretruetheatrestartedWilliamShakespeareisanameeveryoneknowsregardlessofwhetheryouenjoyhisworksornotManyhighschoolsorcollegesputonatleastoneShakespeareplayeveryfewyearsandIlikethatIthinkitsimportanttoexposestudentstoplaysthatareabitmorechallengingthantheyusedtobeOfcourseitsnoteasytounderstandtheseplaysbutthenthinkaboutthepeoplewhoactinthoseplaysWhenactingyouhavetounderstandyourcharacterandnotonlythatyouneedtocompletelyknoweverythinggoingonaroundyouaswellSotounderstandthescript剧本isonethingbuttoactinaShakespeareplayisawholeanotherthingHowaboutmemorizingthelinesThatsoneofthehardestthingsactorshavetogetthroughItissuchheightenedlanguagethatitsalmostlikelearningaforeignlanguageShakespeareistoughandthatswhatIthinkIloveitthemostThechallengeisunderstandingOnceyouhavethatthenyouhaveroomtoplaywithitThereforeifpeoplewalkedintoaShakespeareplaywithmoreofanopenmindtheirexperiencewouldbesomuchbetterThereisalargeamountofexplorationanddiscoveryinhisplaysandtheexperiencecanbereallysatisfyingItshardstuffbutitsfascinatingandweshouldbeembracingit1WhatsthebiggestchallengeinunderstandingShakespearesplaysAThechallenginglanguageBThevarietyofitstopicCThecomplicatedplotDThememorablecharacters2WhatstheauthorsattitudetowardsputtingonShakespearesplaysatcollegesACriticalBCautiousCFavorableDIndifferent3WhatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledowhenenjoyingShakespearesplaysAActthemoutBRememberthelinesinthemCLearnShakespeareslanguageDEnjoythemwithanopenmind4WhatisthetextmainlyaboutAThecharacteristicsofShakespearesplaysBTheplotsandtopicsofShakespearesplaysCTheimportanceandwayofenjoyingShakespearesplaysDThestressfromperformingShakespearesplays一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义touchyadjindustryplotvnchainnexposevmemorizevexplorationn二长难句翻译1ThereforeifpeoplewalkedintoaShakespeareplaywithmoreofanopenmindtheirexperiencewouldbesomuchbetter2RegardlessofallofthisIbelieveShakespeareisimportantinthesensethatitswheretruetheatrestartedWilliamShakespeareisanameeveryoneknowsregardlessofwhetheryouenjoyhisworksornotPassage2IverecentlyfoundmyselfwonderingifIcoulddowithoutGoogleMapsItisIthinktheonlyapponmyphoneIdreallymisswereItoswapmysmartphoneforadumbonethathandlesonlycallsandtextmessagesWhyamIthinkingaboutthisItsbecauseeverytimeItrytoreadabookIenduppickingupmyphoneinsteadIkeepinterruptingmyowntrainofthoughtinordertodosomethingthatIdontconsciouslywanttodoThisisnotaccidentalDevelopershavebecomeevenmoreunashamedintheirattemptstokeepushookedonoursmartphonesSomeofthemspeakinthelanguageofaddictionandbehaviouralpsychologythoughmostpreferthetermpersuasivetechInitselfpersuasivetechisnotanewideaanacademicnamedBJFogghasbeenrunningclassesfromapersuasivetechlabatStanfordsincethelate1990sButassmartphoneownershiphasrocketedandsocialmediasiteshavebeenbornpersuasivetechhasvastlyexpandeditsreachOnecompanyDopamineLabsnamedforthechemicalreleasedintherewardcenterofthebrainoffersaservicetotechbusinesseswantingtokeepusersengagedFounderRamsayBrowntellsmehewantspeopletounderstandthattheirthoughtsandfeelingsareonthetableasthingsthatcanbecontrolledanddesignedHethinksthereshouldbemoreconversationaroundthepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesbeingusedWebelieveeveryonehasarighttocognitivelibertyandtobuildthekindofmindtheywanttoliveinhesaysTheposterchildoftheresistancemovementagainstaddictiveappsisformerGoogledesignethicistTristanHarrisHethinksthepowertochangethesystemliesnotwithappdevelopersbutwiththehardwareprovidersIn2014HarrisfoundedTimeWellSpentagroupthatcampaignsformoremoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopersAnytechbusinessthatreliesonadvertisingprofitsismotivatedtoholditsusersonlineforaslongaspossibleHarrissaysThismeansappsarespecificallydesignedtokeepusinthemAppleontheotherhandwantstosellphonesbutdoesnthaveaprofitstreamsotightlyconnectedtotheamountoftimeitscustomersspendonlineHarrishopesthatcompanieslikeApplecouldusetheirinfluencetoencouragemoremorallydesignedappsWhileIwaitforAppletosortthisoutIfindmyselflongingforsomethingcalledaLightPhoneacreditcardsizedhandsetthatdoesabsolutelynothingbutmakeandreceivecallsPricetag150SeemsexpensiveButthecompanyswebsiteisverypersuasive1AccordingtotheauthorwhatmakesussogluedtooursmartphonesAPeoplesinbornbehavioursBAppdevelopersintentionCUserfriendlyappsDHardwareproviders2DopamineLabssfounderbelievesthatAtechbusinesseshavegonetoofarincontrollingusersmindsBpersuasivetechnologiesaredangeroustouserscognitivelibertyCthepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesdeservesmoreattentionDeveryonecanlivethelifetheydesirebyusingpersuasivetechnologies3WhichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedwordsTheposterchildinparagraph5ATheadvertiserBTheadvocateCTheopponentDThefounder一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义swapvinterruptattemptvnpersuasiveadjownershipnprofitnvtightlyadv二长难句翻译1ThisisnotaccidentalDevelopershavebecomeevenmoreunashamedintheirattemptstokeepushookedonoursmartphones2HethinksthepowertochangethesystemliesnotwithappdevelopersbutwiththehardwareprovidersIn2014HarrisfoundedTimeWellSpentagroupthatcampaignsformoremoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopersPassage3InaneconomywheredataischanginghowcompaniescreatevalueandcompeteexpertspredictthatusingartificialintelligenceAlatalargerscalewilladdasmuchasI57trilliontotheglobaleconomyby2030AsAlischanginghowcompaniesworkmanybelievethatwhodoesthisworkwillchangetooandthatorganizationswillbegintoreplacehumanemployeeswithintelligentmachinesThisisalreadyhappeningintelligentsystemsaredisplacinghumansinmanufacturingservicedeliveryrecruitmentandthefinancialindustryconsequentlymovinghumanworkerstowardslowerpaidjobsormakingthemunemployedThistrendhasledsometoconcludethatin2040ourworkforcemaybetotallyunrecognizableArehumansandmachinereallyincompetitionwitheachotherthoughThehistoryofworkparticularlysincetheIndustrialRevolutionisthehistoryofpeopletransferringtheirlabortomachinesWhilethatbeganwithroterepetitivephysicaltaskslikeweavingmachineshaveevolvedtothepointwheretheycannowdowhatwemightthinkofascomplexcognitiveworksuchasmathequationsrecognizinglanguageandspeechandwritingMachinesthusseemreadytoreproducetheworkofourmindsandnotjustourbodiesInthe21stcenturyAlisevolvingtobesuperiortohumansinmanytaskswhichmakesthatweseemreadytotransferourintelligencetotechnologyWiththislatesttrenditseemsliketheresnothingthatcantsoonbeautomatedmeaningthatnojobissafefrombeingoffloadedtomachinesThisvisionofthefutureofworkhastakentheshapeofazerosumgameinwhichtherecanonlybeonewinnerWebelievehoweverthatthisviewoftheroleAlwillplayintheworkplaceiswrongThequestionofwhetherAlwillreplacehumanworkersassumesthatAlandhumanshavethesamequalitiesandabilitiesbutinrealitytheydontAlbasedmachinesarefastmoreaccurateandconsistentlyrationalbuttheyarentintuitiveemotionalorculturallysensitiveAnditsexactlytheseabilitiesthathumanspossessandwhichmakeuseffective1HowdoesAlinfluencehumanlifeaccordingtoParagraph1AItincreaseshugeeconomiccostsBItdominatescompanysfutureCItmakesworkforcetotallyunnecessaryDItchangestraditionalworkingways2WhatpointhavemachinesevolvedtotodayADoingrepetitiveworkBDoingphysicaltasksCDoingtranslationworkDDoingreproducingtasks3WhichsidesareinvolvedinthezerosumgameAAlbasedmachineandhumansBMindsandbodiesCFutureandpastDImaginationandReality4WhatisthelastparagraphmainlyaboutAAlplaysavitalroleintheworkplaceBHumanhasitsownadvantagesoverAlCAlandhumanshavethesamequalitiesDAlissuretoreplacehumansoneday一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义artificialadjdeliveryfinancialadjreplacevconsequentlyadvunrecognizableadjassumev二长难句翻译1Thisisalreadyhappeningintelligentsystemsaredisplacinghumansinmanufacturingservicedeliveryrecruitmentandthefinancialindustryconsequentlymovinghumanworkerstowardslowerpaidjobsormakingthemunemployed2AlbasedmachinesarefastmoreaccurateandconsistentlyrationalbuttheyarentintuitiveemotionalorculturallysensitivePassage4GrowingupaskidswearetoldtoshareourtoysandnottobeselfishWealsoliveinanagewhendiscussingourfeelingsisencouragedButwhendoesitallbecometoomuchWithnewcrazestrendingallthetimesuchasdancechallengesandwearingacarpetasadressthequestioniswhencansharingbecomeoversharingonsocialmediaOversharinghasbecomeassociatedwithsocialmediabutitisntexclusivetothisplatformImagineyouheadtoapartyandmeetxkwsomeoneWithinfiveminutestheyhaverevealedprivatedetailsabouttheirlifeWhilesomeofusmaytrytoescapethesepeopleaccordingtomarriageadvisorCarolynColethisformofoversharingcouldcomefromastrongdesiretoconnectwithsomeoneButhowdoesthistranslatetosocialmediaDrChristopherHandalecturerincyberpsychology网络心理学saysthemoredetailspeopledisclosethelesssympathyweexpresswhenthingsgowrongItseemsthatsearchingforsympathybyoversharingisgenerallyconsideredasnegativeratherthanthecryforhelpitcouldreallybeHoweverDrHandsresearchalsoseemstosuggestthatthemorewepostonaplatformthemoresociallyattractivewebecomeprovidedthatthepoststhatwebangoutarepositiveEvenbackin2015GwendolynSeidmanPhDsaidthatweshouldavoidcomplainingandbeingnegativeonlineWeshouldalsoavoidshowingoffespeciallyaboutourlovelivesItmakessenseifyourdateisgoingthatwellwouldyoureallyhavetimetoshareaphotowithtextSohowcanyouknowifyouareoversharingWellwhynotaskyourfriendsinreallifeTheywouldprobablybehappytotellyouifyourpostsaboutyourbreakfastoryourcomplaintsaboutyourlackofmoneyreallyaretoomuch1Whatdoestheunderlinedwordexclusiveinparagraph2meanAUniqueBSimilarCRelevantDFundamental2WhydosomepeoplepreferoversharingatpartiesATodrawothersattentionBTosatisfyotherscuriosityCToremovenegativefeelingsDTodevelopgoodrelationships3WhichofthefollowingmayDrHandagreewithASharingmoredetailsonlinecanattractmoresympathyBOversharingnegativeexperiencesisequaltocryingforhelpCSharingnegativepostscanthelponebecomesociallyattractiveDOversharingisntlikelytohappenonlinewhenthingsgowrong4AccordingtothetextwhatshouldbeavoidedforonlinesharingAReflectingonpastbadmannersBShowingagreatmanyexpensivegoodsCWritingarecipeforabalancedbreakfastDRecordingunforgettablemomentswithfriends一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义selfishadjcarpetplatformnprivateadjsympathynattractiveadjpositivev二长难句翻译1WhilesomeofusmaytrytoescapethesepeopleaccordingtomarriageadvisorCarolynColethisformofoversharingcouldcomefromastrongdesiretoconnectwithsomeone2HoweverDrHandsresearchalsoseemstosuggestthatthemorewepostonaplatformthemoresociallyattractivewebecomeprovidedthatthepoststhatwebangoutarepositivePassage5JeffBezoshasaruleatAmazonorperhapsmoreappropriateaphilosophyIfateamcannotbefedbytwopizzasthenthatteamistoolargeThereasoningisquitestraightforwardandbasicMorepeoplemeansmorecommunicationmorebureaucracymorechaosandmoreofprettymucheverythingthatslowsthingsdownhencewhylargeorganizationsareoftentimesconsideredasbeingsoinefficientIn2013GallupreleasedareportcalledTheStateofTheAmericanWorkplaceinwhichtheyfoundthatsmallercompanieshadmoreengagedemployeesInfact42ofemployeesworkingatcompaniesof10orfewerwereengagedatworkversusonly30ofemployeesatlargecompaniesMostpeoplearenotfamiliarwiththeRingelmannEffectwhichisthetendencyforindividualmemberstobecomelessproductiveasthesizeofagroupincreasesThisconceptwasnamedafterMaximilienRingelmannaFrenchprofessorofagriculturalengineeringwhopassedawayin1931InoneofhisexperimentsheaskedvolunteerstoperformaverysimpletasktopullonaropeHefoundthatwhenonlyonepersonispullingontheropetheygive100oftheirefforthoweverasmorepeopleareaddedtheindividualeffortgoesdownThisexperimentwasrecreatedinthe1970sbyAlanInghamwhocameupwiththeconceptofsocialloafingwhichhelpsusunderstandwhytheindividualeffortdecreasesastheteamsizeincreasesSowhydoesthishappenBecauseitbecomeshardertoextracttheindividualcontributionsandperformanceofeachpersonOrganizationsshouldreallythinkaboutwhattheirteamstructureslooklikeandcreateandfollowsimilartwopizzarulesItsnocoincidencethatsmallerorganizationsareoftentimesmorenimblewhilelargeorganizationslookliketheyarestuckinthemud1Whatistheauthorspurposeofmentioningtwopizzarulesinparagraph1ATomakeacommentBTointroducethetopicCToprovideanexampleDToanalyzeaphenomenon2WhatisspecialabouttheAlanInghamsexperimentAItrepeatedtheRingelmannEffectexperimentBItwasbasedonasimpletaskofpullingaropeCItaimedtoexplorethereasonbehindthephenomenonDItrevealedthelinkbetweenteamsizeandindividualeffort3WhichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedwordnimbleinthelastparagraphABalancedBComplicatedCSimpleDFlexible4WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextAWhatMakesaTeamMoreProductiveBWhyAreSmallerTeamsBetterThanLargerOnesCHowCanTwoPizzasBeSharedbyOneTeamDWhichIsMoreImportantIndividualEffortrTeamSize一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义appropriateadjstraightforwardtendencynagriculturaladjproductiveadjextractvstructurenv二长难句翻译1Morepeoplemeansmorecommunicationmorebureaucracymorechaosandmoreofprettymucheverythingthatslowsthingsdownhencewhylargeorganizationsareoftentimesconsideredasbeingsoinefficient2Itsnocoincidencethatsmallerorganizationsareoftentimesmorenimblewhilelargeorganizationslookliketheyarestuckinthemud课后练习1补救练习Passage1LookingforaplacetotakearestsipacupofcoffeeandhaveafurrycompanionWelcometoanimalthemedcafesInrecentyearsthecombinationofpetsandcateringhasbecomeincrediblypopularinmanycitiesthroughoutChinaWhilemanycafesstartedoutofferingthecompanyofcatsanddogsothersareexpandingtheirrangeSomecafesincludeanimalslikesquirrelsraccoonsandevencapybarasInreviewsinternetusershavecommentedthattheirmainreasonforvisitingthesebusinessesistointeractcloselywithanimalstheyhaveonlyseenfromafarThecustomersloveanimalsTheyarecuriousaboutthesepetsandwanttoraiseoneathomebutcircumstancesdontallowitsaidpetcafeownerTianRuiLiuJingaBeijingresidentwhoworksinfinancelovespigsbutherparentswouldnotendorsehergettingoneasapetThe24yearoldhadtoadmiretheanimalsthroughvideosandimagesButnowshecanhaveclosecontactwithanadorablepigeveryweekendinapetcafeAlsothesepetcafesserveasashelterforthosewhofindcomfortinbeingaroundanimalsInthisplaceyoucangetclosetothecutelittleonesinaverycomfortablewaywithouthavingtoworryaboutsafetyandhygiene卫生overallitisanextremelycomfortableexperiencesaidZhaoMingfromTianjin30afrequentpetcafevisitorAnimalloversalsoexpectthepetcafestochangepeoplesattitudestowardpetsAnimalslikeduckspigsandsheephavebeenservedasfoodformanyyearsPeoplehardlyseethemaspetsButthepetcafeshelpshifttheirattitudefromseeingthemasplaythingstoregardingthemasfamilymembersorclosefriendsWhetherathomeorinstorestheselittleanimalsarethereforcompanionshipandtheybringwarmthtoourheartsTheycareandunderstandjustlikefamilymembersTheygiveusmuchmorethanthelovewegivetothemZhaosaid1WhydopeoplevisitpetcafesATopursueinnerpeaceBToappreciateanimalimagesCToexperienceacleanenvironmentDTohaveclosecontactwithanimals2WhatdoestheunderlinedwordendorseinParagraph4meanABelieveinBApproveofCPreventDSuspect3WecanconcludefromParagraph6thatpetcafesmayAchangeourviewsofanimalsBteachushowtolookafterpetsbetterCshowustheimportanceofhavingpetsDremindustovalueourfamilyandfriends4WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetextACafesEnjoyGreatPopularityBIdealSheltersforLovelyAnimalsCAnimalsTurnintoCompanionsDAnimalLoversfromDifferentCities一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义companionnexpandrangencommentnvinteractvcircumstancenfrequentadj二长难句翻译1Butthepetcafeshelpshifttheirattitudefromseeingthemasplaythingstoregardingthemasfamilymembersorclosefriends2AnimalloversalsoexpectthepetcafestochangepeoplesattitudestowardpetsPassage2In2019morethan14millionyoungpeoplearoundtheglobetookpartintheSchoolStrikesforClimateActionproteststhatwerelargelyadvocatedby17yearoldSwedishactivistGretaThunbergTheinspirationalyoungSwedewhileamediafavouriteisfarfromthefirstorlastyoungpersontofightforabetterenvironmentalfutureWiththeriseofsocialmediainrecentyearswebsitessuchasYouTubeprovideaccessiblecoverageonecologicalmattersthatquicklygathermillionsofviewsandlinkstonewscientificinformationareeasilysharedbetweenpeersButitsnotjustonlineresearchthatexposesthetruthanditsnotadistantthreateitherClimatechangeishappeningaroundusaswespeakanincreaseofdroughtsandheatwavesmeansalossofcropproductionandoneandahalfacresofforestiscutdowneverysecondOfcoursejustbecauseyoungpeoplearenowreadilyarmedwithstatisticssuchasthesedoesntmeanalladultswilleagerlylistentothemManywriteoffyoungactivistssimplyduetotheirageandothersstillarentwillingtoseetheenvironmentalchallengeswefacebutthatdoesntmeanadifferencecantbemadeAstudyonparticipantsaged1624intheUNclimatenegotiationsrevealedthatadultsperceivedyoungeractivistsasbeingmoretrustworthyduetothelackoffinancialincentives刺激tobethereYoungactivistsoftenhaveanindependentviewofwhatsgoingonandbeingfreefrompoliticstheyoftensaywhatadultsarentwillingtoSoitseemsachievingacarbonneutralworldinthefixturemightdependonyoungdeterminedvoicesinspiringexperiencedadultswhocanmakeadifference1WhyisGretaThunbergmentionedinthefirstparagraphAToshowthattheyoungactivistsareplayingapartBTogiveanintroductiontoGretaThunbergCToillustratetheseriousnessofclimatechangeDToarousereadersinterestinenvironmentalprotection2Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasewriteoffinparagraph3probablymeanAConsiderunimportantBTakeseriouslyCGiveupDWritedown3whatdoesparagraph4focusonAThewayyoungactivistsworkBTheadvantagesyoungactivistshaveCThecontributionsyoungactivistsmakeDTheviewsyoungactivistshold4WhichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextAGretaThunberganoutstandingactivistBClimatechangeamatterneedingeveryonesattentionCTheriseofsocialmediamakesecologicalmattersaccessibleDTheyoungaremakingadifferencetotheenvironmentalfuture一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义protestnvinspirationalaccessibleadjecologicaladjstatisticsneagerlyadvpoliticsn二长难句翻译1OfcoursejustbecauseyoungpeoplearenowreadilyarmedwithstatisticssuchasthesedoesntmeanalladultswilleagerlylistentothemManywriteoffyoungactivistssimplyduetotheirage2Astudyonparticipantsaged1624intheUNclimatenegotiationsrevealedthatadultsperceivedyoungeractivistsasbeingmoretrustworthyduetothelackoffinancialincentives刺激tobethereYoungactivistsoftenhaveanindependentviewofwhatsgoingonandbeingfreefrompoliticstheyoftensaywhatadultsarentwillingtoPassage3StayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingsickanewAmericanstudysuggestsInanexperimentthatexposedhealthyvolunteerstoacoldorfluvirusresearchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerallysunnycharacterwerelesslikelytofailillThefindingspublishedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicinebuildonevidencethatapositiveemotionalstylecanhelpwardoffthecommoncoldandotherillnessPeoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavedifferentimmune免疫的responsestothevirusexplainedleadstudyauthorDrSheldonCohenofCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburghAndwhentheydogetacoldtheymayinterprettheirillnessasbeinglesssevereCohenandhiscolleagueshasfoundinapreviousstudythathappierpeopleseemedlesslikelytocatchacoldbutsomequestionsremainedastowhethertheemotionalqualityitselfhadtheeffectForthenewstudytheresearchershad193healthyadultscompletestandardmeasuresofpersonalityqualitiesphysicalshealthandemotionalstyleThosewhotendedtobehappyenergeticandeasygoingwerejudgedashavingapositiveemotionalstylewhilethosewhowereoftenunhappytenseandhostile敌意的hadanegativestyleAfterwardstheresearchersgavethemnosedropscontainingeitheracoldvirusoraparticularfluvirusthatcausesflulikesymptomsOverthenextsixdaysthevolunteersreportedonanyachespainssneezingtheyhadCohenandhiscolleaguesfoundthathappypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacoldWhatsmorewhenhappyfolksdiddevelopacoldtheirsymptomswerelessseverethanexpectedbasedonobjectivemeasuresIncontrastpeoplewithnegativecharacterswerenotatincreasedriskofdevelopingacoldbasedonobjectivemeasuresthoughtheydidtendtogetdownabouttheirsymptomsWefindthatitsreallypositiveemotionsthathavethebigeffectCohensaidnotthenegativeonesSocanabadtemperedpersonfightacoldbydecidingtobehappy1Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasewardoffinparagraph3meanAGetclosetoBKeepawayfromCGetusedtoDGoonwith2WhatwasthepurposeofCohensnewstudyATofindeffectivewaystofightillnessesBTotestpeoplesdifferentimmuneresponsestocoldvirusCTotelldifferencesbetweenhappypeopleandunhappypeopleDToexaminewhetherhealthwasrelatedtoemotionalstyles3HowdidCohenreachhisconclusionABycomparingdifferentexperimentalresultsBByaskingthevolunteerstocompletenformCBycollectingdataamongpeoplewithncoldDByobservingthevolunteerssymptoms4WhatcanweconcludefromthetextASuccessisthetwinofpositivespiritsBWegetmorebybeingmorepositiveCThehappierwearethefewercoldswewillsufferDPhysicalhealthismoreimportantthanmentalhealth一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义defensenexperimentcharacternevidencenpreviousadjqualitynenergeticadj二长难句翻译1Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingsick2Incontrastpeoplewithnegativecharacterswerenotatincreasedriskofdevelopingacoldbasedonobjectivemeasuresthoughtheydidtendtogetdownabouttheirsymptoms2巩固练习Passage1AdecadeagoattheendofmyfirstsemesterteachingatCaptainmystudentJackstoppedbyforofficehoursHesatdownandburstintotearsMymindstartedcyclingthroughalistofeventsthatcouldmakeacollegejuniorcryHisgirlfriendhadbrokenupwithhimhehadbeenaccusedofcheatinginexamsheforgottoturninpapersbeforethedeadlineIjustgotmyfirstAminushesaidYearafteryearIwatchindepressionasstudentsarecrazyaboutgettingstraightAsSomesacrificetheirhealthafewhaveeventriedtochargetheirschoolafterfailureTheybelievetopmarksareatickettoelitegraduateschoolsandrewardingjobopportunitiesIwasoneofthemIstartedcollegewiththegoalofgraduatingwithaGPAof40ItwouldbeareflectionofmybrainpowerandwillpowershowingthatIhadtherightthingstosucceedButIwaswrongTheevidenceisclearAcrossindustriesresearchshowsthattheassociationbetweengradesandjobperformanceismodestinthefirstyearaftercollegeandinsignificantwithinahandfulofyearsForexampleatMicrosoftonceemployeesaretwoorthreeyearsoutofcollegetheirgradeshavenothingtodowiththeirperformanceOfcourseitmustbesaidthatifyougotDsyouprobablywouldntendupatMicrosoftAcademicgradesrarelyassessqualitieslikecreativityleadershipandteamworkskillsorsocialemotionalandpoliticalintelligenceYesstraightAstudentsmasterlargeamountsofinformationandreproduceitinexamsButcareersuccessisrarelyaboutfindingtherightsolutiontoaproblemitsmoreaboutfindingtherightproblemtosolveThismightexplainwhySteveJobsfinishedhighschoolwithaGPAof265andMartinLutherKingJrgotonlyoneAinhisfouryearsatMorehouse1WhydidJackfeelsadAHisgirlfriendabandonedhimBHewascaughtcheatinginexamsCHefailedtogetstraightAsDHedidnthandinhispaperintime2WhatdidtheauthoroncebelieveAItwaswrongtocaretoomuchaboutmarksBFailurewasschoolsfaultCMarksdidntreflectwillpowerandbrainpowerDTopmarksmeantwellpaidjoboffers3WhyaretheemployeesatMicrosoftmentionedAToindicateacademicperformanceisimportantBTostressthecompanyvaluesemployeeswithtopmarksCTointroducesuccessfulexamplesinthetechnologyindustryDToshowacademicexcellenceisntastrongpredictorofcareerperformance4WhatshouldpeoplefocusmoreontosucceedAHowtosolveaproblemBWhatproblemtobesolvedCHowtobeacreativeleaderDWhattodowithdetailedinformation一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义semesternaccusecheatvndepressionnchargevnassociationnassessv二长难句翻译1ItwouldbeareflectionofmybrainpowerandwillpowershowingthatIhadtherightthingstosucceed2TheevidenceisclearAcrossindustriesresearchshowsthattheassociationbetweengradesandjobperformanceismodestinthefirstyearaftercollegeandinsignificantwithinahandfulofyearsPassage2AsstayathomeordersrelieveandcitiesreopenforbusinessmanydoctorsandhospitaladministratorsarecallingforaquickreturnofhealthcaretoprepandemiclevelsFormonthsnowroutinecarehasbeenpostponedElectiveproceduresbigmoneymakerswerestoppedsothathospitalscouldtransferresourcestotreatingCovid19patientsRoutineclinicvisitswerecanceledorreplacedbyonlinesessionsThishasresultedingreatfinanciallossesforhospitalsandclinicsHospitalshavebeenforcedtoreduceemployeesorcutpayMostpatientsontheotherhandatleastthosewithstablechronic慢性的conditionsseemtohavedoneOKInarecentsurveyonlyoneintenrespondentssaidtheirhealthorafamilymembershealthhadworsenedasaresultofdelayedcareEightysixpercentsaidtheirhealthhadstayedaboutthesameAdmittedlypostponinghealthcarehadterriblehealthconsequencesforsomepatientswithnonCovid19illnessesStillamajorityofpatientsseemtohavedonebetterthanwhatmostdoctorsexpectedItwillprobablytakeyearstounderstandwhyHoweverperhapsAmericansdontrequirethevolume体积ofcarethattheirdoctorsareusedtoprovidingItiswellrecognizedthatasubstantialamountofhealthcareinAmericaiswastefulaccountingforhundredsofbillionsofdollarsofthetotalhealthcarebudgetWastefulcareisdrivenbymanyforcesdefensivemedicinebydoctorstryingtoavoidlawsuitsthehighpricesthatAmericandoctorsandhospitalschargealackofconsensusaboutwhichtreatmentsareeffectiveandthewidespreadbeliefthatnewermoreexpensivetechnologyisalwaysbetterInasurveyafewyearsagotwothirdsofdoctorsintheUnitedStatesadmittedthatbetween15percentand30percentofhealthcareisprobablyunnecessaryStudiessuggestthatupto20percentofsurgeriesinsomespecialtiesareunnecessaryIfyoursurgerywaspostponedbecauseofthepandemicitisworthhavingaconversationwithyourdoctoraboutwhetheritisstillneededManyinstitutionsareusingthisdifficulttimeinournationshistorytomakechangesThehealthcaresystemshoulddothesame1WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutAHospitalsandclinicsinAmericaaresufferingagreatlossBDoctorsandhospitalsinAmericaarecallingforthereturnofhealthcareCAlargeamountofhealthcareinAmericaisunnecessaryDMostpatientshealthinAmericahadbecomeworsebecauseofstayathomeorders2ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAhospitalsandclinicsinAmericausedtomakealotofmoneyBmostpatientsseemtohavebeeninstableconditionswithoutanytreatmentCmostdoctorsareprovidingtoolittlehealthcareonpurposeDmostpeopledonotneedasurgeryifitispostponedbecauseofthepandemic3Whatisdefensivemedicineinparagraph4meanAThemedicinetodefendthediseaseBThemedicinetoprotectthepatientsCThemedicinetohelpthedoctorsavoidtroublesDThemedicinetohelpthedoctorstreatpatientsbetter4TheauthormentionsManyinstitutionsareusingthisdifficulttimeinournationshistorytomakechangesinthelastparagraphtoindicatethatAitisdifficulttomakeachangeinhistoryBmanyinstitutionshavemadechangesinhistoryCthehealthcaresystemmaygothroughahardtimeDthehealthcaresystemneedstomakesomechanges一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义relievevpostponeprocedurentransfervsessionnsubstantialadjinstitutionn二长难句翻译1FormonthsnowroutinecarehasbeenpostponedElectiveproceduresbigmoneymakerswerestoppedsothathospitalscouldtransferresourcestotreatingCovid19patientsRoutineclinicvisitswerecanceledorreplacedbyonlinesessionsThishasresultedingreatfinanciallossesforhospitalsandclinics2HoweverperhapsAmericansdontrequirethevolumeofcarethattheirdoctorsareusedtoprovidingPassage3TherewasatimewhenaneventwouldnotbeginwithoutaphotographerIrememberthedayswheneventorganiserswouldevendelayashowifthephotographerwasrunninglatesaysBalachandraRajuaphotographerofSathyamstudioastillsurvivingphotostudioinIndiassoutherncityofChennaiPhotostudiosarefacingextinctioninthedigitalageButastheystruggletocontinuedoingthebusinessoneresearchprojectislookingatwaystopreservetheirlegacy遗产bydigitisingarchival档案的picturesTheprojectfundedbytheBritishLibraryvisitedaround100photostudiosacrossthesouthIndianstateofTamilNaduanddigitised10000printsManyofthephotosweretakenbetween18801980andtheyrangedfrompicturesoffamiliesandfamousstarstoweddingsandfuneralsThedigitalarchivewillbeanasset有用之物forthoseinterestedinhistorysaidZoeEHeadleyoneoftheresearchersRameshKumaranotherresearcherontheprojectcalleditagoldmineforphotographersTheresearchwevedonealsohighlightsproductiontechniquesusedbeforedigitalphotographyarrivedinourcitiesandtownshesaidHowevertheresearcherswouldoftenfindoldphotosstacked难叠ontopofoneanotherinthestorageroomofastudioNoonehadbotheredtocleanthemKumarsaidaddingthatmanyphotoshadbeendamagedduetothehotandwetweatherinTamilNaduTheownerofNallapillaistudioincentralTamilNadusaidhespendsabout20000rupees230310eachmonthtorunthestudiothatwasfoundedbyhisgreatgrandfatheralmost150yearsagoTosurviveinthisdigitalagehasbeenastruggleManycustomersdontbookusforspecialeventsanymorehesaidaddingthattheyhaveallgotsmartphonestodothejobImnotsureifphotostudioswillexistfiveyearsfromnowhesaidButthisiswhyaccordingtoMrRajuthisarchivalprojectissoimportantWhentheresearchersspenthoursinmystudioIsawthemgetexcitedoveralloftheseoldphotosanditwasliketheyhadgiventhesepicturesasecondchanceRajusaid1WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph1APhotographerswerelazyBPhotographywasvaluedCExpertphotographerswerefewDEventorganiserswerethemostimportant2HowmighttheprojectpreservephotostudioslegacyAPhotostudioscanattractmanyvisitorsBPhotographerscanhaveagoodworkingplaceCPhotographersgettolearnaboutoldphotographytechniquesDPhotostudioshavethechancetotakepicturesoffamousstars3WhathastheresearchersfoundASomephotostudiosaredoingwellBPhotostudiosarebookedforspecialeventsCSomephotostudiossufferfrombadweatherDPhotostudiosgiveoldpictureslittleprotection4WhatisRajusattitudetowardstheprojectAHopefulBAnxiousCDisapprovingDOpposed一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义delayvextinctiondigitaladjpreservevdamagenvstrugglenvsurvivev二长难句翻译1RameshKumaranotherresearcherontheprojectcalleditagoldmineforphotographersTheresearchwevedonealsohighlightsproductiontechniquesusedbeforedigitalphotographyarrivedinourcitiesandtownshesaid2ButthisiswhyaccordingtoMrRajuthisarchivalprojectissoimportantWhentheresearchersspenthoursinmystudioIsawthemgetexcitedoveralloftheseoldphotosanditwasliketheyhadgiventhesepicturesasecondchanceRajusaid3提高练习Passage1HowcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironmentsmostlyforentertainmentpurposesisfairandrespectfulZooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimalsHowevermostzoosremaincollectionsofinterestingthingsratherthanprotectivehabitatsZoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsboredlonelyandfarfromtheirnaturalhomesZoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspeciesbutvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimalsnaturalbehaviorintelligenceorbeautyZooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcagesandmostsignsonlymentionthespeciesnamedietandnaturalrange分布区TheanimalsnormalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdontusuallytakecareoftheanimalsnaturalneedsTheanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaceswithnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexerciseThisresultsinunusuallyselfdestructivebehaviorcalledzoochosisAworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcagesAnotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebarsandbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforthasignofunhappinessandpainFurthermoremostanimalsinzoosarenotendangeredCaptivebreeding圈养繁殖ofendangeredbigcatsAsianelephantsandotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewildZoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingoutInfactbabyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomersHaventweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimalsActuallywewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthemInsteadofsupportingzoosweshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimalsnaturalhabitats1InthestateofzoochosisanimalsAremainincagesBbehavestrangelyCattackotheranimalsDenjoymovingaround2WhatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassageAZoosarenotworththepublicsupportBZoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimalsCZoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeingsDZoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment3TheauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlybyApointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdoBusingevidencehehascollectedatzoosCquestioningthewayanimalsareprotectedDdiscussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitats4AlthoughhearguesagainstzoostheauthorwouldstillagreethatAzooshavetokeepanimalsinsmallcagesBmostanimalsinzoosareendangeredspeciesCsomeendangeredanimalsarereproducedinzoosDitsacceptabletokeepanimalsawayfromtheirhabitats一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义entertainmentnofficialprotectiveadjintelligencenprivacynmentaladjspeciesv二长难句翻译1Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebarsandbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforthasignofunhappinessandpain2TheanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaceswithnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexerciseThisresultsinunusuallyselfdestructivebehaviorcalledzoochosisPassage2TeenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldalonehavebeenmakingheadlinesquiteoftenAyoungpersonaloneinadangeroussituationattractsattentionandsponsorsYoungsailorsalsoattractvariousviewsForexampleJessicaWatsonwasaskedbythegovernmenttocancelhervoyageyetthePrimeMinistercalledheraheroforyoungAustralianswhenshereturnedItseemedthereisconfusionaboutthecompetenceandindependenceofyoungpeopleThepopularpsychologiststellusthatteenagebrainsarelikelytomakewrongjudgmentsButsuchideasoftendonotapplytospecificindividualsBetweentheagesof14and18teenagersvarygreatlyintheirabilitiesTheamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelatedresponsibleadultsSometeensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcapableofchildishmistakesbuttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhardheadedandwellqualifiedadultsupportersButitsalsowrongtothinkthatany16yearoldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatsonsWatsoncallsherselfanordinarygirlwhohadadreamHerintentionistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthemShouldallteenshavesuchdreamsActuallyindividualsfacevaryingcircumstancesthatrestricttheirdreamsTeenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldaloneshouldnotbejudgedbypreconceived事先形成的viewsaboutyoungpeopleNorshouldyoungordinaryteenagersfeelpressuretolongforextraordinarypersonalgoalsInfactIbelievetheexampleofsolosailingoverstressesindividualismTheteenageyearsarewhenmostofusordinarypeoplelearnthatwecanachievegreatthingsincooperationwithothers1WhatcanwelearnaboutJessicaWatsonAShewascriticizedbythegovernmentBSheeventuallycanceledhervoyageCShehastraveledaroundtheworldDShemadeasuccessfulvoyage2WhatcanbeinferredaboutteenagersfromthetextATheyhavesimilarabilitiesBTheymakedecisionsontheirownCTheyalwaysmakewrongjudgmentsDTheyneedsupportsofresponsibleadults3WhodoestheunderlinedwordtheminParagraph3refertoAParentsBTeenagersCPsychologistsDAdults4WhatisthebesttitleforthetextADividedOpinionsonYoungAdventurersBProblemsFacedbyAdventurousTeensCVariousWaystoBecomeIndependentDPressuretoAchievePersonalGoals一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义sponsornvariousvoyagencompetencenintentionnjudgmentnpressuren二长难句翻译1TheamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelatedresponsibleadultsSometeensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcapableofchildishmistakesbuttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhardheadedandwellqualifiedadultsupporters2Butitsalsowrongtothinkthatany16yearoldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatsonsWatsoncallsherselfanordinarygirlwhohadadreamPassage3HighschoolbiologyteacherKellyChavisknewsmartphoneswereaprobleminherclassButnoteventhestudentsrealizedhowmuchofaproblemthedeviceswereuntilChavisdidaninclassexperimentForoneclassperiodstudentsusedawhiteboardtocounteverySnapchatInstagramtextcallthatappearedontheirphonesChavisisamongagrowingnumberofteachersparentsandhealthexpertswhobelievethatsmartphonesarenowpartlytoblameforincreasingthelevelsofstudentanxietyOnegirljustduringtheonehourgotcloseto150Snapchatnotifications150shesaidJeanTwengeapsychologyprofessoratSanDiegoStateUniversityinCaliforniasaiditisnotacoincidencethatyouthmentalhealthissueshaverisenwiththenumberofphonesThisuseofphoneshasledtoalossofsleepandfacetofaceinteractionsnecessaryfortheirgrowthshesaidResearchersarestillnotsurewhetherphonescausestudentdepressionordepressioncausesphoneuseButnearly60percentofparentssaidtheyworryabouttheinfluenceofsocialmediaontheirchildsphysicalandmentalhealthBothschoolsandparentsarestartingtotakestepstodealwiththeproblemManypublicschoolspayoutsidecompaniestowatchstudentssocialmediaactivityforsignsofanxietyOtherschoolsinviteinyogateachersandcomfortdogstohelpcalmstudents1WhatsthepurposeofChavissexperimentAToseehowmanystudentshavesmartphonesBTofindouthowpopularherstudentsareCToshowsmartphonesinfluenceteenagersgreatlyDTotellherstudentshowtousesmartphoneswisely2HowdidKellyChavisfeelabouttheresultAShockedBExcitedCSatisfiedDFrightened3WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJeanTwengeAStudentsarenowundergreatstressBStudentsspendtoomuchmoneyonsmartphonesCOverusingphonescausedropsinstudentsgradesDOverusingphonesmayharmstudentsbodyandmind4WhatmightbetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinuedAHowotherschoolsdealwithstudentsphonesBWhetherthewaystohandlephonesareeffectiveCHowsomeparentsdealwiththeirchildrensphonesDWhetherstudentsarewillingtogiveupusingphones一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义biologynperiodblamevnanxietynnotificationncoincidenceninfluencenv二长难句翻译1ButnoteventhestudentsrealizedhowmuchofaproblemthedeviceswereuntilChavisdidaninclassexperiment2ItisnotacoincidencethatyouthmentalhealthissueshaverisenwiththenumberofphonesDuringavisittotheUnitedArabEmiratesIwasinvitedtospeaktocollegestudentstolearnmoreabouthowthecountryispreparingthenextgenerationforthefutureImetwithstudentswhowererequiredtopresenttheirfinalprojectsinathreeminutepresentationtomembersoftherulingfamilyNowthatispressureButlearningtheartofpublicspeakingisnolongeranoptiontosucceedinthe21stcenturyitisfundamentalEducatorswhoIhavemetacrosstheMiddleEastEuropeandAsiasaythattheyareelevatingtheartofpublicspeakingtoacorerequirementalongwithmathandscienceChrisAndersonthecurator负责人ofTEDencouragesschoolsintheUnitedStatestomakepresentationliteracyarequirementinelementaryschoolsThereisawrinklehoweverAccordingtoanarticleinTheAtlanticsomeAmericanmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsareadvocatingfortheelimination取消ofmandatory强制的inclasspresentationsTheiranxietyisrealPsychologyprofessorMatthewLiebermanwritesinbookOurbrainscravethepositiveevaluationofothersalmosttoanembarrassingdegreeThatswhymostofusgetanxiousaboutpublicspeakingAnxietycanturnintofullblownpanicattacksorcreatelifelongfearsAsanauthorwhosebooksareusedinpublicspeakingclassesaroundtheworldIwillexplainwhypublicspeakingskillsaremoreimportantthaneverPersuasiononepersonconvincinganothertochangetheirmindisnowresponsiblefor25percentofAmericastotalincomeaccordingtoDeirdreMcCloskeyattheUniversityofIllinoisThepercentagewillriseto40percentsoonsheassuredmeItisaterribleideatoreducepublicspeakingopportunitiesinclassatatimewhenstudentsneedtheskillsitcangivethemtosucceedTodayanyonewhoisbetteratpresentingtheirideascanseeasuddenmassiveincreaseinwealththatisunprecedentedinhumanhistoryIntheageofideaspublicspeakingisoneofthegreatestskillsthatstudentsneedinordertolearngrowandinspiretherestofustodreambiggerIfstudentsenjoytheprocessofbuildingthenecessaryskillsettheywilllearntolovepublicspeaking1WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1APublicspeakingisessentialinpreparingforthefutureBStudentsdonthavetochoosethecourseofpublicspeakingCTherulingfamilyplaysakeyroleinjudgingthepresentationDCollegestudentsareunderpressureinpreparingtheintroduction2WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2probablymeanASimplecaseBNewideaCSmallproblemDStrongbelief3WhichofthefollowingisthebenefitofpublicspeakingAItcanhelppersuadeotherstochangetheirmindBGoodspeakerscanseehugeriseintheirincomeCItwillofferstudentsskillstomakeagreatsuccessDItencouragesstudentstoliveawealthylifeinthefuture4WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutAItscaresstudentstomakeaspeechpubliclyBPresentationsisasteppingstoneforstudentsfutureCWecanimprovespeakingskillsinmanyeffectivewaysDConfidenceinpresentationincreasesifoneiswellprepared一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义generationnfundamentalrequirementnevaluationnadvocatevassurevmassiveadj二长难句翻译1NowthatispressureButlearningtheartofpublicspeakingisnolongeranoptiontosucceedinthe21stcenturyitisfundamental2IntheageofideaspublicspeakingisoneofthegreatestskillsthatstudentsneedinordertolearngrowandinspiretherestofustodreambiggerIfstudentsenjoytheprocessofbuildingthenecessaryskillsettheywilllearntolovepublicspeaking高二阅读理解分类练习题议论文篇一文章类型议论文往往有观点有事实逻辑性强命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手考查我们的思维能力和判断能力议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样可以有主旨大意细节理解推理判断词义猜测等几种出题方式篇较多考察说明文二满分技巧1重视文章标题找准全文主题句把握文章主旨2细读文章注意文章细节理解3理解整体语篇掌握作者意图4多读多背扩大词汇量掌握猜词技巧课中练习Passage4TomeShakespeareisabitofatouchysubjectinthetheatreindustryIbelieveShakespearesplaystobethemostchallengingintermsoflanguageWhenyouhavechallenginglanguagethenunderstandingtheplotandtopicswillbecomeachallengeaswellItslikeachainIfyoudontunderstanditfromthestartitmakesthingshardlateronandpeopletendtogiveuponitRegardlessofallofthisIbelieveShakespeareisimportantinthesensethatitswheretruetheatrestartedWilliamShakespeareisanameeveryoneknowsregardlessofwhetheryouenjoyhisworksornotManyhighschoolsorcollegesputonatleastoneShakespeareplayeveryfewyearsandIlikethatIthinkitsimportanttoexposestudentstoplaysthatareabitmorechallengingthantheyusedtobeOfcourseitsnoteasytounderstandtheseplaysbutthenthinkaboutthepeoplewhoactinthoseplaysWhenactingyouhavetounderstandyourcharacterandnotonlythatyouneedtocompletelyknoweverythinggoingonaroundyouaswellSotounderstandthescript剧本isonethingbuttoactinaShakespeareplayisawholeanotherthingHowaboutmemorizingthelinesThatsoneofthehardestthingsactorshavetogetthroughItissuchheightenedlanguagethatitsalmostlikelearningaforeignlanguageShakespeareistoughandthatswhatIthinkIloveitthemostThechallengeisunderstandingOnceyouhavethatthenyouhaveroomtoplaywithitThereforeifpeoplewalkedintoaShakespeareplaywithmoreofanopenmindtheirexperiencewouldbesomuchbetterThereisalargeamountofexplorationanddiscoveryinhisplaysandtheexperiencecanbereallysatisfyingItshardstuffbutitsfascinatingandweshouldbeembracingit1WhatsthebiggestchallengeinunderstandingShakespearesplaysAThechallenginglanguageBThevarietyofitstopicCThecomplicatedplotDThememorablecharacters2WhatstheauthorsattitudetowardsputtingonShakespearesplaysatcollegesACriticalBCautiousCFavorableDIndifferent3WhatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledowhenenjoyingShakespearesplaysAActthemoutBRememberthelinesinthemCLearnShakespeareslanguageDEnjoythemwithanopenmind4WhatisthetextmainlyaboutAThecharacteristicsofShakespearesplaysBTheplotsandtopicsofShakespearesplaysCTheimportanceandwayofenjoyingShakespearesplaysDThestressfromperformingShakespearesplays答案1A2C3D4C解析这是一篇议论文作者在文章中指出莎士比亚的戏剧是非常重要的是真正的戏剧的起点作者支持在中学或大学每隔几年上演一出莎士比亚戏剧的做法作者还建议当人们欣赏莎士比亚的戏剧时以开放的心态欣赏它们1细节理解题根据第一段中IbelieveShakespearesplaystobethemostchallengingintermsoflanguageWhenyouhavechallenginglanguagethenunderstandingtheplotandtopicswillbecomeachallengeaswell可知我认为莎士比亚的戏剧在语言上是最具挑战性的当你的语言具有挑战性的时候那么理解剧情和主题也将成为一种挑战由此可知理解莎士比亚戏剧最大的挑战是具有挑战性的语言故选A2推理判断题根据第二段中ManyhighschoolsorcollegesputonatleastoneShakespeareplayeveryfewyearsandIlikethatIthinkitsimportanttoexposestudentstoplaysthatareabitmorechallengingthantheyusedtobe可知许多中学或大学每隔几年至少上演一出莎士比亚的戏剧我很喜欢我觉得让学生接触比他们过去接常触到的更有挑战性的戏剧很重要由此可推知作者对在大学上演莎士比亚的戏剧持支持态度故选C3细节理解题根据最后一段中ThereforeifpeoplewalkedintoaShakespeareplaywithmoreofanopenmindtheirexperiencewouldbesomuchbetter可知因此如果人们带着更开放的心态走进莎士比亚的戏剧他们的体验会更好由此可知这篇文章建议当人们欣赏莎士比亚的戏剧时以开放的心态欣赏它们故选D4主旨大意题根据第一段中RegardlessofallofthisIbelieveShakespeareisimportantinthesensethatitswheretruetheatrestartedWilliamShakespeareisanameeveryoneknowsregardlessofwhetheryouenjoyhisworksornot可知不管这些我相信莎士比亚的重要性在于它是真正的戏剧的起点威廉莎士比亚这个名字大家都知道不管你喜不喜欢他的作品以及最后一段中ThereforeifpeoplewalkedintoaShakespeareplaywithmoreofanopenmindtheirexperiencewouldbesomuchbetter可知因此如果人们带着更开放的心态走进莎士比亚的戏剧他们的体验会更好结合作者在文章中指出莎士比亚的戏剧是非常重要的是真正的戏剧的起点作者支持在中学或大学每隔几年上演一出莎士比亚戏剧的做法作者还建议当人们欣赏莎士比亚的戏剧时以开放的心态欣赏它们由此可知这篇文章的主要内容是欣赏莎士比亚戏剧的重要性和方式故选C一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义touchyadj易怒的棘手的industry工业企业plotvn情节密谋绘制chainn链条exposev暴露揭露memorizev记住explorationn探索二长难句翻译1ThereforeifpeoplewalkedintoaShakespeareplaywithmoreofanopenmindtheirexperiencewouldbesomuchbetter答案因此如果人们带着更开放的心态走进莎士比亚的戏剧他们的体验会更好2RegardlessofallofthisIbelieveShakespeareisimportantinthesensethatitswheretruetheatrestartedWilliamShakespeareisanameeveryoneknowsregardlessofwhetheryouenjoyhisworksornot答案不管这些我相信莎士比亚的重要性在于它是真正的戏剧的起点威廉莎士比亚这个名字大家都知道不管你喜不喜欢他的作品Passage2IverecentlyfoundmyselfwonderingifIcoulddowithoutGoogleMapsItisIthinktheonlyapponmyphoneIdreallymisswereItoswapmysmartphoneforadumbonethathandlesonlycallsandtextmessagesWhyamIthinkingaboutthisItsbecauseeverytimeItrytoreadabookIenduppickingupmyphoneinsteadIkeepinterruptingmyowntrainofthoughtinordertodosomethingthatIdontconsciouslywanttodoThisisnotaccidentalDevelopershavebecomeevenmoreunashamedintheirattemptstokeepushookedonoursmartphonesSomeofthemspeakinthelanguageofaddictionandbehaviouralpsychologythoughmostpreferthetermpersuasivetechInitselfpersuasivetechisnotanewideaanacademicnamedBJFogghasbeenrunningclassesfromapersuasivetechlabatStanfordsincethelate1990sButassmartphoneownershiphasrocketedandsocialmediasiteshavebeenbornpersuasivetechhasvastlyexpandeditsreachOnecompanyDopamineLabsnamedforthechemicalreleasedintherewardcenterofthebrainoffersaservicetotechbusinesseswantingtokeepusersengagedFounderRamsayBrowntellsmehewantspeopletounderstandthattheirthoughtsandfeelingsareonthetableasthingsthatcanbecontrolledanddesignedHethinksthereshouldbemoreconversationaroundthepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesbeingusedWebelieveeveryonehasarighttocognitivelibertyandtobuildthekindofmindtheywanttoliveinhesaysTheposterchildoftheresistancemovementagainstaddictiveappsisformerGoogledesignethicistTristanHarrisHethinksthepowertochangethesystemliesnotwithappdevelopersbutwiththehardwareprovidersIn2014HarrisfoundedTimeWellSpentagroupthatcampaignsformoremoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopersAnytechbusinessthatreliesonadvertisingprofitsismotivatedtoholditsusersonlineforaslongaspossibleHarrissaysThismeansappsarespecificallydesignedtokeepusinthemAppleontheotherhandwantstosellphonesbutdoesnthaveaprofitstreamsotightlyconnectedtotheamountoftimeitscustomersspendonlineHarrishopesthatcompanieslikeApplecouldusetheirinfluencetoencouragemoremorallydesignedappsWhileIwaitforAppletosortthisoutIfindmyselflongingforsomethingcalledaLightPhoneacreditcardsizedhandsetthatdoesabsolutelynothingbutmakeandreceivecallsPricetag150SeemsexpensiveButthecompanyswebsiteisverypersuasive1AccordingtotheauthorwhatmakesussogluedtooursmartphonesAPeoplesinbornbehavioursBAppdevelopersintentionCUserfriendlyappsDHardwareproviders2DopamineLabssfounderbelievesthatAtechbusinesseshavegonetoofarincontrollingusersmindsBpersuasivetechnologiesaredangeroustouserscognitivelibertyCthepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesdeservesmoreattentionDeveryonecanlivethelifetheydesirebyusingpersuasivetechnologies3WhichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedwordsTheposterchildinparagraph5ATheadvertiserBTheadvocateCTheopponentDThefounder答案1B2C3B分析这是一篇议论文作者主要讲述为什么要把智能手机换成傻瓜手机1细节理解题根据第三段第一句话ThisisnotaccidentalDevelopershavebecomeevenmoreunashamedintheirattemptstokeepushookedonoursmartphones这一切不是偶然的为了让我们一刻都离不开我们的智能手机开发人员的手段越来越肆无忌惮了可知开发人员想尽一切办法让我们离不开手机所以我们对手机上瘾是开发人员有意为之的故选B2推理判断题根据第四段倒数第二句Hethinksthereshouldbemoreconversationaroundthepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesbeingused他认为应该对正在使用的技术的说服力进行更广泛的讨论可推知DopamineLabs的创始人认为技术的说服力值得人们更多的关注故选C3词句猜测题结合横线后theresistancemovementagainstaddictiveapps抵制易上瘾应用运动以及HethinksthepowertochangethesystemliesnotwithappdevelopersbutwiththehardwareprovidersIn2014HarrisfoundedTimeWellSpentagroupthatcampaignsformoremoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopers他认为改变目前这一体系的力量不掌握在应用开发人员手上而掌握在硬件提供商手中早在2014年哈里斯就创建了一个名叫光阴不虚度组织呼吁开发公司在应用开发过程中坚持设计伦理可知哈里斯是抵制易上瘾应用运动的代表人物所以Theposterchild应指该运动的支持者代表人物ATheadvertiser顾问BTheadvocate支持者CTheopponent反对者DThefounder创始人故选B一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义swapv交换interrupt打断打扰attemptvn企图尝试persuasiveadj有说服力的ownershipn所有权profitnv利润获益tightlyadv紧紧地紧密地二长难句翻译1ThisisnotaccidentalDevelopershavebecomeevenmoreunashamedintheirattemptstokeepushookedonoursmartphones答案这一切不是偶然的为了让我们一刻都离不开我们的智能手机开发人员的手段越来越肆无忌惮了2HethinksthepowertochangethesystemliesnotwithappdevelopersbutwiththehardwareprovidersIn2014HarrisfoundedTimeWellSpentagroupthatcampaignsformoremoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopers答案他认为改变目前这一体系的力量不掌握在应用开发人员手上而掌握在硬件提供商手中早在2014年哈里斯就创建了一个名叫光阴不虚度组织呼吁开发公司在应用开发过程中坚持设计伦理Passage3InaneconomywheredataischanginghowcompaniescreatevalueandcompeteexpertspredictthatusingartificialintelligenceAlatalargerscalewilladdasmuchasI57trilliontotheglobaleconomyby2030AsAlischanginghowcompaniesworkmanybelievethatwhodoesthisworkwillchangetooandthatorganizationswillbegintoreplacehumanemployeeswithintelligentmachinesThisisalreadyhappeningintelligentsystemsaredisplacinghumansinmanufacturingservicedeliveryrecruitmentandthefinancialindustryconsequentlymovinghumanworkerstowardslowerpaidjobsormakingthemunemployedThistrendhasledsometoconcludethatin2040ourworkforcemaybetotallyunrecognizableArehumansandmachinereallyincompetitionwitheachotherthoughThehistoryofworkparticularlysincetheIndustrialRevolutionisthehistoryofpeopletransferringtheirlabortomachinesWhilethatbeganwithroterepetitivephysicaltaskslikeweavingmachineshaveevolvedtothepointwheretheycannowdowhatwemightthinkofascomplexcognitiveworksuchasmathequationsrecognizinglanguageandspeechandwritingMachinesthusseemreadytoreproducetheworkofourmindsandnotjustourbodiesInthe21stcenturyAlisevolvingtobesuperiortohumansinmanytaskswhichmakesthatweseemreadytotransferourintelligencetotechnologyWiththislatesttrenditseemsliketheresnothingthatcantsoonbeautomatedmeaningthatnojobissafefrombeingoffloadedtomachinesThisvisionofthefutureofworkhastakentheshapeofazerosumgameinwhichtherecanonlybeonewinnerWebelievehoweverthatthisviewoftheroleAlwillplayintheworkplaceiswrongThequestionofwhetherAlwillreplacehumanworkersassumesthatAlandhumanshavethesamequalitiesandabilitiesbutinrealitytheydontAlbasedmachinesarefastmoreaccurateandconsistentlyrationalbuttheyarentintuitiveemotionalorculturallysensitiveAnditsexactlytheseabilitiesthathumanspossessandwhichmakeuseffective1HowdoesAlinfluencehumanlifeaccordingtoParagraph1AItincreaseshugeeconomiccostsBItdominatescompanysfutureCItmakesworkforcetotallyunnecessaryDItchangestraditionalworkingways2WhatpointhavemachinesevolvedtotodayADoingrepetitiveworkBDoingphysicaltasksCDoingtranslationworkDDoingreproducingtasks3WhichsidesareinvolvedinthezerosumgameAAlbasedmachineandhumansBMindsandbodiesCFutureandpastDImaginationandReality4WhatisthelastparagraphmainlyaboutAAlplaysavitalroleintheworkplaceBHumanhasitsownadvantagesoverAlCAlandhumanshavethesamequalitiesDAlissuretoreplacehumansoneday答案1D2C3A4B分析这是一篇议论文文章主要说明了人工智能改变了传统的工作方式从而影响人类生活而这一改变可能会导致很多人类失业文章主要就人类和机器是否真的在相互竞争的问题展开论述指出人工智能机器和人类各自存在的优势1细节理解题根据第一段中AsAlischanginghowcompaniesworkmanybelievethatwhodoesthisworkwillchangetooandthatorganizationswillbegintoreplacehumanemployeeswithintelligentmachinesThisisalreadyhappeningintelligentsystemsaredisplacinghumansinmanufacturingservicedeliveryrecruitmentandthefinancialindustryconsequentlymovinghumanworkerstowardslowerpaidjobsormakingthemunemployed随着人工智能正在改变公司的工作方式许多人相信从事这项工作的人也会发生变化组织将开始用智能机器取代人类员工这已经在发生智能系统正在制造业服务提供招聘和金融行业取代人类从而将人类工人转移到低薪工作或使他们失业可知人工智能改变了传统的工作方式从而影响人类生活故选D2推理判断题根据第二段中Whilethatbeganwithroterepetitivephysicaltaskslikeweavingmachineshaveevolvedtothepointwheretheycannowdowhatwemightthinkofascomplexcognitiveworksuchasmathequationsrecognizinglanguageandspeechandwriting虽然这始于死记硬背像编织一样的重复的体力工作但机器已经进化到现在可以做我们可能认为复杂的认知工作的地步比如数学方程识别语言和语音以及写作可推知机器进化到今天已经到可以做翻译工作的程度了故选C3细节理解题根据第二段中Inthe21stcenturyAlisevolvingtobesuperiortohumansinmanytaskswhichmakesthatweseemreadytotransferourintelligencetotechnologyWiththislatesttrenditseemsliketheresnothingthatcantsoonbeautomatedmeaningthatnojobissafefrombeingoffloadedtomachines在21世纪人工智能正在进化在许多任务上优于人类这使得我们似乎准备好将我们的智能转移到技术上在这个最新的趋势下似乎没有什么不能很快被自动化这意味着没有一份工作不会被机器取代以及第三段Thisvisionofthefutureofworkhastakentheshapeofazerosumgameinwhichtherecanonlybeonewinner这种对未来工作的展望已经形成了一种zerosum的游戏的形式在这种游戏中只有一个赢家结合上文提到在人工智能兴起的今天人们看到了它带给人类的便利和高效人们在推崇它的同时也深感自身危机担心随着人工智能的高度发展在将来的某一时候人是否真的会被其取代因此该题所说的azerosumgame中涉及的双方就是指人工智能化的机器和人故选A4主旨大意题根据最后一段WebelievehoweverthatthisviewoftheroleAlwillplayintheworkplaceiswrongThequestionofwhetherAlwillreplacehumanworkersassumesthatAlandhumanshavethesamequalitiesandabilitiesbutinrealitytheydontAlbasedmachinesarefastmoreaccurateandconsistentlyrationalbuttheyarentintuitiveemotionalorculturallysensitiveAnditsexactlytheseabilitiesthathumanspossessandwhichmakeuseffective然而我们认为这种关于人工智能在工作场所将扮演何种角色的观点是错误的关于人工智能是否会取代人类工人的问题假设人工智能和人类具有同样的品质和能力但在现实中它们并非如此基于人工智能的机器速度更快更准确而且始终是理性的但它们不是直觉情感的或文化敏感的而且正是这些人类拥有的能力让我们变得高效可知最后一段主要讲了与人工智能相比人类有自己的优势故选B一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义artificialadj人造的人为的delivery发送投递financialadj财政的replacev取代consequentlyadv因此unrecognizableadj难以辨别的assumev假定二长难句翻译1Thisisalreadyhappeningintelligentsystemsaredisplacinghumansinmanufacturingservicedeliveryrecruitmentandthefinancialindustryconsequentlymovinghumanworkerstowardslowerpaidjobsormakingthemunemployed答案这已经在发生智能系统正在制造业服务提供招聘和金融行业取代人类从而将人类工人转移到低薪工作或使他们失业2Albasedmachinesarefastmoreaccurateandconsistentlyrationalbuttheyarentintuitiveemotionalorculturallysensitive答案基于人工智能的机器速度更快更准确而且始终是理性的但它们不是直觉情感的或文化敏感的Passage4GrowingupaskidswearetoldtoshareourtoysandnottobeselfishWealsoliveinanagewhendiscussingourfeelingsisencouragedButwhendoesitallbecometoomuchWithnewcrazestrendingallthetimesuchasdancechallengesandwearingacarpetasadressthequestioniswhencansharingbecomeoversharingonsocialmediaOversharinghasbecomeassociatedwithsocialmediabutitisntexclusivetothisplatformImagineyouheadtoapartyandmeetxkwsomeoneWithinfiveminutestheyhaverevealedprivatedetailsabouttheirlifeWhilesomeofusmaytrytoescapethesepeopleaccordingtomarriageadvisorCarolynColethisformofoversharingcouldcomefromastrongdesiretoconnectwithsomeoneButhowdoesthistranslatetosocialmediaDrChristopherHandalecturerincyberpsychology网络心理学saysthemoredetailspeopledisclosethelesssympathyweexpresswhenthingsgowrongItseemsthatsearchingforsympathybyoversharingisgenerallyconsideredasnegativeratherthanthecryforhelpitcouldreallybeHoweverDrHandsresearchalsoseemstosuggestthatthemorewepostonaplatformthemoresociallyattractivewebecomeprovidedthatthepoststhatwebangoutarepositiveEvenbackin2015GwendolynSeidmanPhDsaidthatweshouldavoidcomplainingandbeingnegativeonlineWeshouldalsoavoidshowingoffespeciallyaboutourlovelivesItmakessenseifyourdateisgoingthatwellwouldyoureallyhavetimetoshareaphotowithtextSohowcanyouknowifyouareoversharingWellwhynotaskyourfriendsinreallifeTheywouldprobablybehappytotellyouifyourpostsaboutyourbreakfastoryourcomplaintsaboutyourlackofmoneyreallyaretoomuch1Whatdoestheunderlinedwordexclusiveinparagraph2meanAUniqueBSimilarCRelevantDFundamental2WhydosomepeoplepreferoversharingatpartiesATodrawothersattentionBTosatisfyotherscuriosityCToremovenegativefeelingsDTodevelopgoodrelationships3WhichofthefollowingmayDrHandagreewithASharingmoredetailsonlinecanattractmoresympathyBOversharingnegativeexperiencesisequaltocryingforhelpCSharingnegativepostscanthelponebecomesociallyattractiveDOversharingisntlikelytohappenonlinewhenthingsgowrong4AccordingtothetextwhatshouldbeavoidedforonlinesharingAReflectingonpastbadmannersBShowingagreatmanyexpensivegoodsCWritingarecipeforabalancedbreakfastDRecordingunforgettablemomentswithfriends答案1A2D3C4B分析本文是一篇议论文文章议论了社交媒体上的过度分享现象1词句猜测题根据文章第二段划线词前半句Oversharinghasbecomeassociatedwithsocialmedia过度分享已经和社交媒体联系在一起了和下文ImagineyouheadtoapartyandmeetxkwsomeoneWithinfiveminutestheyhaverevealedprivatedetailsabouttheirlifeWhilesomeofusmaytrytoescapethesepeopleaccordingtomarriageadvisorCarolynColethisformofoversharingcouldcomefromastrongdesiretoconnectwithsomeone想象一下你去参加一个聚会遇到了一个人不到五分钟他们就透露了自己生活的私人细节婚姻顾问卡洛琳科尔表示虽然我们中的一些人可能会试图避开这些人但这种过度分享的形式可能来自与某人联系的强烈愿望可知过度分享并不是这个平台独有的所以exclusive为独有的之意故选A2细节理解题根据文章第二段WhilesomeofusmaytrytoescapethesepeopleaccordingtomarriageadvisorCarolynColethisformofoversharingcouldcomefromastrongdesiretoconnectwithsomeone婚姻顾问卡洛琳科尔表示虽然我们中的一些人可能会试图避开这些人但这种过度分享的形式可能来自与某人联系的强烈愿望可知有些人喜欢在聚会上过度分享是为了发展良好的关系故选D3细节理解题根据文章第四段HoweverDrHandsresearchalsoseemstosuggestthatthemorewepostonaplatformthemoresociallyattractivewebecomeprovidedthatthepoststhatwebangoutarepositive然而汉德博士的研究似乎也表明我们在平台上发布的帖子越多我们的社交吸引力就越大前提是我们发布的帖子都是积极的可知分享负面帖子并不能帮助一个人在社交上变得有吸引力汉德博士可能会同意这个观点故选C4推理判断题根据文章第四段HoweverDrHandsresearchalsoseemstosuggestthatthemorewepostonaplatformthemoresociallyattractivewebecomeprovidedthatthepoststhatwebangoutarepositiveEvenbackin2015GwendolynSeidmanPhDsaidthatweshouldavoidcomplainingandbeingnegativeonlineWeshouldalsoavoidshowingoffespeciallyaboutourlovelives然而汉德博士的研究似乎也表明我们在平台上发布的帖子越多我们的社交吸引力就越大前提是我们发布的帖子都是积极的早在2015年格温多林塞德曼博士就说过我们应该避免在网上抱怨和消极我们也应该避免炫耀尤其是在我们的爱情生活上和最后一段Theywouldprobablybehappytotellyouifyourpostsaboutyourbreakfastoryourcomplaintsaboutyourlackofmoneyreallyaretoomuch他们可能会很高兴告诉你如果你的帖子是关于你的早餐或者你抱怨你真的太缺钱可推断展示了许多昂贵的商品属于过度炫耀应该避免故选B一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义selfishadj自私的carpet地毯platformn讲台月台平台privateadj私人的秘密的sympathyn同情attractiveadj有吸引力的positivev积极的二长难句翻译1WhilesomeofusmaytrytoescapethesepeopleaccordingtomarriageadvisorCarolynColethisformofoversharingcouldcomefromastrongdesiretoconnectwithsomeone答案婚姻顾问卡洛琳科尔表示虽然我们中的一些人可能会试图避开这些人但这种过度分享的形式可能来自与某人联系的强烈愿望2HoweverDrHandsresearchalsoseemstosuggestthatthemorewepostonaplatformthemoresociallyattractivewebecomeprovidedthatthepoststhatwebangoutarepositive答案然而汉德博士的研究似乎也表明我们在平台上发布的帖子越多我们的社交吸引力就越大前提是我们发布的帖子都是积极的Passage5JeffBezoshasaruleatAmazonorperhapsmoreappropriateaphilosophyIfateamcannotbefedbytwopizzasthenthatteamistoolargeThereasoningisquitestraightforwardandbasicMorepeoplemeansmorecommunicationmorebureaucracymorechaosandmoreofprettymucheverythingthatslowsthingsdownhencewhylargeorganizationsareoftentimesconsideredasbeingsoinefficientIn2013GallupreleasedareportcalledTheStateofTheAmericanWorkplaceinwhichtheyfoundthatsmallercompanieshadmoreengagedemployeesInfact42ofemployeesworkingatcompaniesof10orfewerwereengagedatworkversusonly30ofemployeesatlargecompaniesMostpeoplearenotfamiliarwiththeRingelmannEffectwhichisthetendencyforindividualmemberstobecomelessproductiveasthesizeofagroupincreasesThisconceptwasnamedafterMaximilienRingelmannaFrenchprofessorofagriculturalengineeringwhopassedawayin1931InoneofhisexperimentsheaskedvolunteerstoperformaverysimpletasktopullonaropeHefoundthatwhenonlyonepersonispullingontheropetheygive100oftheirefforthoweverasmorepeopleareaddedtheindividualeffortgoesdownThisexperimentwasrecreatedinthe1970sbyAlanInghamwhocameupwiththeconceptofsocialloafingwhichhelpsusunderstandwhytheindividualeffortdecreasesastheteamsizeincreasesSowhydoesthishappenBecauseitbecomeshardertoextracttheindividualcontributionsandperformanceofeachpersonOrganizationsshouldreallythinkaboutwhattheirteamstructureslooklikeandcreateandfollowsimilartwopizzarulesItsnocoincidencethatsmallerorganizationsareoftentimesmorenimblewhilelargeorganizationslookliketheyarestuckinthemud1Whatistheauthorspurposeofmentioningtwopizzarulesinparagraph1ATomakeacommentBTointroducethetopicCToprovideanexampleDToanalyzeaphenomenon2WhatisspecialabouttheAlanInghamsexperimentAItrepeatedtheRingelmannEffectexperimentBItwasbasedonasimpletaskofpullingaropeCItaimedtoexplorethereasonbehindthephenomenonDItrevealedthelinkbetweenteamsizeandindividualeffort3WhichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedwordnimbleinthelastparagraphABalancedBComplicatedCSimpleDFlexible4WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextAWhatMakesaTeamMoreProductiveBWhyAreSmallerTeamsBetterThanLargerOnesCHowCanTwoPizzasBeSharedbyOneTeamDWhichIsMoreImportantIndividualEffortrTeamSize答案1B2C3D4B分析本文是一篇议论文文章通过一个实验美国工作场所状况的报告和两个实验林格曼效应和社会化惰性说明团队大小和个人努力之间的关系以及背后的原因1推理判断题第一段在提到Ifateamcannotbefedbytwopizzasthenthatteamistoolarge如果一个队两块披萨都不能喂饱那么那个队就太大了后说到Morepeoplemeansmorecommunicationmorebureaucracymorechaosandmoreofprettymucheverythingthatslowsthingsdownhencewhylargeorganizationsareoftentimesconsideredasbeingsoinefficient更多的人意味着更多的沟通更多的官僚主义更多的混乱以及更多的所有减缓事情因此为什么大型组织经常被认为是如此低效率因此可以推断提到twopizzarules是为了引出本文主题故选B2推理判断题根据倒数第二段的Thisexperimentwasrecreatedinthe1970sbyAlanIngham这个实验是在20世纪70年代由AlanIngham重新创造的和Sowhydoesthishappen那么为什么会发生这种情况呢可知AlanInghamsexperiment不是对于theRingelmannEffectexperiment的简单重复而是进一步探究了背后的原因因此得出A选项错误C选项正确根据第三段的Inoneofhisexperimentsheaskedvolunteerstoperformaverysimpletasktopullonarope在他的一次实验中他要求志愿者们完成一项非常简单的任务即拉一根绳子可知pullingarope拉一根绳子是theRingelmannEffectexperiment的实验内容因此排除D选项是两个实验共同的内容并不是AlanInghamsexperiment的特殊之处因此排除故选C3词义猜测题从最后一段的Itsnocoincidencethatsmallerorganizationsareoftentimesmorenimblewhilelargeorganizationslookliketheyarestuckinthemud较小的组织往往更nimble而大组织看起来却陷入了困境这并不是巧合尤其是stuckinthemud可推断较小的组织相比大组织更为灵活高效与D项flexible灵活的意思相近故选D4主旨大意题根据第一段的hencewhylargeorganizationsareoftentimesconsideredasbeingsoinefficient因此为什么大型组织经常被认为效率如此低下和最后一段的最后一句Itsnocoincidencethatsmallerorganizationsareoftentimesmorenimblewhilelargeorganizationslookliketheyarestuckinthemud较小的组织往往更灵活而大组织看起来却陷入了困境这并不是巧合可知本文比较了largeorganizations和smallorganizations的效率并探究了其背后的原因A选项把范围扩大了影响团队效率的不止teamsize一个因素因此排除C选项只提到twopizzarules而且有理解偏差因此排除D选项没有揭示teamsize和individualeffort之间的关联排除B为什么小的团队比大的更好为最佳标题解释了主题故选B一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义appropriateadj合适的straightforward简单的坦率的tendencyn倾向趋势agriculturaladj农业的productiveadj高产的有成效的extractv取出提取structurenv结构组织二长难句翻译1Morepeoplemeansmorecommunicationmorebureaucracymorechaosandmoreofprettymucheverythingthatslowsthingsdownhencewhylargeorganizationsareoftentimesconsideredasbeingsoinefficient答案更多的人意味着更多的沟通更多的官僚主义更多的混乱以及更多的所有减缓事情因此为什么大型组织经常被认为是如此低效率2Itsnocoincidencethatsmallerorganizationsareoftentimesmorenimblewhilelargeorganizationslookliketheyarestuckinthemud答案较小的组织往往更nimble而大组织看起来却陷入了困境这并不是巧合课后练习1补救练习Passage1LookingforaplacetotakearestsipacupofcoffeeandhaveafurrycompanionWelcometoanimalthemedcafesInrecentyearsthecombinationofpetsandcateringhasbecomeincrediblypopularinmanycitiesthroughoutChinaWhilemanycafesstartedoutofferingthecompanyofcatsanddogsothersareexpandingtheirrangeSomecafesincludeanimalslikesquirrelsraccoonsandevencapybarasInreviewsinternetusershavecommentedthattheirmainreasonforvisitingthesebusinessesistointeractcloselywithanimalstheyhaveonlyseenfromafarThecustomersloveanimalsTheyarecuriousaboutthesepetsandwanttoraiseoneathomebutcircumstancesdontallowitsaidpetcafeownerTianRuiLiuJingaBeijingresidentwhoworksinfinancelovespigsbutherparentswouldnotendorsehergettingoneasapetThe24yearoldhadtoadmiretheanimalsthroughvideosandimagesButnowshecanhaveclosecontactwithanadorablepigeveryweekendinapetcafeAlsothesepetcafesserveasashelterforthosewhofindcomfortinbeingaroundanimalsInthisplaceyoucangetclosetothecutelittleonesinaverycomfortablewaywithouthavingtoworryaboutsafetyandhygiene卫生overallitisanextremelycomfortableexperiencesaidZhaoMingfromTianjin30afrequentpetcafevisitorAnimalloversalsoexpectthepetcafestochangepeoplesattitudestowardpetsAnimalslikeduckspigsandsheephavebeenservedasfoodformanyyearsPeoplehardlyseethemaspetsButthepetcafeshelpshifttheirattitudefromseeingthemasplaythingstoregardingthemasfamilymembersorclosefriendsWhetherathomeorinstorestheselittleanimalsarethereforcompanionshipandtheybringwarmthtoourheartsTheycareandunderstandjustlikefamilymembersTheygiveusmuchmorethanthelovewegivetothemZhaosaid1WhydopeoplevisitpetcafesATopursueinnerpeaceBToappreciateanimalimagesCToexperienceacleanenvironmentDTohaveclosecontactwithanimals2WhatdoestheunderlinedwordendorseinParagraph4meanABelieveinBApproveofCPreventDSuspect3WecanconcludefromParagraph6thatpetcafesmayAchangeourviewsofanimalsBteachushowtolookafterpetsbetterCshowustheimportanceofhavingpetsDremindustovalueourfamilyandfriends4WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetextACafesEnjoyGreatPopularityBIdealSheltersforLovelyAnimalsCAnimalsTurnintoCompanionsDAnimalLoversfromDifferentCities分析近年来以动物为主题的咖啡馆悄然兴起这些宠物咖啡馆改变了人们对动物的态度它们就像家庭成员一样陪伴人们给人们带来温暖和爱1答案D详解细节理解题根据第三段中的theirmainreasonforvisitingthesebusinessesistointeractwithanimalstheyhaveonlyseenfromafar他们造访这些商店的主要目的是与那些他们只在远处见过的动物互动可知人们拜访宠物咖啡馆的主要原因是想和这些动物进行近距离接触故选D2答案B解析词句猜测题根据划线词后面的句子The24yearoldhadtoadmiretheanimalsthroughvideosandimages24岁的她不得不通过视频和图片来欣赏这些动物可知她父母不赞成她养宠物endorse意思是赞成故选B3答案A解析推理判断题根据第六段第一句Animalloversalsoexpectthepetcafestochangepeoplesattitudestowardpets动物爱好者也希望宠物咖啡馆能改变人们对宠物的态度和最后一句Butthepetcafeshelpshifttheirattitudefromseeingthemasplaythingstoregardingthemasfamilymembersorclosefriends但宠物咖啡馆有助于改变他们的态度从把宠物当作玩具变成把它们当作家庭成员或亲密朋友可知宠物咖啡馆改变了人们对动物的态度故选A4答案C解析主旨大意题根据第六段第一句Animalloversalsoexpectthepetcafestochangepeoplesattitudestowardpets动物爱好者也希望宠物咖啡馆能改变人们对宠物的态度和最后一句Butthepetcafeshelpshifttheirattitudefromseeingthemasplaythingstoregardingthemasfamilymembersorclosefriends但宠物咖啡馆有助于改变他们的态度从把宠物当作玩具变成把它们当作家庭成员或亲密朋友可知宠物咖啡馆改变了人们对动物的态度这些动物就像家庭成员一样陪伴人们这篇文章最好的题目是动物变成了伙伴故选C一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义companionn朋友伙伴expand扩大拓展rangen系列范围commentnv评论interactv交流互动circumstancen状况形势frequentadj频繁的二长难句翻译1Butthepetcafeshelpshifttheirattitudefromseeingthemasplaythingstoregardingthemasfamilymembersorclosefriends答案但宠物咖啡馆有助于改变他们的态度从把宠物当作玩具变成把它们当作家庭成员或亲密朋友2Animalloversalsoexpectthepetcafestochangepeoplesattitudestowardpets答案动物爱好者也希望宠物咖啡馆能改变人们对宠物的态度Passage2In2019morethan14millionyoungpeoplearoundtheglobetookpartintheSchoolStrikesforClimateActionproteststhatwerelargelyadvocatedby17yearoldSwedishactivistGretaThunbergTheinspirationalyoungSwedewhileamediafavouriteisfarfromthefirstorlastyoungpersontofightforabetterenvironmentalfutureWiththeriseofsocialmediainrecentyearswebsitessuchasYouTubeprovideaccessiblecoverageonecologicalmattersthatquicklygathermillionsofviewsandlinkstonewscientificinformationareeasilysharedbetweenpeersButitsnotjustonlineresearchthatexposesthetruthanditsnotadistantthreateitherClimatechangeishappeningaroundusaswespeakanincreaseofdroughtsandheatwavesmeansalossofcropproductionandoneandahalfacresofforestiscutdowneverysecondOfcoursejustbecauseyoungpeoplearenowreadilyarmedwithstatisticssuchasthesedoesntmeanalladultswilleagerlylistentothemManywriteoffyoungactivistssimplyduetotheirageandothersstillarentwillingtoseetheenvironmentalchallengeswefacebutthatdoesntmeanadifferencecantbemadeAstudyonparticipantsaged1624intheUNclimatenegotiationsrevealedthatadultsperceivedyoungeractivistsasbeingmoretrustworthyduetothelackoffinancialincentives刺激tobethereYoungactivistsoftenhaveanindependentviewofwhatsgoingonandbeingfreefrompoliticstheyoftensaywhatadultsarentwillingtoSoitseemsachievingacarbonneutralworldinthefixturemightdependonyoungdeterminedvoicesinspiringexperiencedadultswhocanmakeadifference1WhyisGretaThunbergmentionedinthefirstparagraphAToshowthattheyoungactivistsareplayingapartBTogiveanintroductiontoGretaThunbergCToillustratetheseriousnessofclimatechangeDToarousereadersinterestinenvironmentalprotection2Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasewriteoffinparagraph3probablymeanAConsiderunimportantBTakeseriouslyCGiveupDWritedown3whatdoesparagraph4focusonAThewayyoungactivistsworkBTheadvantagesyoungactivistshaveCThecontributionsyoungactivistsmakeDTheviewsyoungactivistshold4WhichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextAGretaThunberganoutstandingactivistBClimatechangeamatterneedingeveryonesattentionCTheriseofsocialmediamakesecologicalmattersaccessibleDTheyoungaremakingadifferencetotheenvironmentalfuture答案1A2A3B4D解析分析本文是一篇议论文文章论述的是年轻人正在为环境的未来做出改变未来可能要靠年轻坚定的声音激励有经验的成年人让他们有所作为1题详解推理判断题根据第一段In2019morethan14millionyoungpeoplearoundtheglobetookpartintheSchoolStrikesforClimateActionproteststhatwerelargelyadvocatedby17yearoldSwedishactivistGretaThunbergTheinspirationalyoungSwedewhileamediafavouriteisfarfromthefirstorlastyoungpersontofightforabetterenvironmentalfuture2019年全球超过140万年轻人参加了主要由17岁的瑞典活动人士格里塔通伯格GretaThunberg倡导的学校罢工气候行动抗议活动这位鼓舞人心的瑞典年轻人虽然是媒体的宠儿但绝不是第一个或最后一个为更好的环境未来而奋斗的年轻人可知在第一段中提到GretaThunberg用来表明年轻的积极分子正在发挥作用故选A2题详解词义猜测题根据第三段中OfcoursejustbecauseyoungpeoplearenowreadilyarmedwithstatisticssuchasthesedoesntmeanalladultswilleagerlylistentothemManywriteoffyoungactivistssimplyduetotheirage当然仅仅因为年轻人现在掌握了这些统计数据并不意味着所有成年人都会热切地倾听他们的意见许多人仅仅因为年龄的原因就把年轻的活动人士排除在外由此推知划线词所在句子的意思是很多人仅仅因为年龄就认为年轻活动家不重要即划线词的意思是认为不重要故选A3题详解主旨大意题根据第四段Astudyonparticipantsaged1624intheUNclimatenegotiationsrevealedthatadultsperceivedyoungeractivistsasbeingmoretrustworthyduetothelackoffinancialincentives刺激tobethereYoungactivistsoftenhaveanindependentviewofwhatsgoingonandbeingfreefrompoliticstheyoftensaywhatadultsarentwillingto一项针对联合国气候谈判中1624岁参与者的研究显示由于缺乏经济激励成年人认为年轻活动家更值得信赖年轻的活动人士往往对正在发生的事情有独立的看法而且由于不受政治影响他们经常会说出成年人不愿意说的话可知第四段的重点是年轻活动家拥有的优势故选B4题详解主旨大意题根据最后一段Soitseemsachievingacarbonneutralworldinthefixturemightdependonyoungdeterminedvoicesinspiringexperiencedadultswhocanmakeadifference因此似乎要实现一个碳中性的世界可能要靠年轻坚定的声音激励有经验的成年人让他们有所作为可知D项Theyoungarcmakingadifferencetotheenvironmentalfuture年轻人正在为环境的未来做出改变为文章的合适标题故选D一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义protestnv抗议inspirational鼓舞人心的accessibleadj容易到达的容易获得的ecologicaladj生态的生态学的statisticsn统计数字eagerlyadv热切地急切地politicsn政治二长难句翻译1OfcoursejustbecauseyoungpeoplearenowreadilyarmedwithstatisticssuchasthesedoesntmeanalladultswilleagerlylistentothemManywriteoffyoungactivistssimplyduetotheirage答案当然仅仅因为年轻人现在掌握了这些统计数据并不意味着所有成年人都会热切地倾听他们的意见许多人仅仅因为年龄的原因就把年轻的活动人士排除在外2Astudyonparticipantsaged1624intheUNclimatenegotiationsrevealedthatadultsperceivedyoungeractivistsasbeingmoretrustworthyduetothelackoffinancialincentives刺激tobethereYoungactivistsoftenhaveanindependentviewofwhatsgoingonandbeingfreefrompoliticstheyoftensaywhatadultsarentwillingto答案一项针对联合国气候谈判中1624岁参与者的研究显示由于缺乏经济激励成年人认为年轻活动家更值得信赖年轻的活动人士往往对正在发生的事情有独立的看法而且由于不受政治影响他们经常会说出成年人不愿意说的话Passage3StayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingsickanewAmericanstudysuggestsInanexperimentthatexposedhealthyvolunteerstoacoldorfluvirusresearchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerallysunnycharacterwerelesslikelytofailillThefindingspublishedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicinebuildonevidencethatapositiveemotionalstylecanhelpwardoffthecommoncoldandotherillnessPeoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavedifferentimmune免疫的responsestothevirusexplainedleadstudyauthorDrSheldonCohenofCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburghAndwhentheydogetacoldtheymayinterprettheirillnessasbeinglesssevereCohenandhiscolleagueshasfoundinapreviousstudythathappierpeopleseemedlesslikelytocatchacoldbutsomequestionsremainedastowhethertheemotionalqualityitselfhadtheeffectForthenewstudytheresearchershad193healthyadultscompletestandardmeasuresofpersonalityqualitiesphysicalshealthandemotionalstyleThosewhotendedtobehappyenergeticandeasygoingwerejudgedashavingapositiveemotionalstylewhilethosewhowereoftenunhappytenseandhostile敌意的hadanegativestyleAfterwardstheresearchersgavethemnosedropscontainingeitheracoldvirusoraparticularfluvirusthatcausesflulikesymptomsOverthenextsixdaysthevolunteersreportedonanyachespainssneezingtheyhadCohenandhiscolleaguesfoundthathappypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacoldWhatsmorewhenhappyfolksdiddevelopacoldtheirsymptomswerelessseverethanexpectedbasedonobjectivemeasuresIncontrastpeoplewithnegativecharacterswerenotatincreasedriskofdevelopingacoldbasedonobjectivemeasuresthoughtheydidtendtogetdownabouttheirsymptomsWefindthatitsreallypositiveemotionsthathavethebigeffectCohensaidnotthenegativeonesSocanabadtemperedpersonfightacoldbydecidingtobehappy1Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasewardoffinparagraph3meanAGetclosetoBKeepawayfromCGetusedtoDGoonwith2WhatwasthepurposeofCohensnewstudyATofindeffectivewaystofightillnessesBTotestpeoplesdifferentimmuneresponsestocoldvirusCTotelldifferencesbetweenhappypeopleandunhappypeopleDToexaminewhetherhealthwasrelatedtoemotionalstyles3HowdidCohenreachhisconclusionABycomparingdifferentexperimentalresultsBByaskingthevolunteerstocompletenformCBycollectingdataamongpeoplewithncoldDByobservingthevolunteerssymptoms4WhatcanweconcludefromthetextASuccessisthetwinofpositivespiritsBWegetmorebybeingmorepositiveCThehappierwearethefewercoldswewillsufferDPhysicalhealthismoreimportantthanmentalhealth答案1B2D3A4C解析这是一篇议论文文章提出在寒冷的季节保持积极的心态可能是你预防生病的最好方法并通过实验研究的方式来证明这一观点1词义猜测题AGetcloseto靠近接近BKeepawayfrom远离CGetusedto习惯于DGoonwith继续根据文章第一句Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingsick在寒冷的季节保持积极的心态可能是你预防生病的最好方法可知积极的心态可以让人少生病划线词所在句子thatapositiveemotionalstylecanhelpwardoffthecommoncoldandotherillness积极情绪有助于wardoff感冒和其他疾病的主语是apositiveemotionalstyle宾语是thecommoncoldandotherillness可推断该句中的wardoff意为远离故选B项2推理判断题根据倒数第二段中Cohen所说的话Wefindthatitsreallypositiveemotionsthathavethebigeffect我们发现积极的情绪有很大的影响可推断他们做这项研究的目的就是为了检查健康是否与情绪类型有关故选D项3推理判断题根据倒数第五段中Cohenandhiscolleaguesfoundthathappypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacold科恩和他的同事们发现快乐的人不容易患感冒和倒数第四段Whatsmorewhenhappyfolksdiddevelopacoldtheirsymptomswerelessseverethanexpectedbasedonobjectivemeasures更重要的是当快乐的人们真的患了感冒时根据客观测量他们的症状比预期的要轻可知他们观察到了快乐的人们对感冒的反应又根据倒数第三段Incontrastpeoplewithnegativecharacterswerenotatincreasedriskofdevelopingacoldbasedonobjectivemeasuresthoughtheydidtendtogetdownabouttheirsymptoms相比之下根据客观测量性格消极的人患感冒的风险并不会增加尽管他们确实倾向于对自己的症状表达不满可知他们通过对比的方式发现性格消极的人对感冒的反应综上所述他们是通过对比两种实验结果而得出积极的情绪对健康有很大的影响这一结论的故选A项4主旨大意题文章第一段开篇点题Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingsick在寒冷的季节保持积极的心态可能是你预防生病的最好方法后面整篇文章通过介绍科学研究的过程及结论来证明第一段提出的论点因此我们可以从文章中得出我们越快乐就越少受感冒的折磨这一结论故选C项一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义defensen保卫防御辩护experiment实验charactern性格特征任务符号evidencen证据previousadj之前的先前的qualityn质量性质energeticadj精力充沛的二长难句翻译1Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingsick答案在寒冷的季节保持积极的心态可能是你预防生病的最好方法2Incontrastpeoplewithnegativecharacterswerenotatincreasedriskofdevelopingacoldbasedonobjectivemeasuresthoughtheydidtendtogetdownabouttheirsymptoms答案相比之下根据客观测量性格消极的人患感冒的风险并不会增加尽管他们确实倾向于对自己的症状表达不满2巩固练习Passage1AdecadeagoattheendofmyfirstsemesterteachingatCaptainmystudentJackstoppedbyforofficehoursHesatdownandburstintotearsMymindstartedcyclingthroughalistofeventsthatcouldmakeacollegejuniorcryHisgirlfriendhadbrokenupwithhimhehadbeenaccusedofcheatinginexamsheforgottoturninpapersbeforethedeadlineIjustgotmyfirstAminushesaidYearafteryearIwatchindepressionasstudentsarecrazyaboutgettingstraightAsSomesacrificetheirhealthafewhaveeventriedtochargetheirschoolafterfailureTheybelievetopmarksareatickettoelitegraduateschoolsandrewardingjobopportunitiesIwasoneofthemIstartedcollegewiththegoalofgraduatingwithaGPAof40ItwouldbeareflectionofmybrainpowerandwillpowershowingthatIhadtherightthingstosucceedButIwaswrongTheevidenceisclearAcrossindustriesresearchshowsthattheassociationbetweengradesandjobperformanceismodestinthefirstyearaftercollegeandinsignificantwithinahandfulofyearsForexampleatMicrosoftonceemployeesaretwoorthreeyearsoutofcollegetheirgradeshavenothingtodowiththeirperformanceOfcourseitmustbesaidthatifyougotDsyouprobablywouldntendupatMicrosoftAcademicgradesrarelyassessqualitieslikecreativityleadershipandteamworkskillsorsocialemotionalandpoliticalintelligenceYesstraightAstudentsmasterlargeamountsofinformationandreproduceitinexamsButcareersuccessisrarelyaboutfindingtherightsolutiontoaproblemitsmoreaboutfindingtherightproblemtosolveThismightexplainwhySteveJobsfinishedhighschoolwithaGPAof265andMartinLutherKingJrgotonlyoneAinhisfouryearsatMorehouse1WhydidJackfeelsadAHisgirlfriendabandonedhimBHewascaughtcheatinginexamsCHefailedtogetstraightAsDHedidnthandinhispaperintime2WhatdidtheauthoroncebelieveAItwaswrongtocaretoomuchaboutmarksBFailurewasschoolsfaultCMarksdidntreflectwillpowerandbrainpowerDTopmarksmeantwellpaidjoboffers3WhyaretheemployeesatMicrosoftmentionedAToindicateacademicperformanceisimportantBTostressthecompanyvaluesemployeeswithtopmarksCTointroducesuccessfulexamplesinthetechnologyindustryDToshowacademicexcellenceisntastrongpredictorofcareerperformance4WhatshouldpeoplefocusmoreontosucceedAHowtosolveaproblemBWhatproblemtobesolvedCHowtobeacreativeleaderDWhattodowithdetailedinformation答案1C2D3D4B解析这是一篇议论文文章主要介绍很多学生热衷于考试得A但是作者认为学习成绩优异并不能代表未来的成功并说明了原因作者最后指出事业上的成功并不在于找到解决问题的正确方法更多的是找到需要解决的正确问题1推理判断题根据第一段中IjustgotmyfirstAminushesaid我第一次得了A他说可知杰克因为没有得到A而感到难过故选C2细节理解题根据第二段中TheybelievetopmarksareatickettoelitegraduateschoolsandrewardingjobopportunitiesIwasoneofthemIstartedcollegewiththegoalofgraduatingwithaGPAof40ItwouldbeareflectionofmybrainpowerandwillpowershowingthatIhadtherightthingstosucceedButIwaswrong他们认为高分是进入精英研究生院和获得有价值的工作机会的门票我就是其中之一我开始大学生涯的目标是以40的GPA毕业这将是我的智力和意志力的反映表明我有获得成功的正确的事情但我错了可知作者曾经相信高分意味着高薪的工作机会故选D3推理判断题根据倒数第二段TheevidenceisclearAcrossindustriesresearchshowsthattheassociationbetweengradesandjobperformanceismodestinthefirstyearaftercollegeandinsignificantwithinahandfulofyearsForexampleatMicrosoftonceemployeesaretwoorthreeyearsoutofcollegetheirgradeshavenothingtodowiththeirperformanceOfcourseitmustbesaidthatifyougotDsyouprobablywouldntendupatMicrosoft可知证据很明显在各个行业中研究表明成绩和工作表现之间的联系在大学毕业后的第一年是适度的在几年内也不显著例如在微软一旦员工从大学毕业两三年他们的成绩和他们的表现没有任何关系当然必须要说的是如果你得了D你可能就去不了微软了由此可推知提到微软的员工是为了说明卓越的学历并不是职业表现的强有力预测故选D4细节理解题根据最后一段中Butcareersuccessisrarelyaboutfindingtherightsolutiontoaproblemitsmoreaboutfindingtherightproblemtosolve但是事业上的成功并不在于找到解决问题的正确方法更多的是找到需要解决的正确问题可推知要想成功人们应该更多地专注要解决什么问题故选B一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义semestern学期accuse指责指控cheatvn欺骗骗子depressionn抑郁沮丧chargevn收取充电指责收费associationn协会联合联系assessv估算评价二长难句翻译1ItwouldbeareflectionofmybrainpowerandwillpowershowingthatIhadtherightthingstosucceed答案这将是我的智力和意志力的反映表明我有获得成功的正确的事情2TheevidenceisclearAcrossindustriesresearchshowsthattheassociationbetweengradesandjobperformanceismodestinthefirstyearaftercollegeandinsignificantwithinahandfulofyears答案可知证据很明显在各个行业中研究表明成绩和工作表现之间的联系在大学毕业后的第一年是适度的在几年内也不显著Passage2AsstayathomeordersrelieveandcitiesreopenforbusinessmanydoctorsandhospitaladministratorsarecallingforaquickreturnofhealthcaretoprepandemiclevelsFormonthsnowroutinecarehasbeenpostponedElectiveproceduresbigmoneymakerswerestoppedsothathospitalscouldtransferresourcestotreatingCovid19patientsRoutineclinicvisitswerecanceledorreplacedbyonlinesessionsThishasresultedingreatfinanciallossesforhospitalsandclinicsHospitalshavebeenforcedtoreduceemployeesorcutpayMostpatientsontheotherhandatleastthosewithstablechronic慢性的conditionsseemtohavedoneOKInarecentsurveyonlyoneintenrespondentssaidtheirhealthorafamilymembershealthhadworsenedasaresultofdelayedcareEightysixpercentsaidtheirhealthhadstayedaboutthesameAdmittedlypostponinghealthcarehadterriblehealthconsequencesforsomepatientswithnonCovid19illnessesStillamajorityofpatientsseemtohavedonebetterthanwhatmostdoctorsexpectedItwillprobablytakeyearstounderstandwhyHoweverperhapsAmericansdontrequirethevolume体积ofcarethattheirdoctorsareusedtoprovidingItiswellrecognizedthatasubstantialamountofhealthcareinAmericaiswastefulaccountingforhundredsofbillionsofdollarsofthetotalhealthcarebudgetWastefulcareisdrivenbymanyforcesdefensivemedicinebydoctorstryingtoavoidlawsuitsthehighpricesthatAmericandoctorsandhospitalschargealackofconsensusaboutwhichtreatmentsareeffectiveandthewidespreadbeliefthatnewermoreexpensivetechnologyisalwaysbetterInasurveyafewyearsagotwothirdsofdoctorsintheUnitedStatesadmittedthatbetween15percentand30percentofhealthcareisprobablyunnecessaryStudiessuggestthatupto20percentofsurgeriesinsomespecialtiesareunnecessaryIfyoursurgerywaspostponedbecauseofthepandemicitisworthhavingaconversationwithyourdoctoraboutwhetheritisstillneededManyinstitutionsareusingthisdifficulttimeinournationshistorytomakechangesThehealthcaresystemshoulddothesame1WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutAHospitalsandclinicsinAmericaaresufferingagreatlossBDoctorsandhospitalsinAmericaarecallingforthereturnofhealthcareCAlargeamountofhealthcareinAmericaisunnecessaryDMostpatientshealthinAmericahadbecomeworsebecauseofstayathomeorders2ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAhospitalsandclinicsinAmericausedtomakealotofmoneyBmostpatientsseemtohavebeeninstableconditionswithoutanytreatmentCmostdoctorsareprovidingtoolittlehealthcareonpurposeDmostpeopledonotneedasurgeryifitispostponedbecauseofthepandemic3Whatisdefensivemedicineinparagraph4meanAThemedicinetodefendthediseaseBThemedicinetoprotectthepatientsCThemedicinetohelpthedoctorsavoidtroublesDThemedicinetohelpthedoctorstreatpatientsbetter4TheauthormentionsManyinstitutionsareusingthisdifficulttimeinournationshistorytomakechangesinthelastparagraphtoindicatethatAitisdifficulttomakeachangeinhistoryBmanyinstitutionshavemadechangesinhistoryCthehealthcaresystemmaygothroughahardtimeDthehealthcaresystemneedstomakesomechanges答案1C2A3C4D解析这是一篇议论文文章主要讲述了新冠疫情造成的后果一方面给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失另一方面尽管推迟医疗保健对一些患有非Covid19疾病的患者造成了可怕的健康后果但是大多数患者的表现似乎比大多数医生预期的要好由此得出结论也许美国人并不需要他们的医生一直提供大量医疗服务1主旨大意题通过阅读文章内容可知文章第一段至第三段内容揭示了新冠疫情对于美国医疗结构和病人带来的影响一方面给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失另一方面尽管推迟医疗保健但是大多数患者的表现似乎比大多数医生预期的要好从而在文章第三段末尾引出了本文的主要话题HoweverperhapsAmericansdontrequirethevolumeofcarethattheirdoctorsareusedtoproviding然而也许美国人并不需要他们的医生一直提供大量医疗服务即文章主要讲述了在美国大量的医疗保健是不必要的这一主要内容并在后文用调查数据进行了详细解释故选C项2推理判断题根据文章第一段内容FormonthsnowroutinecarehasbeenpostponedElectiveproceduresbigmoneymakerswerestoppedsothathospitalscouldtransferresourcestotreatingCovid19patientsRoutineclinicvisitswerecanceledorreplacedbyonlinesessionsThishasresultedingreatfinanciallossesforhospitalsandclinics几个月来常规护理被推迟了为了使医院能够将资源转移到治疗Covid19患者选择性手术最赚钱的手术被停止常规门诊就诊被取消或被在线会诊取代这给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失可知在新冠疫情下医院和和诊所的常规工作流程被迫发生改变以致医院和诊所遭受巨大的经济损伤由此可推知美国的医院和诊所曾经新冠疫情之前赚了很多钱故选A项3词义猜测题分析语境语法可知短语defensivemedicinebydoctorstryingtoavoidlawsuits中defensivemedicine是由医生开出的某种药物这种药物是为了避免医生与患者之间产生医疗诉讼的药物对医生来说是保护性和防御性的由此可推知defensivemedicine可以理解为帮助医生避免麻烦的药故选C项4推理判断题后文Thehealthcaresystemshoulddothesame医疗保健系统也应该这样做是承接句子Manyinstitutionsareusingthisdifficulttimeinournationshistorytomakechanges许多机构正在利用国家历史上的这一困难时期进行变革的进一步解释结合语境可知thesame应是指代句子中的makechanges变革由此可推知作者提出该句应是为了表明医疗保健系统也需要像其他机构一样在这样的时期做出一些变革以减少没有必要的医疗保健故选D项一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义relievev减轻缓解postpone推迟proceduren程序transferv调动转移转化sessionn集会会议一段时间学期substantialadj可观的显著的重要的institutionn习俗机构二长难句翻译1FormonthsnowroutinecarehasbeenpostponedElectiveproceduresbigmoneymakerswerestoppedsothathospitalscouldtransferresourcestotreatingCovid19patientsRoutineclinicvisitswerecanceledorreplacedbyonlinesessionsThishasresultedingreatfinanciallossesforhospitalsandclinics答案几个月来常规护理被推迟了为了使医院能够将资源转移到治疗Covid19患者选择性手术最赚钱的手术被停止常规门诊就诊被取消或被在线会诊取代这给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失2HoweverperhapsAmericansdontrequirethevolumeofcarethattheirdoctorsareusedtoproviding答案然而也许美国人并不需要他们的医生一直提供大量医疗服务Passage3TherewasatimewhenaneventwouldnotbeginwithoutaphotographerIrememberthedayswheneventorganiserswouldevendelayashowifthephotographerwasrunninglatesaysBalachandraRajuaphotographerofSathyamstudioastillsurvivingphotostudioinIndiassoutherncityofChennaiPhotostudiosarefacingextinctioninthedigitalageButastheystruggletocontinuedoingthebusinessoneresearchprojectislookingatwaystopreservetheirlegacy遗产bydigitisingarchival档案的picturesTheprojectfundedbytheBritishLibraryvisitedaround100photostudiosacrossthesouthIndianstateofTamilNaduanddigitised10000printsManyofthephotosweretakenbetween18801980andtheyrangedfrompicturesoffamiliesandfamousstarstoweddingsandfuneralsThedigitalarchivewillbeanasset有用之物forthoseinterestedinhistorysaidZoeEHeadleyoneoftheresearchersRameshKumaranotherresearcherontheprojectcalleditagoldmineforphotographersTheresearchwevedonealsohighlightsproductiontechniquesusedbeforedigitalphotographyarrivedinourcitiesandtownshesaidHowevertheresearcherswouldoftenfindoldphotosstacked难叠ontopofoneanotherinthestorageroomofastudioNoonehadbotheredtocleanthemKumarsaidaddingthatmanyphotoshadbeendamagedduetothehotandwetweatherinTamilNaduTheownerofNallapillaistudioincentralTamilNadusaidhespendsabout20000rupees230310eachmonthtorunthestudiothatwasfoundedbyhisgreatgrandfatheralmost150yearsagoTosurviveinthisdigitalagehasbeenastruggleManycustomersdontbookusforspecialeventsanymorehesaidaddingthattheyhaveallgotsmartphonestodothejobImnotsureifphotostudioswillexistfiveyearsfromnowhesaidButthisiswhyaccordingtoMrRajuthisarchivalprojectissoimportantWhentheresearchersspenthoursinmystudioIsawthemgetexcitedoveralloftheseoldphotosanditwasliketheyhadgiventhesepicturesasecondchanceRajusaid1WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph1APhotographerswerelazyBPhotographywasvaluedCExpertphotographerswerefewDEventorganiserswerethemostimportant2HowmighttheprojectpreservephotostudioslegacyAPhotostudioscanattractmanyvisitorsBPhotographerscanhaveagoodworkingplaceCPhotographersgettolearnaboutoldphotographytechniquesDPhotostudioshavethechancetotakepicturesoffamousstars3WhathastheresearchersfoundASomephotostudiosaredoingwellBPhotostudiosarebookedforspecialeventsCSomephotostudiossufferfrombadweatherDPhotostudiosgiveoldpictureslittleprotection4WhatisRajusattitudetowardstheprojectAHopefulBAnxiousCDisapprovingDOpposed答案1B2C3D4A解析本文是议论文论述了如今的数码时代用智能手机拍照风行旧时的照相馆是否还有存在的必要的论题1推理判断题根据第一段中的Irememberthedayswheneventorganiserswouldevendelayashowifthephotographerwasrunninglate可知如果摄影师迟到活动组织者甚至会推迟演出由此可知曾经摄影师的地位很高摄影备受尊崇故选B项2细节理解题根据第三段中的RameshKumaranotherresearcherontheprojectcalleditagoldmineforphotographersTheresearchwevedonealsohighlightsproductiontechniquesusedbeforedigitalphotographyarrivedinourcitiesandtownshesaid可知得益于该项目如今的摄影师们有机会了解旧时的摄影技术这对保护这些照相馆的遗产大有裨益故选C项3细节理解题根据第四段中的Howevertheresearcherswouldoftenfindoldphotosstacked难叠ontopofoneanotherinthestorageroomofastudioNoonehadbotheredtocleanthemKumarsaidaddingthatmanyphotoshadbeendamagedduetothehotandwetweatherinTamilNadu可知在研究过程中研究人员经常碰到的场景是照相馆里的老照片被随意地堆放在一起无人愿意清理它们由于TamilNadu的天气又湿又热很多照片甚至被损坏了由此可推知照相馆对于老照片的保护力度不够故选D项4推理判断题根据最后一段中的ButthisiswhyaccordingtoMrRajuthisarchivalprojectissoimportantWhentheresearchersspenthoursinmystudioIsawthemgetexcitedoveralloftheseoldphotosanditwasliketheyhadgiventhesepicturesasecondchanceRajusaid可知Raju认为这个项目很重要研究人员对这些照片都很兴奋由此推知Raju对这个项目充满了希望故选A项一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义delayv推迟拖延extinction绝种digitaladj数字的数码的preservev保护保持damagenv损害伤害strugglenv奋斗斗争survivev存留遗存幸存二长难句翻译1RameshKumaranotherresearcherontheprojectcalleditagoldmineforphotographersTheresearchwevedonealsohighlightsproductiontechniquesusedbeforedigitalphotographyarrivedinourcitiesandtownshesaid答案该项目的另一位研究者RameshKumar把它称为摄影师的金矿他说我们做的研究也突出了那些在数码摄影来到我们城市和乡镇之前使用的制作技术2ButthisiswhyaccordingtoMrRajuthisarchivalprojectissoimportantWhentheresearchersspenthoursinmystudioIsawthemgetexcitedoveralloftheseoldphotosanditwasliketheyhadgiventhesepicturesasecondchanceRajusaid答案但是根据MrRaju的观点来看这就是为什么这个项目是如此的重要他说当研究者们在我的摄影棚中话费数小时的时候我看到他们所有人都对老照片变得很兴奋似乎他们给予了这些照片第二次机会3提高练习Passage1HowcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironmentsmostlyforentertainmentpurposesisfairandrespectfulZooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimalsHowevermostzoosremaincollectionsofinterestingthingsratherthanprotectivehabitatsZoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsboredlonelyandfarfromtheirnaturalhomesZoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspeciesbutvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimalsnaturalbehaviorintelligenceorbeautyZooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcagesandmostsignsonlymentionthespeciesnamedietandnaturalrange分布区TheanimalsnormalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdontusuallytakecareoftheanimalsnaturalneedsTheanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaceswithnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexerciseThisresultsinunusuallyselfdestructivebehaviorcalledzoochosisAworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcagesAnotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebarsandbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforthasignofunhappinessandpainFurthermoremostanimalsinzoosarenotendangeredCaptivebreeding圈养繁殖ofendangeredbigcatsAsianelephantsandotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewildZoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingoutInfactbabyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomersHaventweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimalsActuallywewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthemInsteadofsupportingzoosweshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimalsnaturalhabitats1InthestateofzoochosisanimalsAremainincagesBbehavestrangelyCattackotheranimalsDenjoymovingaround2WhatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassageAZoosarenotworththepublicsupportBZoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimalsCZoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeingsDZoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment3TheauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlybyApointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdoBusingevidencehehascollectedatzoosCquestioningthewayanimalsareprotectedDdiscussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitats4AlthoughhearguesagainstzoostheauthorwouldstillagreethatAzooshavetokeepanimalsinsmallcagesBmostanimalsinzoosareendangeredspeciesCsomeendangeredanimalsarereproducedinzoosDitsacceptabletokeepanimalsawayfromtheirhabitats答案1B2A3A4C解析这是一篇议论文文章讲述了作者对动物园的看法作者认为动物园的动物并不快乐而且呼吁我们去支持那些真正为保护野生动物栖息地的工作1细节理解题根据第四段Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebarsandbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforthasignofunhappinessandpain可知另一项研究显示大象花22的时间重复头部运动或咬笼子的栅栏熊则花30的时间来回走动这是不快乐和痛苦的表现由此可知在动物精神病状态下动物的行为很奇怪故选B项2细节理解题根据最后一段Insteadofsupportingzoosweshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimalsnaturalhabitats可知我们应该支持保护动物自然栖息地的团体而不是支持动物园由此可知作者在文中试图论证动物园不值得公众支持故选A项3推理判断题根据第二段HowevermostzoosremaincollectionsofinterestingthingsratherthanprotectivehabitatsZoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsboredlonelyandfarfromtheirnaturalhomes可知然而大多数动物园仍然是有趣的东西的集合而不是保护性的栖息地动物园告诉人们让动物感到无聊孤独和远离自然家园是可以接受的根据第三段Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspeciesbutvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimalsnaturalbehaviorintelligenceorbeauty动物园声称教育人们和拯救濒危物种但游客离开动物园时却没有了解到动物的自然行为智力或美丽根据第四段TheanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaceswithnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexerciseThisresultsinunusuallyselfdestructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis动物们被关在一起的空间很小很少有运动的机会这导致了一种异常的自我毁灭行为称之为动物精神病由此判断出作者主要通过指出动物园的错误行为试图说服读者接受他的观点故选A项4推理判断题根据倒数第二段Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout可知动物园经常谈论他们的圈养繁殖计划因为他们不希望人们担心一个物种会灭绝由此判断出尽管他反对动物园但作者仍然同意一些濒危动物在动物园里繁殖故选C项一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义entertainmentn娱乐official正式的正规的官员protectiveadj保护性的intelligencen智力情报privacyn隐私mentaladj智力的精神的speciesv物种人种二长难句翻译1Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebarsandbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforthasignofunhappinessandpain答案另一项研究显示大象花22的时间重复头部运动或咬笼子的栅栏熊则花30的时间来回走动这是不快乐和痛苦的表现2TheanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaceswithnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexerciseThisresultsinunusuallyselfdestructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis答案动物们被关在一起的空间很小很少有运动的机会这导致了一种异常的自我毁灭行为称之为动物精神病Passage2TeenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldalonehavebeenmakingheadlinesquiteoftenAyoungpersonaloneinadangeroussituationattractsattentionandsponsorsYoungsailorsalsoattractvariousviewsForexampleJessicaWatsonwasaskedbythegovernmenttocancelhervoyageyetthePrimeMinistercalledheraheroforyoungAustralianswhenshereturnedItseemedthereisconfusionaboutthecompetenceandindependenceofyoungpeopleThepopularpsychologiststellusthatteenagebrainsarelikelytomakewrongjudgmentsButsuchideasoftendonotapplytospecificindividualsBetweentheagesof14and18teenagersvarygreatlyintheirabilitiesTheamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelatedresponsibleadultsSometeensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcapableofchildishmistakesbuttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhardheadedandwellqualifiedadultsupportersButitsalsowrongtothinkthatany16yearoldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatsonsWatsoncallsherselfanordinarygirlwhohadadreamHerintentionistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthemShouldallteenshavesuchdreamsActuallyindividualsfacevaryingcircumstancesthatrestricttheirdreamsTeenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldaloneshouldnotbejudgedbypreconceived事先形成的viewsaboutyoungpeopleNorshouldyoungordinaryteenagersfeelpressuretolongforextraordinarypersonalgoalsInfactIbelievetheexampleofsolosailingoverstressesindividualismTheteenageyearsarewhenmostofusordinarypeoplelearnthatwecanachievegreatthingsincooperationwithothers1WhatcanwelearnaboutJessicaWatsonAShewascriticizedbythegovernmentBSheeventuallycanceledhervoyageCShehastraveledaroundtheworldDShemadeasuccessfulvoyage2WhatcanbeinferredaboutteenagersfromthetextATheyhavesimilarabilitiesBTheymakedecisionsontheirownCTheyalwaysmakewrongjudgmentsDTheyneedsupportsofresponsibleadults3WhodoestheunderlinedwordtheminParagraph3refertoAParentsBTeenagersCPsychologistsDAdults4WhatisthebesttitleforthetextADividedOpinionsonYoungAdventurersBProblemsFacedbyAdventurousTeensCVariousWaystoBecomeIndependentDPressuretoAchievePersonalGoals答案1D2D3B4A解析这是一篇议论文文章主要讲述了独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻一个年轻人JessicaWatson成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄为此各方有着不同的看法1细节理解题根据第一段的ForexampleJessicaWatsonwasaskedbythegovernmenttocancelhervoyageyetthePrimeMinistercalledheraheroforyoungAustralianswhenshereturned可知政府要求JessicaWatson取消航行但在她返回时总理称她为澳大利亚年轻人的英雄由此可知JessicaWatson进行了一次成功的航行故选D2推理判断题根据第二段的TheamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelatedresponsibleadultsSometeensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcapableofchildishmistakesbuttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhardheadedandwellqualifiedadultsupporters可知允许每个人独立的程度不仅应由他们的年龄决定还需要与相关的负责任的成年人讨论有些青少年肯定是没有经验的并且容易犯幼稚的错误但是那些尝试危险旅行的青少年那样做通常是得到了精明冷静的和有学识的成人支持者的信任由此可知青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持故选D3指代猜测题根据第三段的Butitsalsowrongtothinkthatany16yearoldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatsonsWatsoncallsherselfanordinarygirlwhohadadreamHerintentionistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthemShouldallteenshavesuchdreamsActuallyindividualsfacevaryingcircumstancesthatrestricttheirdreams可知认为任何16岁的年轻人都渴望获得JessicaWatson一样出色的成就也是错误的Watson称自己为一个有梦想的普通女孩她这样做的目的是为了鼓励青少年但是这个想法可能产生相反的效果使他们感到自己不够好因为在他们看来伟大的成就是他们不可触及的所有的青少年都应该有这样的梦想吗实际上每个人面临着各种不同的情况这限制了他们的梦想由此可知划线词they指代的是前文提到的青少年故选B4标题判断题通读全文可知文章主要讲述了独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻一个处境危险的年轻人JessicaWatson成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄为此各方有着不同的看法下文具体地分析了人们的不同看法根据第二题的分析可知第二段提到青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持第三段提到认为任何16岁的年轻人都渴望获得JessicaWatson一样出色的成就也是错误的最后一段中提到作者的看法不应仅凭对年轻人的先入为主的看法来判断在世界各地旅行的青少年青少年也不应感到压力去渴望达到非凡的个人目标实际上我相信单人航行的例子过分强调个人主义十几岁的时候我们大多数普通人都知道我们可以与他人合作来成就伟大的事情因此A项对年轻冒险者的不同看法可以作为文章的标题故选A一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义sponsorn捐助者赞助者various许多的各种各样的voyagen航行competencen能力技能intentionn意图judgmentn判断评价pressuren压力气压二长难句翻译1TheamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelatedresponsibleadultsSometeensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcapableofchildishmistakesbuttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhardheadedandwellqualifiedadultsupporters答案允许每个人独立的程度不仅应由他们的年龄决定还需要与相关的负责任的成年人讨论有些青少年肯定是没有经验的并且容易犯幼稚的错误但是那些尝试危险旅行的青少年那样做通常是得到了精明冷静的和有学识的成人支持者的信任由此可知青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持2Butitsalsowrongtothinkthatany16yearoldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatsonsWatsoncallsherselfanordinarygirlwhohadadream答案认为任何16岁的年轻人都渴望获得JessicaWatson一样出色的成就也是错误的Watson称自己为一个有梦想的普通女孩Passage3HighschoolbiologyteacherKellyChavisknewsmartphoneswereaprobleminherclassButnoteventhestudentsrealizedhowmuchofaproblemthedeviceswereuntilChavisdidaninclassexperimentForoneclassperiodstudentsusedawhiteboardtocounteverySnapchatInstagramtextcallthatappearedontheirphonesChavisisamongagrowingnumberofteachersparentsandhealthexpertswhobelievethatsmartphonesarenowpartlytoblameforincreasingthelevelsofstudentanxietyOnegirljustduringtheonehourgotcloseto150Snapchatnotifications150shesaidJeanTwengeapsychologyprofessoratSanDiegoStateUniversityinCaliforniasaiditisnotacoincidencethatyouthmentalhealthissueshaverisenwiththenumberofphonesThisuseofphoneshasledtoalossofsleepandfacetofaceinteractionsnecessaryfortheirgrowthshesaidResearchersarestillnotsurewhetherphonescausestudentdepressionordepressioncausesphoneuseButnearly60percentofparentssaidtheyworryabouttheinfluenceofsocialmediaontheirchildsphysicalandmentalhealthBothschoolsandparentsarestartingtotakestepstodealwiththeproblemManypublicschoolspayoutsidecompaniestowatchstudentssocialmediaactivityforsignsofanxietyOtherschoolsinviteinyogateachersandcomfortdogstohelpcalmstudents1WhatsthepurposeofChavissexperimentAToseehowmanystudentshavesmartphonesBTofindouthowpopularherstudentsareCToshowsmartphonesinfluenceteenagersgreatlyDTotellherstudentshowtousesmartphoneswisely2HowdidKellyChavisfeelabouttheresultAShockedBExcitedCSatisfiedDFrightened3WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJeanTwengeAStudentsarenowundergreatstressBStudentsspendtoomuchmoneyonsmartphonesCOverusingphonescausedropsinstudentsgradesDOverusingphonesmayharmstudentsbodyandmind4WhatmightbetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinuedAHowotherschoolsdealwithstudentsphonesBWhetherthewaystohandlephonesareeffectiveCHowsomeparentsdealwiththeirchildrensphonesDWhetherstudentsarewillingtogiveupusingphones答案1C2A3D4C解析这是一篇议论文作者通过KellyChavis的课堂实验展示了智能手机对学生的影响并引一些专业人士的观点来支持个人的论证继而说明了学校就学生使用手机问题采取的措施1细节理解题根据第一段的ButnoteventhestudentsrealizedhowmuchofaproblemthedeviceswereuntilChavisdidaninclassexperiment和下文可知直到查维斯在课堂上做了一个实验学生们才意识到这些设备有多大的问题焦虑睡眠不足等问题故查维斯的实验目的是想去展示手机对青少年的影响很大故选C项2推理判断题根据第二段的ChavisisamongagrowingnumberofteachersarenowpartlytoblameforincreasingthelevelsofOnegirljustduringtheonehourgotcloseto150Snapchatnotifications150shesaid越来越多的老师家长和健康专家认为学生的焦虑程度越来越高部分原因是智能手机造成的查维斯就是其中之一一个女孩在一个小时内收到了近150条Snapchat通知150条可知Chavis对于实验的结果是非常震惊的故选A项3推理判断题根据第三段的itisnotacoincidencethatyouthmentalhealthissueshaverisenwiththenumberofphones可知JeanTwenge认为过度使用手机可能会伤害学生的身心故选D项4推理判断题根据最后一段的第一句Bothschoolsandparentsarestartingtotakestepstodealwiththeproblem可知最后一段讨论的是学校应采取的措施那么接下来的段落可能会讨论的问题是一些父母如何处理他们孩子的手机故选C项一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义biologyn生物学生理period一段时间时期blamevn指责责备anxietyn焦虑notificationn通知coincidencen巧合influencenv影响二长难句翻译1ButnoteventhestudentsrealizedhowmuchofaproblemthedeviceswereuntilChavisdidaninclassexperiment答案直到查维斯在课堂上做了一个实验学生们才意识到这些设备有多大的问题2Itisnotacoincidencethatyouthmentalhealthissueshaverisenwiththenumberofphones答案年轻人的精神健康问题随着手机数量而上升并不是一个巧合DuringavisittotheUnitedArabEmiratesIwasinvitedtospeaktocollegestudentstolearnmoreabouthowthecountryispreparingthenextgenerationforthefutureImetwithstudentswhowererequiredtopresenttheirfinalprojectsinathreeminutepresentationtomembersoftherulingfamilyNowthatispressureButlearningtheartofpublicspeakingisnolongeranoptiontosucceedinthe21stcenturyitisfundamentalEducatorswhoIhavemetacrosstheMiddleEastEuropeandAsiasaythattheyareelevatingtheartofpublicspeakingtoacorerequirementalongwithmathandscienceChrisAndersonthecurator负责人ofTEDencouragesschoolsintheUnitedStatestomakepresentationliteracyarequirementinelementaryschoolsThereisawrinklehoweverAccordingtoanarticleinTheAtlanticsomeAmericanmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsareadvocatingfortheelimination取消ofmandatory强制的inclasspresentationsTheiranxietyisrealPsychologyprofessorMatthewLiebermanwritesinbookOurbrainscravethepositiveevaluationofothersalmosttoanembarrassingdegreeThatswhymostofusgetanxiousaboutpublicspeakingAnxietycanturnintofullblownpanicattacksorcreatelifelongfearsAsanauthorwhosebooksareusedinpublicspeakingclassesaroundtheworldIwillexplainwhypublicspeakingskillsaremoreimportantthaneverPersuasiononepersonconvincinganothertochangetheirmindisnowresponsiblefor25percentofAmericastotalincomeaccordingtoDeirdreMcCloskeyattheUniversityofIllinoisThepercentagewillriseto40percentsoonsheassuredmeItisaterribleideatoreducepublicspeakingopportunitiesinclassatatimewhenstudentsneedtheskillsitcangivethemtosucceedTodayanyonewhoisbetteratpresentingtheirideascanseeasuddenmassiveincreaseinwealththatisunprecedentedinhumanhistoryIntheageofideaspublicspeakingisoneofthegreatestskillsthatstudentsneedinordertolearngrowandinspiretherestofustodreambiggerIfstudentsenjoytheprocessofbuildingthenecessaryskillsettheywilllearntolovepublicspeaking1WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1APublicspeakingisessentialinpreparingforthefutureBStudentsdonthavetochoosethecourseofpublicspeakingCTherulingfamilyplaysakeyroleinjudgingthepresentationDCollegestudentsareunderpressureinpreparingtheintroduction2WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2probablymeanASimplecaseBNewideaCSmallproblemDStrongbelief3WhichofthefollowingisthebenefitofpublicspeakingAItcanhelppersuadeotherstochangetheirmindBGoodspeakerscanseehugeriseintheirincomeCItwillofferstudentsskillstomakeagreatsuccessDItencouragesstudentstoliveawealthylifeinthefuture4WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutAItscaresstudentstomakeaspeechpubliclyBPresentationsisasteppingstoneforstudentsfutureCWecanimprovespeakingskillsinmanyeffectivewaysDConfidenceinpresentationincreasesifoneiswellprepared答案1A2C3B4B分析本文是一篇议论文文章论述了演讲的好处并告诉人们演讲是学生未来的垫脚石1推理判断题根据第一段中NowthatispressureButlearningtheartofpublicspeakingisnolongeranoptiontosucceedinthe21stcenturyitisfundamental现在这就是压力但在21世纪学习公共演讲的艺术不再是成功的选择这是基本的可知在为未来做准备时公开演讲是必不可少的故选A2词句猜测题根据第二段中ChrisAndersonthecurator负责人ofTEDencouragesschoolsintheUnitedStatestomakepresentationliteracyarequirementinelementaryschoolsTED的策展人克里斯安德森鼓励美国的学校将演讲素养作为小学的一项要求和AccordingtoanarticleinTheAtlanticsomeAmericanmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsareadvocatingfortheelimination取消ofmandatory强制的inclasspresentations根据大西洋月刊的一篇文章一些美国中学和高中学生主张取消强制性的课堂陈述再根据划线词所在句子Thereisawrinklehowever中的however表示转折关系由此推知划线词的意思是小问题小麻烦故选C3细节理解题根据倒数第二段中Todayanyonewhoisbetteratpresentingtheirideascanseeasuddenmassiveincreaseinwealththatisunprecedentedinhumanhistory今天任何一个更善于表达自己想法的人都能看到人类历史上前所未有的财富的突然大规模增长可知B项Goodspeakerscanseehugeriseintheirincome好的演讲者可以看到收入的巨大增长是公共演讲的好处故选B4主旨大意题根据最后一段IntheageofideaspublicspeakingisoneofthegreatestskillsthatstudentsneedinordertolearngrowandinspiretherestofustodreambiggerIfstudentsenjoytheprocessofbuildingthenecessaryskillsettheywilllearntolovepublicspeaking在这个思想的时代公众演讲是学生们学习成长和激励其他人拥有更大梦想所需要的最伟大的技能之一如果学生享受建立必要技能的过程他们就会爱上公开演讲可知这篇文章讲述的是演讲是学生未来的垫脚石故选B一重点词汇和短语在本文中的含义generationn一代人fundamental基本的根本的requirementn需要evaluationn评估advocatev支持拥护assurev向保证担保massiveadj巨大的大量的二长难句翻译1NowthatispressureButlearningtheartofpublicspeakingisnolongeranoptiontosucceedinthe21stcenturyitisfundamental答案现在这就是压力但在21世纪学习公共演讲的艺术不再是成功的选择这是基本的2IntheageofideaspublicspeakingisoneofthegreatestskillsthatstudentsneedinordertolearngrowandinspiretherestofustodreambiggerIfstudentsenjoytheprocessofbuildingthenecessaryskillsettheywilllearntolovepublicspeaking答案在这个思想的时代公众演讲是学生们学习成长和激励其他人拥有更大梦想所需要的最伟大的技能之一如果学生享受建立必要技能的过程他们就会爱上公开演讲